动物营养学报 >

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 12: 6876 - 6888

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.12.029

反刍与草食动物营养与饲料 RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

粗饲料来源及长度对水牛犊牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和瘤胃菌群结构的影响

  • 张洁 ,
  • 王坤 ,
  • 李浩 ,
  • 陈情情 ,
  • 邹彩霞 ,
  • 林波
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  • 1. 广西大学动物科学技术学院, 南宁 530004;
    2. 广西泰民兴牧业有限公司, 南宁 532101
张洁(1995-),女,甘肃榆中人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:970271851@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-05-13

  网络出版日期: 2021-12-16

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（31860661）；国家自然科学基金项目（31760676）

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Effects of Roughage Source and Length on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Rumen Microflora Structure of Buffalo Calves

  • ZHANG Jie ,
  • WANG Kun ,
  • LI Hao ,
  • CHEN Qingqing ,
  • ZOU Caixia ,
  • LIN Bo
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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
    2. Guangxi Tai Min Xing Pastoral Industry Co., Ltd., Nanning 532101, China

Received date: 2021-05-13

  Online published: 2021-12-16

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摘要

本试验旨在研究不同粗饲料来源及长度对水牛犊牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和瘤胃菌群结构的影响。选取32头体重为（41.90±6.31）kg、健康状况良好的（30±2）日龄的水牛公犊牛，随机分为4组，每组8头。4组水牛犊牛分别饲喂（6.0±0.5）cm象草干草（LE组）、（3.0±0.5）cm象草干草（SE组）、（6.0±0.5）cm燕麦干草（LT组）和（3.0±0.5）cm燕麦干草（ST组）粗饲料。试验预试期3 d，正试期56 d，其中正试期分为2个阶段：分别为断奶前35 d和断奶后21 d。测定水牛犊牛断奶前后粗饲料和精料的平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（F/G）等指标；测定断奶后水牛犊牛的干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、总能（GE）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）表观消化率；采集65日龄瘤胃液进行微生物测序。结果表明：1）水牛犊牛断奶前，ST组粗饲料ADFI显著高于其他3组（P<0.05），LT组ADG显著高于LE组（P<0.05），ST组F/G最小。断奶后，LT组ADG显著高于SE组和LE组（P<0.05），LT组F/G显著低于其他3组（P<0.05）。2）水牛犊牛断奶后，LT组DM、NDF表观消化率显著高于其他3组（P<0.05），ST组GE表观消化率显著低于其他3组（P<0.05），SE组CP表观消化率显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）。3）水牛犊牛断奶前，4个组水牛犊牛瘤胃细菌的优势菌门为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门。SE组放线菌门相对丰度显著高于ST组（P<0.05）。水牛犊牛瘤胃细菌的优势菌属为月形单胞菌属、氨基酸球菌属和普雷沃菌属。SE组奥尔森氏菌属和丁酸弧菌属相对丰度显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）；SE组和ST组乳杆菌属相对丰度显著高于LE组和LT组（P<0.05），锥体杆菌相对丰度显著低于LE组和LT组（P<0.05）。综上可得，水牛犊牛断奶前后补充粗饲料能够提高生长性能，粗饲料不同来源和长度对水牛犊牛影响不同。水牛犊牛断奶前后燕麦干草在促进生长性能方面比象草干草优势更大。断奶前，短燕麦干草效果最佳；断奶后，长燕麦干草效果更佳。短的粗饲料在一定程度上能够维持断奶前水牛犊牛瘤胃菌群的稳态。长燕麦干草能够提高断奶后水牛犊牛对纤维物质的消化率。

关键词： 水牛犊牛; 粗饲料来源; 粗饲料长度; 生长性能; 瘤胃菌群结构

本文引用格式

张洁 , 王坤 , 李浩 , 陈情情 , 邹彩霞 , 林波 . 粗饲料来源及长度对水牛犊牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和瘤胃菌群结构的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(12) : 6876 -6888 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.12.029

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different roughage sources and lengths on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and rumen microflora structure of buffalo calves. Thirty-two healthy (30±2)-day-old male buffalo calves with body weight of (41.90±6.31) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 calves per group. The buffalo calves in four groups were fed (6.0±0.5) cm elephant grass hay (LE group), (3.0±0.5) cm elephant grass hay (SE group), (6.0±0.5) cm oat hay (LT group) and (3.0±0.5) cm oat hay (ST group) roughage, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 3 days, and the trial period lasted for 56 days. And the trial period was divided into two stages:35 days before weaning and 21 days after weaning, respectively. The average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) of roughage and concentrate were measured for buffalo calves before and after weaning, the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of post-weaned buffalo calves was determined, and the rumen fluid at 65 days of age was collected for microbial sequencing. The results showed as follows:1) before weaning, the ADFI of roughage in ST group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P<0.05), the ADG in LT group was significantly higher than that in LE group (P<0.05), and the F/G in ST group was the lowest. After weaning, the ADG in LT group was significantly higher than that in SE and LE groups (P<0.05), and the F/G in LT group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). 2) After weaning, the apparent digestibility of DM and NDF in LT group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of GE in ST group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P<0.05), and the apparent digestibility of CP in SE group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). 3) Before weaning, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phylum in rumen bacterial of buffalo calves in four groups. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in SE group was significantly higher than that in ST group (P<0.05). Selenomonas, Acidaminococcus and Prevotella were the dominant genus in rumen bacterial of buffalo calves. The relative abundances of Olsenella and Butyrivibrio in SE group were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.05); the relative abundances of Lactobacillus in SE and ST groups were significantly higher than those in LE and LT groups (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Pyramidobacter was significantly lower than that in LE and LT groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, it can be concluded that supplementation of roughage for pre- and post-weaning buffalo calves can improve growth performance, and different sources and lengths of roughage have different effects on buffalo calves. Oat hay is more advantageous than elephant grass hay in promoting growth performance of pre- and post-weaning buffalo calves. Before weaning, short oat hay works the best; after weaning, long oat hay is more effective. The short roughage is able to maintain the pre-weaning buffalo calf rumen flora homeostasis to some extent. Long oat hay can improve the digestibility of fibrous material in post-weaning buffalo calves.

Key words： buffalo calves; source of roughage; length of roughage; growth performance; rumen microflora structure

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