研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

牦牛泌乳期能量和蛋白质维持需要量的研究

  • 张玉莹 ,
  • 潘浩 ,
  • 王通 ,
  • 刘书杰 ,
  • 崔占鸿
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  • 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心, 青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室, 西宁 810016
张玉莹(1996-),女,甘肃白银人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail:2277839610@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-06-23

  网络出版日期: 2022-03-14

基金资助

青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2020-ZJ-911)

Energy and Protein Maintenance Requirements of Yaks during Lactation

  • ZHANG Yuying ,
  • PAN Hao ,
  • WANG Tong ,
  • LIU Shujie ,
  • CUI Zhanhong
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  • Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science for Plateau Grazing Livestock, Qinghai Yak Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received date: 2021-06-23

  Online published: 2022-03-14

摘要

本试验旨在研究牦牛泌乳期能量和蛋白质维持需要量。选取15头体重与胎次相同、产犊日期接近的牦牛,等分为3组,即自由采食组(自由采食)、80%采食组(自由采食组前1天采食量的80%)、60%采食组(自由采食组前1天采食量的60%),试验牛单栏饲养,按试验设定的限饲要求进行饲喂,自由饮水。试验分为泌乳前期(泌乳第31~70天)和泌乳后期(泌乳第71~135天)。饲养试验结束后依次进行消化代谢和气体代谢试验,测定其养分表观消化率和气体代谢、碳代谢、氮代谢、能量代谢指标,通过建立代谢能采食量(MEI)与能量沉积量(ER)、食入氮(NI)与沉积氮(NR)的回归方程,获得泌乳期维持代谢能和净蛋白质需要量。结果显示:牦牛泌乳期干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率的变化范围分别为65.11%~71.94%、68.65%~75.19%、56.78%~65.68%和44.91%~54.94%,呼吸熵在0.70~0.74,碳表观消化率在65.60%~70.72%。牦牛泌乳期MEI[kJ/(kg W0.75·d)]与ER[kJ/(kg W0.75·d)]的回归方程为:ER=1.186 0(±0.192)MEI-592.715(±133.24),当ER=0时,即得到泌乳期的维持代谢能需要量,为499.76 kJ/(kg W0.75·d);牦牛泌乳期NI[g/(kg W0.75·d)]与NR[g/(kg W0.75·d)]的回归方程为:NR=0.403 0(±0.048)NI-0.359 1(±0.060),纵坐标截距即为泌乳期的维持净氮需要量,乘以系数6.25得到泌乳期的维持净蛋白质需要量,为2.24 g/(kg W0.75·d)。综上可知,本研究得出牦牛泌乳期维持代谢能需要量为499.76 kJ/(kg W0.75·d),维持净蛋白质需要量为2.24 g/(kg W0.75·d)。

本文引用格式

张玉莹 , 潘浩 , 王通 , 刘书杰 , 崔占鸿 . 牦牛泌乳期能量和蛋白质维持需要量的研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(3) : 1655 -1666 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.03.028

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the energy and protein maintenance requirements of yak during lactation. Fifteen yaks with the same body weight, parity and similar calving date were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 yaks in each group, i.e., free feeding group (free feeding), 80% feeding group (80% feed intake of free feeding group of the previous day) and 60% feeding group (60% feed intake of free feeding group of the previous day). All the yaks were fed in a single pen, they fed diets according to the experimental design and drank water freely. The experiment was divided into early lactation (days 31 to 70 of lactation) and late lactation (days 71 to 135 of lactation). Digestion and gas metabolism tests were conducted successively after feeding trial, and apparent digestibility of nutrients and the metabolic indexes of carbon, nitrogen and energy were measured. By establishing regression equations of metabolic energy intake (MEI) and energy deposition (ER), intake nitrogen (NI) and deposition nitrogen (NR), the metabolic energy and net protein requirements for maintenance during lactation were obtained. The results showed that the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) varied from 65.11% to 71.94%, 68.65% to 75.19%, 56.78% to 65.68% and 44.91% to 54.94%, respectively, and the respiratory entropy ranged from 0.70 to 0.74, the carbon apparent digestibility ranged from 65.60% to 70.72%. The regression equation of MEI[kJ/(kg W0.75·d)] and ER[kJ/(kg W0.75·d)] of yaks during lactation was as follow:ER=1.186 0(±0.192)MEI-592.715(±133.24), when ER=0, namely, the metabolic energy maintenance requirement during lactation was 499.76 kJ/(kg W0.75·d). The regression equation of NI[kJ/(kg W0.75·d)] and NR[kJ/(kg W0.75·d)] of yaks during lactation was as follow:NR=0.403 0(±0.048)NI-0.359 1(±0.060), the vertical intercept was the net nitrogen maintenance requirement during lactation, multiplied by the coefficient 6.25 to obtain the net protein maintenance requirement during lactation of 2.24 kJ/(kg W0.75·d). In conclusion, the metabolic energy and net protein maintenance requirements of yaks during lactation are obtained in this study, they are 499.76 kJ/(kg W0.75·d) and 2.24 g/(kg W0.75·d), respectively.

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