研究简报 SHORT COMMUNICATION

燕麦干草和苜蓿干草的组合效应及其对奶牛生产性能、乳品质、血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率的影响

  • 赵淑敏 ,
  • 苏莹莹 ,
  • 贾泽统 ,
  • 刘旭乐 ,
  • 王成章 ,
  • 史莹华 ,
  • 李德锋 ,
  • 李振田 ,
  • 朱晓艳
展开
  • 1. 河南农业大学动物科技学院, 郑州 450046;
    2. 河南省草地资源创新与利用重点实验室, 郑州 450046;
    3. 河南省牧草工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450046
赵淑敏(1998-),女,河南济源人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:511345270@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-03-30

  网络出版日期: 2021-11-10

Combined Effects of Oat Hay and Alfalfa Hay and Their Effects on Performance, Milk Quality, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Dairy Cows

  • ZHAO Shumin ,
  • SU Yingying ,
  • JIA Zetong ,
  • LIU Xule ,
  • WANG Chengzhang ,
  • SHI Yinghua ,
  • LI Defeng ,
  • LI Zhentian ,
  • ZHU Xiaoyan
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
    2. Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
    3. Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China

Received date: 2021-03-30

  Online published: 2021-11-10

摘要

本试验旨在探讨燕麦干草和苜蓿干草的组合效应及其对奶牛生产性能、乳品质、血清生化指标、营养物质表观消化率和经济效益的影响。选取体况相近的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛60头,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(苜蓿干草每天用量5.5 kg),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别用25%和50%的燕麦干草替代苜蓿干草,预试期14 d,正试期56 d。随后每个重复随机选取1头奶牛,进行3 d消化代谢试验。将3头安装永久瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛随机分为3组(燕麦干草替代苜蓿干草的比例与饲喂试验一致),通过尼龙袋法测定营养物质的瘤胃降解参数,预试期20 d,正试期3 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组的干物质采食量(DMI)和产奶量显著提高(P<0.05),净增收益增加1.28元/(头·d)。2)Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但Ⅰ组的体细胞数(SCC)以及Ⅱ组的乳蛋白含量和SCC显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的血清尿素氮(UN)含量和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的谷草转氨酶(AST)活性和总胆固醇(TC)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)Ⅰ组的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的氮摄入量和粪氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的氮利用率(NUE)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)各组之间DM、CP、NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)瘤胃降解参数无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,燕麦干草与苜蓿干草以1 : 3比例组合能提高其生产性能和营养物质表观消化率,改善乳品质,增加收益。

本文引用格式

赵淑敏 , 苏莹莹 , 贾泽统 , 刘旭乐 , 王成章 , 史莹华 , 李德锋 , 李振田 , 朱晓艳 . 燕麦干草和苜蓿干草的组合效应及其对奶牛生产性能、乳品质、血清生化指标和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(11) : 6572 -6583 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.11.055

参考文献

[1] 卢成, 曾昭海, 张涛, 等.紫花苜蓿生物活性成分研究进展[J].草业科学, 2005, 22(9):28-32. LU C, ZENG Z H, ZHANG T, et al.Research progress in the study of bio-active composition of alfalfa[J].Pratacultural Science, 2005, 22(9):28-32.(in Chinese)
[2] 辛小丽, 张炜, 田格, 等.紫花苜蓿叶蛋白抗氧化产物的制备及其抗氧化活性的研究[J].化学研究与应用, 2019, 31(11):1973-1980. XIN X L, ZHANG W, TIAN G, et al.Study on preparation and antioxidant activity of alfalfa leaf protein antioxidant products[J].Chemical Research and Application, 2019, 31(11):1973-1980.(in Chinese)
[3] 阎旭东, 徐玉鹏, 王俊萍, 等.苜蓿干草添加量对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2010, 37(11):13-16. YAN X D, XU Y P, WANG J P, et al.Effect of the alfalfa hay on the production of cows and economic benefit[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2010, 37(11):13-16.(in Chinese)
[4] 王玲.苜蓿不同喂量对奶牛产奶量及品质的影响研究[J].中国牛业科学, 2018, 44(3):20-23. WANG L.Effects of different feeding amount of alfalfa on milk yield and the quality of cows[J].China Cattle Science, 2018, 44(3):20-23.(in Chinese)
[5] 刘艳娜, 史莹华, 严学兵, 等.苜蓿青干草替代部分精料对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响[J].草业学报, 2013, 22(6):190-197. LIU Y N, SHI Y H, YAN X B, et al.Effect of alfalfa hay substituting for part of the concentrate, on the production of cows and economic profit[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(6):190-197.(in Chinese)
[6] 褚海义, 李亚奎, 刘贵河, 等.不同水平苜蓿干草对奶牛消化代谢及血液指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医, 2016, 48(6):73-76. CHU H Y, LI Y K, LIU G H, et al.Effects of different dietary levels of alfalfa hay on nutrients digestion and metabolism and blood biochemical indexes in dairy cattle[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2016, 48(6):73-76.(in Chinese)
[7] 贺忠勇.燕麦干草在奶牛生产中的优势及应用[J].中国奶牛, 2015(17):12-15. HE Z Y.Advantage and application of oat hay in dairy cows production[J].China Dairy Cattle, 2015(17):12-15.(in Chinese)
[8] 李明华, 李锡智, 周玉财, 等.干奶前期饲喂燕麦草对奶牛围产后期生产性能的影响[J].中国奶牛, 2016(7):11-14. LI M H, LI X Z, ZHOU Y C, et al.Effect of feeding oat grass in early stage of dry milk on production performance of dairy cows in late perinatal period[J].China Dairy Cattle, 2016(7):11-14.(in Chinese)
[9] 杨茁萌, 张效忠, 陶莲.品种对燕麦草产量及品质的影响[C]//第三届(2014)中国草业大会论文集, 呼和浩特:中国畜牧业协会, 2014:168-171. YANG Z M, ZHANG X Z, TAO L.Effects of varieties on yield and quality of oat hay[C]//Third session (2014) proceedings of China grass industry conference, Hohhot:China Animal Agriculture Association, 2014:168-171.(in Chinese)
[10] 庄二林, 王慧娟, 田秀娥, 等.尼龙袋法评定苜蓿和谷草的组合效应评估[J].草业学报, 2018, 27(5):201-209. ZHUANG E L, WANG H J, TIAN X E, et al.Evaluating the associate effect of alfalfa hay and millet stalks with nylon-bag technique[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(5):201-209.(in Chinese)
[11] 赫英飞.不同粗饲料配比对奶牛消化代谢和生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2007. HE Y F.The effect of different ratio forages on digestion metabolism and performance of dairy cattle[D].Master's Thesis.Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University, 2007.(in Chinese)
[12] 矣国, 王后福, 王淑玲, 等.尼龙袋法在反刍动物饲料营养价值评定中的应用[J].中国草食动物科学, 2020, 40(2):57-59, 69. YI G, WANG H F, WANG S L, et al.Analysis of the application of nylon bag method in nutritional value evaluation of ruminant feed[J].China Herbivore Science, 2020, 40(2):57-59, 69.(in Chinese)
[13] 冀一伦.实用养牛科学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2001. JI Y L.Practical cattle science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2001.(in Chinese)
[14] NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[M].7th ed.Washington, D.C.:The National Academies Press, 2001.
[15] 张永云, 杨忠, 李卫真, 等.水牛乳和荷斯坦牛乳中五种常量元素含量的测定[J].动物医学进展, 2011, 32(6):72-76. ZHANG Y Y, YANG Z, LI W Z, et al.Determination of five common elements in milk of buffalo and Holstein cow[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2011, 32(6):72-76.(in Chinese)
[16] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2007. ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and quality test technology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press, 2007.(in Chinese)
[17] 冯仰廉, ФRSKOV E R.反刍家畜降解蛋白质的研究(一)用尼龙袋法测定几种中国精饲料在瘤胃中的降解率及该方法稳定性的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志, 1984(5):4-7. FENG Y L, ФRSKOV E R.Studies on the degradation of protein by ruminants (1) the degradation rate of several Chinese concentrate in rumen and the stability of this method were determined by nylon bag method[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 1984(5):4-7.(in Chinese)
[18] ØRSKOV E R, MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1979, 92(2):499-503.  
[19] 颜品勋, 冯仰廉, 王燕兵, 等.青粗饲料通过牛瘤胃外流速度的研究[J].动物营养学报, 1994, 6(2):20-22. YAN P X, FENG Y L, WANG Y B, et al.Studies on the ruminal passage rate of roughages in steers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 1994, 6(2):20-22.(in Chinese)
[20] 李娜.小麦秸秆替代苜蓿对泌乳奶牛瘤胃消化代谢及生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学, 2018. LI N.The effect of wheat straw replacing alfalfa hay on the rumen digestion and metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows[D].Master's Thesis.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University, 2018.(in Chinese)
[21] GRUMMER R R, MASHEK D G, HAYIRLI A.Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period[J].The Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice, 2004, 20(3):447-470.  
[22] 向承西, 谢珊.日粮纤维的物理有效性对奶牛咀嚼活动、瘤胃发酵、产奶性能的影响[J].中国饲料, 2020(6):46-49. XIANG C X, XIE S.Effects of dietary physical availability fiber on chewing, rumen fermentation and milk production performance in dairy cows[J].China Feed, 2020(6):46-49.(in Chinese)
[23] 冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004. FENG Y L.Ruminant nutrition[M].Beijing:Science Press, 2004.(in Chinese)
[24] 薄玉琨, 王晓芳, 曹杰, 等.苜蓿羊草、燕麦草、全株张杂谷、发酵全株张杂谷在高产奶牛日粮中的饲喂效果比较[J].草食家畜, 2017(2):36-41. BO Y K, WANG X F, CAO J, et al.The comparison of wild alfalfa, oat hay, whole Zhang hybrid millet hay and fermented whole Zhang hybrid millet in feeding cows in peak lactation period[J].Grass-feeding Livestock, 2017(2):36-41.(in Chinese)
[25] 范铤.日粮中NDF水平及粗饲料NDF降解率对奶牛采食量及生产性能的影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学, 2014. FAN T.Effects of dietary NDF level and degradation rate of roughage NDF on feed intake and production performance of dairy cows[D].Master's Thesis.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University, 2014.(in Chinese)
[26] 倪炜.荷斯坦牛三个乳房炎抗性相关基因SNPs与乳体细胞评分及泌乳性能的关联分析[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学, 2019. NI W.Single nucleotide polymorphisms of 3 mastitis resistance related genes and their associations with milk somatic cell score and lactation traits in Holstein cows[D].Master's Thesis.Yangzhou:Yangzhou University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[27] ZOU Y, ZOU X P, LI X Z, et al.Substituting oat hay or maize silage for portion of alfalfa hay affects growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility of weaned calves[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2018, 31(3):369-378.  
[28] MOHAMMADZADEH H, YÁÑEZ-RUIZ D R, MARTÍNEZ-FERNANDEZ G, et al.Molecular comparative assessment of the microbial ecosystem in rumen and faeces of goats fed alfalfa hay alone or combined with oats[J].Anaerobe, 2014, 29:52-58.
[29] ARIZA P, BACH A, STERN M D, et al.Effects of carbohydrates from citrus pulp and hominy feed on microbial fermentation in continuous culture[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2001, 79(10):2713-2718.  
[30] 朱晓艳, 赵诚, 史莹华, 等.苜蓿青贮料替代苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能及乳品质的影响[J].草业学报, 2016, 25(5):156-164. ZHU X Y, ZHAO C, SHI Y H, et al.Effect of replacing alfalfa hay with alfalfa silage on production performance and milk quality in dairy cows[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(5):156-164.(in Chinese)
[31] 贾泽统.苜蓿与燕麦干草不同配比对奶牛生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学, 2018. JIA Z T.Effects of different proportion of alfalfa and oat hay on production performance in lactating dairy cows[D].Master's Thesis.Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University, 2018.(in Chinese)
[32] 舒曦.苹果渣对泌乳牛羊生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2010:40-41. SHU X.Effects to performance and biochemical indicator of apple pomace to milk cows & dairy goats[D].Master's Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2010:40-41.(in Chinese)
[33] CARDOZO P W, CALSAMIGLIA S, FERRET A, et al.Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2004, 82(11):3230-3236.  
[34] 莫慧诚, 杨燕宁, 林鸿.大蒜油和肉桂醛复合物对奶牛物质体外消化率、血清尿素氮以及葡萄糖的影响[J].中国饲料, 2018(2):34-37. MO H C, YANG Y N, LIN H.Effect of the compounds of garlic oil and cinnamaldehyde on digestibility of dry matter in vitro, urea nitrogen and glucose of blood serum in dairy cows[J].China Feed, 2018(2):34-37.(in Chinese)
[35] 孟娟娟, 宁鸿珍, 齐宝宁, 等.燕麦葡聚糖对高脂型大鼠肝功能及血脂水平的干预研究[J].解放军预防医学杂志, 2017, 35(11):1358-1360. MENG J J, NING H Z, QI B N, et al.Effect of oat glucan on liver function and blood lipids in high fat rats[J].Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 2017, 35(11):1358-1360.(in Chinese)
[36] 刘祥圣, 邓波波, 王阔鹏, 等.常规与非常规粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性研究[J].草业学报, 2020, 29(11):190-197. LIU X S, DENG B B, WANG K P, et al.Degradation characteristics of conventional and unconventional roughage in the rumen of dairy cows[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(11):190-197.(in Chinese)
[37] 李志威, 赵静雯, 沈思聪, 等.尼龙袋法评价香蕉叶单宁对瘤胃降解特性的影响[J].草业学报, 2019, 28(12):114-123. LI Z W, ZHAO J W, SHEN S C, et al.Effects of tannins in banana leaves on in situ digestion in dairy cows[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(12):114-123.(in Chinese)
[38] 刘桃桃, 王思伟, 李秋凤, 等.利用尼龙袋法比较3个全株玉米品种青贮前后肉牛瘤胃降解特性[J].草业学报, 2021, 30(1):159-169. LIU T T, WANG S W, LI Q F, et al.Ruminal degradation characteristics of whole maize plant material before and after ensiling in beef cattle as determined in situ using the nylon bag method[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(1):159-169.(in Chinese)
[39] 刘大林, 赵丹, 周洋, 等.不同牧草在奶牛瘤胃内的降解规律[J].草业科学, 2008, 25(2):128-131. LIU D L, ZHAO D, ZHOU Y, et al.Digestible characteristics of different forages in rumen of dairy cattle[J].Pratacultural Science, 2008, 25(2):128-131.(in Chinese)
[40] 许浩, 李翔.木质素对粗纤维瘤胃降解率的影响及提高木质素瘤胃降解率方法的研究进展[J].中国奶牛, 2017(4):1-4. XU H, LI X.Effects of lignin on rumen degradability of rough fibers and advances in methods to improve rumen degradability of lignin[J].China Dairy Cattle, 2017(4):1-4.(in Chinese)
[41] 李志强.燕麦干草质量评价[J].中国奶牛, 2013(19):1-3. LI Z Q.Quality evaluation of oat hay[J].China Dairy Cattle, 2013(19):1-3.(in Chinese)
文章导航

/