研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

羽毛降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

  • 杨可心 ,
  • 刘国华 ,
  • 郭宝珠 ,
  • 郑爱娟 ,
  • 陈志敏 ,
  • 常文环 ,
  • 王泽栋 ,
  • 蔡辉益
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  • 中国农业科学院饲料研究所, 农业部生物饲料重点实验室, 北京 100081
杨可心(1995-),女,北京人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:Helen_Yangkx@163.com

收稿日期: 2021-06-14

  网络出版日期: 2022-02-15

基金资助

国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0501406)

Screening of Feather-Degrading Bacteria and Its Degradation Characteristics

  • YANG Kexin ,
  • LIU Guohua ,
  • GUO Baozhu ,
  • ZHENG Aijuan ,
  • CHEN Zhimin ,
  • CHANG Wenhuan ,
  • WANG Zedong ,
  • CAI Huiyi
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  • Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2021-06-14

  Online published: 2022-02-15

摘要

本试验旨在从实验室保藏菌株中筛选出可用于羽毛降解的菌株并优化其培养条件,应用于羽毛的生物降解。以酪蛋白培养基进行菌株初筛,以羽毛为唯一有机营养源制作的羽毛培养基进行菌株复筛;通过细菌形态学观察和16S rDNA序列测定进行菌株鉴定,并对所筛菌株在羽毛培养基中的培养条件进行优化研究。结果表明:1)通过酪蛋白培养基筛选出8株能产生降解圈且透明度高的菌株。2)通过单根羽毛培养基和羽毛降解液指标测定联合方法筛选出1株可3 d降解羽毛、产可溶性蛋白的菌株NLG1。3)经鉴定并命名为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌NLG1(Bacillus velezensis NLG1)。4)菌株NLG1培养优化条件为羽毛底物浓度2.5%(m/v),初始pH 10,接种活菌数109 CFU/mL,温度27℃,外加碳源为可溶性淀粉,发酵时间3 d。5)优化条件下降解羽毛,测得发酵液中可溶性蛋白含量为(32.76±0.07)μg/mL,水解氨基酸总量由27.41 mg/g提升到112.18 mg/g,测得游离氨基酸及衍生物的种类由25种增加至31种(增加的氨基酸为胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、α-氨基丁酸、β-氨基异丁酸、β-丙氨酸),总量提高到66.33 mg/g。综上所述,本试验筛选出1株可降解羽毛的天然菌株——贝莱斯芽孢杆菌NLG1,并明确了该菌株降解羽毛培养优化条件,在此条件下降解羽毛,提高了发酵液中水解氨基酸、游离氨基酸及衍生物总量,改善了羽毛的营养价值。

本文引用格式

杨可心 , 刘国华 , 郭宝珠 , 郑爱娟 , 陈志敏 , 常文环 , 王泽栋 , 蔡辉益 . 羽毛降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(2) : 1313 -1324 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.02.063

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to screen out the strains which could be used for feather degradation from the strains preserved in the laboratory, and optimize the culture conditions for feather biodegradation. Casein medium was used for primary screening and feather medium used as the only organic nutrient source for secondary screening; through bacterial morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence identification for strain identification, and optimization of the culture conditions of the screened strains in feather medium. The results showed as follows:1) 8 strains that could produce casein degradation circles and had high transparency were screened out through casein medium. 2) A strain NLG1 that can degrade feather and produce soluble protein in 3 days was re-screened by the combined method of single feather culture medium and feather degradation liquid index determination. 3) It was identified and named as Bacillus velezensis NLG1. 4) The optimization of the culture conditions in the feather medium of the strain NLG1 was carried out, and the results were that feather substrate concentration was 2.5% (m/v), initial pH was 10, inoculated viable bacteria number was 109 CFU/mL, temperature was 27℃, additional carbon source was soluble starch, fermentation time was 3 days. 5) After the optimization of feather degradation conditions, the soluble protein content in the fermentation broth was measured to be (32.76±0.07) μg/mL; there were 17 types of amino acids in the supernatant, and the total content of amino acids after fermentation increased from 27.41 to 112.18 mg/g. At the same time, the types of free amino acids and metabolites increased from 26 to 31, and the content of most free amino acids and metabolites increased. In conclusion, a natural bacterial strain, Bacillus velezensis NLG1, which can degrade feathers, is screened out in this experiment, and the optimal conditions for feather degradation are defined. Under these conditions, total contents of hydrolyzed amino acids, free amino acids and derivatives in fermentation broth are increased, improving the nutritional value of feather.

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