动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 3: 1592 - 1603

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.03.022

研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

奶牛对不同糟渣类饲料营养成分的瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率对比研究

  • 王敬林 ,
  • 魏元浩 ,
  • 赵国琦
展开
  • 1. 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院, 扬州 225009;
    2. 扬州大学农业科技发展研究院, 扬州 225009;
    3. 扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室, 扬州 225009
王敬林(1995-),男,甘肃白银人,硕士研究生,动物营养与饲料科学专业。E-mail:1763903275@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-08-12

  网络出版日期: 2022-03-14

基金资助

现代农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-36）；国家自然科学基金项目（31972589）；重点研发子课题奶牛饲草饲料型TMR

收起

Comparative Study on Rumen Degradation Rates and Small Intestinal Digestibilities of Nutrients of Different Residue Feeds of Dairy Cows

  • WANG Jinglin ,
  • WEI Yuanhao ,
  • ZHAO Guoqi
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
    2. Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
    3. Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received date: 2021-08-12

  Online published: 2022-03-14

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在对比奶牛对不同糟渣类饲料（玉米酒糟、高粱酒糟、醋糟、糖糟、啤酒糟）的营养成分瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率。选用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛，用尼龙袋法测定干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、必需氨基酸（EAA）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）在不同时间点的瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率。结果表明：1）玉米酒糟、啤酒糟、糖糟中CP含量显著高于高粱酒糟、醋糟（P<0.05），醋糟中NDF、ADF含量显著高于其他4种糟渣类饲料（P<0.05），玉米酒糟中蛋氨酸（Met）含量均显著高于其他4种糟渣类饲料（P<0.05），玉米酒糟、糖糟中赖氨酸（Lys）含量均显著高于其他3种糟渣类饲料（P<0.05）。2）玉米酒糟、啤酒糟、糖糟的DM有效降解率显著高于其他2种糟渣类饲料（P<0.05）；玉米酒糟、糖糟的CP有效降解率显著高于其他3种糟渣类饲料（P<0.05）；啤酒糟的Met瘤胃降解率显著高于高粱酒糟和醋糟（P<0.05）；醋糟的NDF和ADF有效降解率最高，且NDF显著有效降解率高于高粱酒糟和糖糟（P<0.05）；糖糟的NDF和ADF瘤胃降解率最低，且ADF瘤胃降解率显著低于其他4种糟渣类饲料（P<0.05）。3）玉米酒糟、糖糟、啤酒糟的过瘤胃CP小肠消化率差异不显著（P>0.05），但高于其他2种糟渣类饲料。玉米酒糟、糖糟、啤酒糟的Met、Lys小肠消化率差异不显著（P>0.05），但Lys小肠消化率显著高于高粱酒糟和醋糟（P<0.05），Met小肠消化率显著高于高粱酒糟（P<0.05）。综上所述，糖糟、啤酒糟的瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率与玉米酒糟相近，在一定程度上可替代玉米酒糟作为糟渣类蛋白质饲料。

关键词： 糟渣; 瘤胃降解率; 小肠消化率; 尼龙袋

本文引用格式

王敬林 , 魏元浩 , 赵国琦 . 奶牛对不同糟渣类饲料营养成分的瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率对比研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(3) : 1592 -1603 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.03.022

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the rumen degradation rates and small intestinal digestibilities of nutrients of different residue feeds (corn distiller's grains, sorghum distiller's grains, vinegar less, sugar grains and beer grains). Three Chinese Holstein cows with permanent rumen fistula were selected, and using the nylon bag method to determine the rumen degradation rates and small intestinal digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), essential amino acids (EAA), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) at different time points. The results showed as follows:1) the content of CP in corn distiller's grains, beer grains and sugar grains was significantly higher than that in sorghum distiller's grains and vinegar less (P<0.05), the contents of NDF and ADF of vinegar lees were significantly higher than those in other four kinds of residue feeds (P<0.05), the content of methionine (Met) in corn distiller's grains was significantly higher than that in other four kinds of residue feeds (P<0.05), and the content of lysine (Lys) in corn distiller's grains and sugar grains was significantly higher than that in the other three kinds of residue feeds (P<0.05). 2) The DM effective degradation rate of corn distiller's grains, beer grains and sugar grains was significantly higher than that of the other two kinds of residue feeds (P<0.05); the CP effective degradation rate of corn distiller's grains and sugar grains was significantly higher than that of the other three kinds of residue feeds (P<0.05); the Met rumen degradation rate of beer grains was significantly higher than that of sorghum distiller's grains and vinegar less (P<0.05); the effective degradation rates of NDF and ADF of vinegar lees were the highest, and the NDF effective degradation rate was significantly higher than that of sorghum distiller's grains and sugar grains (P<0.05); the effective degradation rates of NDF and ADF of sugar grains were the lowest, and the ADF effective degradation rate was significantly lower than that of other four kinds of residue feeds (P<0.05). 3) There was no significant difference in the small intestinal digestibility of rumen bypass CP of corn distiller's grains, sugar grains and beer grains (P>0.05), but it was higher than the other two kinds of residue feeds. There was no significant difference in small intestinal digestibility of Met and Lys of corn distiller's grains, sugar grains and beer grains (P>0.05), but the Lys small intestinal digestibility was significantly higher than that of sorghum distiller's grains and vinegar lees (P<0.05), and the Met small intestinal digestibility was significantly higher than that of sorghum distiller's grains (P<0.05). In conclusion, the sugar grains, beer grains have similar rumen degradation rates and small intestinal digestibilities with corn distiller's grains, which can replace corn distiller's grains as residue protein feeds to a certain extent.

Key words： residue; rumen reduction rates; small intestinal digestibilities; nylon bag

参考文献

[1] 陈芳,张琪.畜牧业可持续发展问题的探讨[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2006,27(3):29-32. CHEN F,ZHANG Q.Discussion on sustainable development of animal husbandry[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2006,27(3):29-32.(in Chinese)
[2] 靳玲品.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定方法的比较研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2013. JIN L P.Comparation of nutritionnal value evaluation method in common roughage for ruminants[D].Master's Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013.(in Chinese)
[3] 耿爽,王斯佳.非常规饲料资源开发的思路与方法[J].饲料研究,2020,43(5):97-100. GENG S,WANG S J.Research ideas and methods on development of unconventional feed resource[J].Feed Research,2020,43(5):97-100.(in Chinese)
[4] 陈鑫珠,刘景,陈炳钿,等.非常规饲料资源的开发利用成效分析与发展对策[J].中国草食动物科学,2020,40(1):56-60. CHEN X Z,LIU J,CHEN B D,et al.Effect analysis and development countermeasures of development and utilization of unconventional feed resources[J].China Herbivore Science,2020,40(1):56-60.(in Chinese)
[5] 陈艳.肉牛常用饲料营养价值评定[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014. CHEN Y.Nutritive evaluation of commonly used feedstuffs for beef cattle[D].Master's Thesis.Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[6] 张乐乐,胡文婷,王宝维.玉米酒槽粕在动物营养中的研究进展[J].北方牧业,2010(20):24-25. ZHANG L L,HU W T,WANG B W.Research progress of corn wine residue in animal nutrition[J].Northern Animal Husbandry,2010(20):24-25.(in Chinese)
[7] 杨庆文,彭晓光,杨林娥,等.醋糟的开发与利用[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(2):44-46. YANG Q W,PENG X G,YANG L E,et al.The utilisation of vinegar-waste[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(2):44-46.(in Chinese)
[8] 赵芸君,刘娜娜,王培基,等.我国利用糟渣类资源生产蛋白饲料的研究进展[J].草食家畜,2009(4):51-54. ZHAO Y J,LIU N N,WANG P J,et al.Study on the production of protein feed through using pomace and pulp[J].Grass-Feeding Livestock,2009(4):51-54.(in Chinese)
[9] 王文杰.奶牛非常规饲料资源的开发与利用[J].中国乳业,2013(4):27-29. WANG W J.Development and utilization of unconventional feed resources for dairy cows[J].China Dairy,2013(4):27-29.(in Chinese)
[10] KAUR R,GARCIA S C,FULKERSON W J,et al.Degradation kinetics of leaves,petioles and stems of forage rape (Brassica napus) as affected by maturity[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,168(3/4):165-178.
[11] VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 991,74(10):3583-3597.
[12] 岳群,杨红建,谢春元,等.应用移动尼龙袋法和三步法评定反刍家畜常用饲料的蛋白质小肠消化率[J].中国农业大学学报,2007,12(6):62-66. YUE Q,YANG H J,XIE C Y,et al.Estimation of protein intestinal digestibility of ruminant feedstuffs with mobile nylon bag technique and three-step in vitro procedure[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2007,12(6):62-66.(in Chinese)
[13] GARGALLO S,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A.Technical note:a modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of proteins[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(8):2163-2167.  
[14] 冯仰廉,周建民,张晓明,等.我国奶牛饲料产奶净能值测算方法的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,1987(1):8-11. FENG Y L,ZHOU J M,ZHANG X M,et al.Study on the calculation method of feed milk net energy of dairy cows in China[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,1987(1):8-11.(in Chinese)
[15] ØRSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.  
[16] 颜志辉,王加启,卜登攀,等.不同产地玉米干酒糟及其可溶物奶牛瘤胃降解规律研究[C]//首届中国奶业大会论文集.青岛:中国奶业协会,2010:191-194. YAN Z H,WANG J Q,BU D P,et al.Study on the rumen degradation law of corn dry distiller's grains and its soluble substances in dairy cows from different producing areas[C]//Proceedings of the first China dairy conference.Qingdao:Dairy Association of China,2010:191-194.(in Chinese)
[17] 颜品勋,冯仰廉,王燕兵,等.青粗饲料通过牛瘤胃外流速度的研究[C]//第三届全国反刍动物营养学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2011:24-26. YAN P X,FENG Y L,WANG Y B,et al.Study on the outflow rate of green roughage through cattle rumen[C]//Proceedings of the third national ruminant nutrition symposium.Beijing:Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2011:24-26.(in Chinese)
[18] 李倩,裴朝曦,王之盛,等.不同类型酒糟营养成分组成差异的比较研究[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(6):2369-2376. LI Q,PEI Z X,WANG Z S,et al.Comparative study on nutrients compositions of different types of distillers' grains[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(6):2369-2376.(in Chinese)
[19] 宋曾廷,董晓芳,佟建明,等.醋糟的营养价值及其在饲料生产中的应用[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(9):73-76. SONG Z T,DONG X F,TONG J M,et al.Research advances in nutritional value and application of waste vinegar residue in feedstuff[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2011,47(9):73-76.(in Chinese)
[20] 刘倩,符潮,周传社,等.反刍动物瘤胃微生物限制性氨基酸代谢研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(2):83-87. LIU Q,FU C,ZHOU C S,et al.Research advances in limiting amino acid metabolism of microorganisms in the rumen[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2017,38(2):83-87.(in Chinese)
[21] 温永亮,张变英,刘华栋.醋糟营养价值评定及利用前景[J].饲料研究,2020,43(5):68-71. WEN Y L,ZHANG B Y,LIU H D.Evaluation of nutritional value of vinegar residues and utilization prospect[J].Feed Research,2020,43(5):68-71.(in Chinese)
[22] 李春雷.奶牛常用粗饲料营养价值评定[D].硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014. LI C L.Evaluation of the nutritive value of common feedstuffs in dairy cows[D].Master's Thesis.Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[23] 张颖,刘艳春.6种常用饲料原料在肉牛瘤胃内降解规律的研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2020,52(1):27-31. ZHANG Y,LIU Y C.Study on degradation of six common feedstuffs in the rumen of beef cattle[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2020,52(1):27-31.(in Chinese)
[24] 侯玉洁.不同粗饲料降解特性及对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2014. HOU Y J.Rumen degradation characteristics of forages and NDF sources on dairy cows performance and blood biochemical parameters[D].Master's Thesis.Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2014.(in Chinese)
[25] MERCHEN N,HANSON T,KLOPFENSTEIN T.Ruminal bypass of brewers dried grains protein[J].Journal of Animal Science,1979,49(1):192-198.  
[26] KAJIKAWA H,MITSUMORI M,OHMOMO S.Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of protein amino acids on growth rate and efficiency of mixed ruminal bacteria[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(8):2015-2022.  
[27] 王梦芝,王洪荣,曹恒春,等.特定氨基酸缺省底物对体外培养混合瘤胃微生物及其发酵的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):2136-2142. WANG M Z,WANG H R,CAO H C,et al.Effects of certain amino acids-removal on the rumen mixed microbes and fermentation in vitro[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(7):2136-2142.(in Chinese)
[28] 郭冬生,彭小兰,夏维福.反刍动物对粗纤维的利用及营养调控[J].饲料广角,2010(10):32-33. GUO D S,PENG X L,XIA W F.Utilization of crude fiber and nutritional regulation of ruminants[J].Feed China,2010(10):32-33.(in Chinese)
[29] 曹善勇.肉牛常用饲料瘤胃降解特性及日粮类型对瘤胃发酵影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2015. CAO S Y.The degradation characteristics of common feeds of beef cattle and the influence of diet type on rumen fermentation[D].Master's Thesis.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[30] CHEEMA A U,GALYEAN M L,CATON J S,et al.Influence of protein levels and naloxone on ruminal fermentation,serum hormones and metabolites in lambs fed oat hay or barley straw[J].Small Ruminant Research,1991,5(1/2):47-55.
[31] AGBAGLA-DOHNANI A,NOZIōRE P,CLÉMENT G,et al.In sacco degradability,chemical and morphological composition of 15 varieties of European rice straw[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2001,94(1/2):15-27.
[32] 莫放,冯仰廉,李淑兰.反刍家畜蛋白质营养新体系在生产中的应用[C]//第三届全国反刍动物营养学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2011:282-284. MO F,FENG Y L,LI S L.Application of new ruminant protein nutrition system in production[C]//Proceedings of the third national ruminant nutrition symposium.Beijing:Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2011:282-284.(in Chinese)
[33] 黄健,杨福合,李光玉,等.反刍动物氨基酸营养研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(5):116-120. HUANG J,YANG F H,LI G Y,et al.Research progress on amino acid nutritional in ruminants[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(5):116-120.(in Chinese)
[34] 王洪荣.反刍动物氨基酸营养的特点及研究进展[C]//饲料营养研究进展——中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第四届全国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.南京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2002:81-89. WANG H R.Characteristics and research progress of amino acid nutrition of ruminants[C]//Research progress of feed nutrition-proceedings of the 4th national feed nutrition academic seminar of Animal Nutrition Branch of China Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine.Nanjing:Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2002:81-89.(in Chinese)
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2