研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

奶牛常用蛋白质饲料和粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性研究

  • 王吉东 ,
  • 周春元 ,
  • 吕佳颖 ,
  • 姚琨 ,
  • 李胜利
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  • 1. 中国农业大学动物科学技术学院, 北京 100193;
    2. 天津嘉立荷饲料有限公司, 天津 301800
王吉东(1997-),男,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物营养专业研究。E-mail:2602066598@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-06-02

  网络出版日期: 2022-02-15

基金资助

现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-36);中国农业大学2115人才工程资助

Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Common Protein Feeds and Roughages of Dairy Cows

  • WANG Jidong ,
  • ZHOU Chunyuan ,
  • LYU Jiaying ,
  • YAO Kun ,
  • LI Shengli
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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. Tianjin Jialihe Feed Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301800, China

Received date: 2021-06-02

  Online published: 2022-02-15

摘要

本研究旨在评定不同蛋白质饲料(豆粕、双低菜籽粕、膨化大豆、玉米蛋白粉、棉籽粕)和粗饲料(苜蓿干草、全株玉米青贮、燕麦草、苜蓿青贮、羊草)的营养价值,并研究其奶牛瘤胃降解特性。选择5头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦牛,采用尼龙袋评定法评定饲料瘤胃有效降解率和动态降解率。结果表明:1)各蛋白质饲料干物质(DM)含量差异不显著(P>0.05),玉米蛋白粉粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著高于其他蛋白质饲料(P<0.05)。2)苜蓿青贮和全株玉米青贮DM含量显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),苜蓿干草和苜蓿青贮CP含量显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),苜蓿干草和苜蓿青贮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),苜蓿干草、苜蓿青贮和全株玉米青贮酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。3)豆粕DM有效降解率显著高于其他蛋白质饲料(P<0.05),玉米蛋白粉CP有效降解率显著低于其他蛋白质饲料(P<0.05)。4)苜蓿干草、燕麦草和苜蓿青贮DM有效降解率显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),苜蓿干草CP有效降解率显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),羊草NDF和ADF有效降解率显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),全株玉米青贮和苜蓿干草ADF有效降解率显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。由此可见,蛋白质饲料中,豆粕DM有效降解率最高,玉米蛋白粉CP有效降解率最低;粗饲料中,苜蓿干草和苜蓿青贮更容易在奶牛瘤胃中消化,全株玉米青贮不仅可提供NDF和ADF,且NDF和ADF有效降解率较高。

本文引用格式

王吉东 , 周春元 , 吕佳颖 , 姚琨 , 李胜利 . 奶牛常用蛋白质饲料和粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(2) : 1000 -1013 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.02.032

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional value of different protein feeds (soybean meal, canola meal, expanded soybean, corn gluten meal and cottonseed meal) and roughages (alfalfa hay, whole corn silage, oat hay, alfalfa silage and Leymus chinensis), and to study their rumen degradation characteristics. Five healthy Holstein cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulas were used to evaluated rumen effective degradability and dynamic degradability of feeds by nylon bag method. The results showed as follows:1) there was no significant difference in dry matter (DM) content among 5 protein feeds (P>0.05), the crude protein (CP) content of corn gluten meal was significantly higher than that of other protein feeds (P<0.05). 2) The DM content of alfalfa silage and whole corn silage was significantly lower than that of other roughages (P<0.05), the CP content of alfalfa hay and alfalfa silage was significantly higher than that of other roughages (P<0.05), the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of alfalfa hay and alfalfa silage was significantly lower than that of other roughages (P<0.05), and the acid detergent fiber (NDF) content of alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage and whole corn silage was significantly lower than that of other roughages (P<0.05). 3) The DM effective degradability of soybean meal was significantly higher than that of other protein feeds (P<0.05), and the CP effective degradability of corn gluten meal was significantly lower than that of other protein feeds (P<0.05). 4) The DM effective degradability of alfalfa hay, oat hay and alfalfa silage was significantly higher than that of other roughages (P<0.05), the CP effective degradability of alfalfa hay was significantly higher than that of other roughages (P<0.05), the NDF and ADF effective degradability of Leymus chinensis was significantly lower than that of other roughages (P<0.05), and the ADF effective degradability of whole corn silage and alfalfa hay was significantly lower than that of other roughages (P<0.05). In conclusion, in protein feeds, the DM effective degradability of soybean meal is the highest, and the CP effective degradability of corn gluten meal is the lowest; in roughages, the alfalfa hay and alfalfa silage are easier to digest in the rumen of dairy cows, the whole corn silage not only provides the NDF and ADF, and the NDF and ADF effective degradability is higher.

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