研究简报 SHORT COMMUNICATION

饲粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维对高原型育肥藏羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物多样性的影响

  • 李蒋伟 ,
  • 桂林生 ,
  • 周力 ,
  • 侯生珍 ,
  • 王志有 ,
  • 杨葆春 ,
  • 马博妍
展开
  • 青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016
李蒋伟(1996-),男,山西晋中人,硕士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail:jiangwei960607@163.com

收稿日期: 2021-05-06

  网络出版日期: 2021-12-16

基金资助

黑藏羊生长发育关键基因挖掘及开发研究(2020GN118);青海省农牧科技创新羊产业科技研发平台(QNKP-2017-06-01)

Effects of Dietary Different Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate/Neutral Detergent Fiber on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Diversity of Plateau-Type Fattening Tibetan Sheep

  • LI Jiangwei ,
  • GUI Linsheng ,
  • ZHOU Li ,
  • HOU Shengzhen ,
  • WANG Zhiyou ,
  • YANG Baochun ,
  • MA Boyan
Expand
  • College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received date: 2021-05-06

  Online published: 2021-12-16

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维(NFC/NDF)对高原型育肥藏羊生长发育、瘤胃发酵及微生物多样性的影响。选取3月龄健康、体重[(22.14±0.02)kg]相近的高原型藏羊母羔210只,随机分为7组,每组30只。各组分别饲喂NFC/NDF为2.86(Ⅰ组)、2.69(Ⅱ组)、2.42(Ⅲ组)、2.06(Ⅳ组)、1.88(Ⅴ组)、1.63(Ⅵ组)和1.43(Ⅶ组)的试验饲粮。预试期10 d,正试期90 d。试验结束后,测定各组试验羊的终末体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量。此外,每组随机选择3只试验羊屠宰并采集瘤胃液,测定其挥发性脂肪酸含量以及微生物菌落组成。结果表明:1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组终末体重显著高于Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅰ、Ⅱ组瘤胃内氨态氮含量显著高于Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组瘤胃内乙酸含量显著低于Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组瘤胃内丙酸含量显著高于Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组瘤胃内丁酸含量显著高于Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组瘤胃内总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)真菌方面,Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组瘤胃内丛赤壳科(Nectriaceae)、隔孢伏革菌科(Peniophoraceae)和毛球壳科(Lasiosphaeriaceae)相对丰度显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅴ组瘤胃内曲霉科(Aspergillaceae)和黏毛菌科(Myxotrichaceae)相对丰度显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组瘤胃内蜡壳耳科(Sebacinaceae)相对丰度显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。4)细菌方面,Ⅴ、Ⅶ组瘤胃内奎因菌属(Quinella)相对丰度显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅵ组瘤胃内克里斯滕菌科_R-7_群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组瘤胃内瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214_群(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组瘤胃内普雷沃菌属_1(Prevotella_1)相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅶ组瘤胃内毛螺菌科_NK3A20_群(Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group)相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组瘤胃内鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)相对丰度显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮NFC/NDF对高原型育肥藏羊生长发育、瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量以及微生物多样性有一定影响,当饲粮NFC/NDF为2.69时,不仅能够促进高原型育肥藏羊生长发育,同时也能够促进瘤胃发酵并提高微生物多样性。

本文引用格式

李蒋伟 , 桂林生 , 周力 , 侯生珍 , 王志有 , 杨葆春 , 马博妍 . 饲粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维对高原型育肥藏羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物多样性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021 , 33(12) : 7180 -7191 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.12.057

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary different non-fibrous carbohydrate/neutral detergent fiber (NFC/NDF) on growth performance, rumen fermentation and microbial diversity of plateau-type fattening Tibetan sheep. A total of 210 healthy 3-month-old Tibetan female lambs with similar body weight[(22.14±0.02) kg] were randomly divided into 7 groups with 30 lambs per group. Lambs in 7 groups were fed experimental diets with NFC/NDF of 2.86 (group Ⅰ), 2.69 (group Ⅱ), 2.42 (group Ⅲ), 2.06 (group Ⅳ), 1.88 (group Ⅴ), 1.63 (group Ⅵ) and 1.43 (group Ⅶ), respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days, and the experimental period lasted for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, the final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake of each group were determined. Additionally, three individuals from each group were slaughtered and collected the rumen fluid, the volatile fatty acid content and microbial colony composition were detected. The results showed as follows:1) the final body weight of groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ (P<0.05), and the average daily gain of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ (P<0.05). 2) The rumen ammoniacal nitrogen content of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ (P<0.05), the rumen acetate content of group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ (P<0.05), the rumen propionate content of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅶ (P<0.05), the rumen butyrate of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅶ (P<0.05), and the rumen total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). 3) For the fungi, the relative abundances of Nectriaceae, Peniophoraceae and Lasiosphaeriaceae in rumen of groups Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ were significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05), the relative abundances of Aspergillaceae and Myxotrichaceae in rumen of group Ⅴ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05), and the rumen Sebacinaceae relative abundance of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). 4) For the bacteria, the rumen Quinella relative abundance of groups Ⅴ and Ⅶ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05), the rumen Christensenellaceae_R-7_group relative abundance of group Ⅵ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), the rumen Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group relative abundance of groups Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), the rumen Prevotella_1 relative abundance of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), the rumen Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group relative abundance of group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the rumen Sphingomonas relative abundance of groups Ⅴ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary NFC/NDF has a certain effect on growth and development, rumen volatile fatty acid content and microbial diversity of plateau-type fattening Tibetan sheep. When dietary NFC/NDF is 2.69, it can not only promote growth and development of plateau-type fattening Tibetan sheep, but also promote rumen fermentation and improve microbial diversity.

参考文献

[1] WANG C,WU J,CASPER D,et al.PSXV-13 Rumen fermentation and rumen microorganism enzymes activity of Oura-type Tibetan sheep in different seasons[J].Journal of Animal Science,2018,96(S3):470.
[2] ZHOU J W,JING X P,DEGEN A A,et al.Effect of level of oat hay intake on apparent digestibility,rumen fermentation and urinary purine derivatives in Tibetan and fine-wool sheep[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,241:112-120.
[3] AKIN D E,WINDHAM W R.Influence of diet on rumen fungi[M].New South Wales:Penambulbooks Armidale,1989:75-82.
[4] 朱永涛,刘巍峰,王禄山,等.不依赖微生物培养的纤维素降解酶及基因资源的挖掘[J].生物工程学报,2009,25(12):1838-1843. ZHU Y T,LIU W F,WANG L S,et al.Cultrue-independent digging of cellulases and genes from natural environments[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2009,25(12):1838-1843.(in Chinese)
[5] AKIN D E,BORNEMAN W S,LYON C E.Degradation of leaf blades and stems by monocentric and polycentric isolates of ruminal fungi[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1990,31(3/4):205-221.
[6] 占今舜,杨群,胡耀,等.日粮精粗比对湖羊瘤胃发酵和菌群结构的影响[J].草业学报,2020,29(7):122-130. ZHAN J S,YANG Q,HU Y,et al.Effects of dietary concentration:roughage ratio on rumen fermentation and flora population structure in Hu sheep[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2020,29(7):122-130.(in Chinese)
[7] 张洁,李娜,郭婷婷,等.ITS rDNA高通量测序研究不同饲养方式对滩羊瘤胃真菌菌群的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2019,54(5):25-34. ZHANG J,LI N,GUO T T,et al.Effects of different feeding methods on rumen fungus flora of Tan sheep by high-throughput sequencing of ITS rDNA[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2019,54(5):25-34.(in Chinese)
[8] 谢明欣,李常瑞,杨晓东,等.不同精粗比饲粮条件下复合益生菌对绵羊瘤胃微生物种群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(9):4418-4428. XIE M X,LI C R,YANG X D,et al.Effects of compound probiotics on rumen microbial population in sheep fed different concentrate to roughage ratio diets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(9):4418-4428.(in Chinese)
[9] WANG Y Y,SHEN Q M,ZHONG S,et al.Comparison of rumen microbiota and serum biochemical indices in white cashmere goats fed ensiled or sun-dried mulberry leaves[J].Microorganisms,2020,8(7):981.
[10] WANG L J,ZHANG G N,LI Y,et al.Effects of high forage/concentrate diet on volatile fatty acid production and the microorganisms involved in VFA production in cow rumen[J].Animals,2020,10(2):223.
[11] 张建勋,刘江波,薛白,等.饲粮精粗比对南江黄羊瘤胃体外发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(4):870-877. ZHANG J X,LIU J B,XUE B,et al.Forage to concentrate ratio:effects on rumen fermentation in Nanjiang brown goats in vitro[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(4):870-877.(in Chinese)
[12] RAJENDHRAN J,GUNASEKARAN P.Microbial phylogeny and diversity:small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence analysis and beyond[J].Microbiological Research,2011,166(2):99-110.  
[13] 中华人民共和国农业部.肉羊饲养标准:NY/T 816-2004[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004. The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China.Feeding standard of meat-producing sheep and goats:NY/T 816-2004[S].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2004.
[14] KANG S,DENMAN S E,MORRISON M,et al.An efficient RNA extraction method for estimating gut microbial diversity by polymerase chain reaction[J].Current Microbiology,2009,58(5):464-471.  
[15] 袁翠林,朱亚骏,林英庭,等.饲料中中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维不同测定方法的比较[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014,12(4):62-64,67. YUAN C L,ZHU Y J,LIN Y T,et al.Comparison of different methods on the determination of NDF and ADF in feed[J].Cereal & Feed Industry,2014,12(4):62-64,67.(in Chinese)
[16] 冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010(6):37. FENG Z C,GAO M.Improvement of the method of measuring ammonia nitrogen content in rumen liquid by colorimetry[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2010(6):37.(in Chinese)
[17] 王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2011:139-141. WANG J Q.Research methods of ruminant nutrition[M].Beijing:Modern Education Press,2011:139-141(in Chinese)
[18] 李蒋伟,桂林生,王志有,等.饲粮精粗比对早期断奶藏羔羊生长性能及肠道组织形态的影响[J].饲料研究,2020,43(11):6-9. LI J W,GUI L S,WANG Z Y,et al.Effect of diet concentrate to roughage ratio on growth performance and intestinal tissue morphology of early weaned Tibetan lamb[J].Feed Research,2020,43(11):6-9.(in Chinese)
[19] 杨宏波,刘红,占今舜,等.不同精粗比颗粒饲料对断奶公犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):131-138. YANG H B,LIU H,ZHAN J S,et al.Effects of diet pellets with different concentrate-roughage ratios on rumen fermenta-tion parameters and microorganism abundance in weaned bull calves[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(12):131-138.(in Chinese)
[20] 鲍宏云,闫素梅,乔良,等.日粮精粗比与VA添加水平对奶牛体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,32(9/10):82-87. BAO H Y,YAN S M,QIAO L,et al.Effects of dietary concentrate to forage ratio and VA addition level on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of dairy cows[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2011,32(9/10):82-87.(in Chinese)
[21] 娜仁花,董红敏,陈永杏,等.日粮精粗比对瘤胃发酵特性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(9):49-54. NA R H,DONG H M,CHEN Y X,et al.Effect of dietary concentrate to crude ratio on rumen fermentation characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2011,47(9):49-54.(in Chinese)
[22] MA T,DENG K D,TU Y,et al.Effect of dietary forage-to-concentrate ratios on urinary excretion of purine derivatives and microbial nitrogen yields in the rumen of Dorper crossbred sheep[J].Livestock Science,2014,160:37-44.
[23] ANANTASOOK N,WANAPAT M,CHERDTHONG A,et al.Effect of plants containing secondary compounds with palm oil on feed intake,digestibility,microbial protein synthesis and microbial population in dairy cows[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2013,26(6):820-826.  
[24] 杨艳,瞿明仁,欧阳克蕙,等.逐步提高精粗比及其对锦江黄牛瘤胃发酵及酸代谢的影响[J].饲料研究,2013(10):4-8. YANG Y,QU M R,OUYANG K H,et al.Increasing concentrate to roughage ratio and its effect on rumen fermentation and acid metabolism of Jinjiang yellow cattle[J].Feed Research,2013(10):4-8.(in Chinese)
[25] 崔安,李振,曹阳春,等.不同精粗比日粮对秦川肉牛甲烷产量和瘤胃发酵的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(9):35-40. CUI A,LI Z,CAO Y C,et al.Effect of different concentrate to forage ratio of diet on methane emission and rumen fermentation for Qinchuan beef cattle[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2016,37(9):35-40.(in Chinese)
[26] KUNG L,Jr,SHEPERD A C,SMAGALA A M,et al.The effect of preservatives based on propionic acid on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage and a total mixed ration[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(5):1322-1330.  
[27] 付子琳,陈林,李娜,等.不同饲养模式下成年滩羊瘤胃真菌多样性及菌群结构的变化[J].中国畜牧杂志,2020,56(9):209-213. FU Z L,CHEN L,LI N,et al.Changes of rumen fungal diversity and microbial community structure in adult Tan sheep under different feeding patterns[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2020,56(9):209-213.(in Chinese)
[28] 王彩蝶,李钰琪,屯妮萨·麦提赛伊迪,等.醋酸棉酚对绵羊瘤胃液真菌多样性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(7):3374-3382. WANG C D,LI Y Q,MAITISAIYIDI T N S,et al.Effects of gossypol acetic acid on rumen fungi diversity of sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3374-3382.(in Chinese)
[29] LEE J S,NAM B,LEE H B,et al.Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal the underestimated diversity of Mortierella (Mortierellales) in Korea[J].The Korean Journal of Mycology,2018,46(4):375-382.
[30] 于伽,同仲彬,严昌国,等.日粮添加多不饱和脂肪酸对延边黄牛瘤胃微生物体外发酵特性及甲烷生成量的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(18):33-38. YU G,TONG Z B,YAN C G,et al.Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on in vitro fermentation characteristics and methane production of rumen microorganisms in Yanbian cattle[J].Feed Research,2015(18):33-38.(in Chinese)
[31] 庄文颖.我国丛赤壳类真菌分类研究[J].生命科学,2010,22(11):1083-1085. ZHUANG W Y.Taxonomy and related studies on the nectrioid fungi from China[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2010,22(11):1083-1085.(in Chinese)
[32] KOIKE S,KOBAYASHI Y.Fibrolytic rumen bacteria:their ecology and functions[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2009,22(1):131-138.  
[33] ROSENBERG E.The family Prevotellaceae[M]//ROSENBERG E,DELONG E F,LORY S,et al.The prokaryotes.Heidelberg:Springer,2014:825-827.
[34] 韩旭峰.日龄、日粮精粗比对陕北白绒山羊瘤胃微生物区系影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015. HAN X F.Effects of age and dietary forage-to-concentrate ratios on rumen microbial flora of the Shaanbei white-cashmere goat[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2015.(in Chinese)
文章导航

/