动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 3: 1875 - 1884

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.03.047

研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

香芹酚对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率、肠道消化酶活性、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响

  • 刘福鑫 ,
  • 孔繁根 ,
  • 王国洲 ,
  • 张伟 ,
  • 刘树栋 ,
  • 陈赛娟 ,
  • 陈宝江
展开
  • 1. 河北农业大学动物科技学院, 保定 071001;
    2. 河北农业大学山区研究所, 保定 071001;
    3. 河北省山区农业技术创新中心, 保定 071001
刘福鑫(1997-),女,河北秦皇岛人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:1773591740@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-08-18

  网络出版日期: 2022-03-14

基金资助

国家兔产业技术体系（CARS-43-B-2）；河北省自然科学基金项目（C2020204186）

收起

Effects of Carvacrol on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibilities, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities, Immune Organ Development and Antioxidant Capacity of Meat Rabbits

  • LIU Fuxin ,
  • KONG Fangen ,
  • WANG Guozhou ,
  • ZHANG Wei ,
  • LIU Shudong ,
  • CHEN Saijuan ,
  • CHEN Baojiang
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
    2. Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
    3. Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China

Received date: 2021-08-18

  Online published: 2022-03-14

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究香芹酚对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率、肠道消化酶活性、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响。选取120只35日龄体重相近的健康新西兰肉兔，随机分为4组，每组30个重复，每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组（T1、T2、T3组）分别在基础饲粮中添加150、300和450 g/t香芹酚。预试期7 d，生长试验28 d，消化代谢试验7 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，T2组的平均日采食量显著降低（P<0.05），T1、T2和T3组的料重比有降低趋势（P=0.056），T1、T2和T3组的腹泻率均降低了3.34%（P>0.05）。2）各组之间的干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、总能（GE）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）表观消化率均无显著差异（P>0.05）。与对照组相比，T1、T2和T3组的粗脂肪（EE）表观消化率显著提高（P<0.05），T2组的粗纤维（CF）表观消化率显著提高（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比，T2和T3组的回肠胰蛋白酶活性显著提高（P<0.05），T1、T2和T3组的盲肠胰蛋白酶活性显著提高（P<0.05），T1的盲肠脂肪酶活性显著提高（P<0.05）。4）各组之间的胸腺指数、肝脏指数和脾脏指数均无显著差异（P>0.05），但T2和T3组的胸腺指数较对照组分别提高了50.00%和17.27%。5）与对照组相比，T1和T2组的空肠总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著提高（P<0.05），T1、T2和T3组的空肠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著提高（P<0.05），T3组的肝脏GSH-Px活性显著提高（P<0.05）。综上所述，饲粮中添加香芹酚可降低肉兔的腹泻率和料重比，提高肉兔对EE和CF表观消化率，增强部分消化酶的活性，在一定程度上提高胸腺指数，增强空肠和肝脏的抗氧化能力。本试验条件下，肉兔饲粮中香芹酚适宜添加水平为300 g/t。

关键词： 香芹酚; 肉兔; 生长性能; 表观消化率; 消化酶活性; 免疫器官指数; 抗氧化能力

本文引用格式

刘福鑫 , 孔繁根 , 王国洲 , 张伟 , 刘树栋 , 陈赛娟 , 陈宝江 . 香芹酚对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率、肠道消化酶活性、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(3) : 1875 -1884 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.03.047

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of carvacrol on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibilities, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, immune organ development and antioxidant capacity of meat rabbits. One hundred and twenty healthy 35-day-old New Zealand rabbits of similar body weight were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 30 replicates per group and 1 rabbit per replicate. Rabbits in the control group were fed a basal diet, while the others in experimental groups (T1, T2 and T3 groups) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 150, 300 and 450 g/t carvacrol, respectively. The pre-feeding period lasted for 7 d followed by an experimental period of 28 d, and the digestion and metabolism test lasted for 7 d. The results showed as follows:1) compare with the control group, the average daily feed intake of T2 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the feed to gain ratio of T1, T2 and T3 groups was tend to decrease (P=0.056), and the mortality rate of T1, T2 and T3 groups was decreased by 3.34% (P>0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) among all groups (P>0.05). Compare with the control group, the ether extract (EE) apparent digestibility of T1, T2 and T3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the crude fiber (CF) apparent digestibility of T2 group was significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) Compare with the control group, the ileal trypsin activity of T2 and T3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the cecal trypsin activity of T1, T2 and T3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the cecal lipase activity of T1 group was significantly increased (P<0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in the thymus index, liver index and spleen index among all groups (P>0.05), but the thymus index of T2 and T3 groups was increased by 50.00% and 17.27% compared with the control group. 5) Compare with the control group, the jejunal total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of T1 and T2 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the jejunal glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of T1, T2 and T3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the liver GSH-Px activity of T1 group was significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of carvacrol in the diet can reduce the diarrhea rate and feed to gain ratio of meat rabbits, increase the apparent digestibilities of EE and CF for meat rabbits, increase the activities of some digestive enzyme, increase the thymus index to a certain extent, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of jejunum and liver. Under this experimental condition, the appropriate supplemental level of carvacrol in the diet of meat rabbits is 300 g/t.

Key words： carvacrol; meat rabbits; growth performance; apparent digestibilities; digestive enzyme activities; immune organ indexes; antioxidant capacity

参考文献

[1] 武拉平,秦应和.2020年我国兔业生产概况及2021年发展形势展望[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(3):258-262. WU L P,QIN Y H.Overview of rabbit production in China in 2020 and prospect of development in 2021[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021,57(3):258-262.(in Chinese)
[2] PIRGOZLIEV V,BRAVO D,MIRZA M W,et al.Growth performance and endogenous losses of broilers fed wheat-based diets with and without essential oils and xylanase supplementation[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(6):1227-1232.  
[3] ARISTIMUNHA P C,ROSA A P,BOEMO L S,et al.A blend of benzoic acid and essential oil compounds as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler diets[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2016,25(4):455-463.  
[4] DU E C,WANG W W,GAN L P,et al.Effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on intestinal integrity and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2016,7:19.
[5] 孙海涛,解红梅,姜文学,等.牛至油对断奶-2月龄肉兔生长发育、血清生化及肠道发育的影响[J].中国养兔,2018(3):10-13,33. SUN H T,XIE H M,JIANG W X,et al.Effects of oregano oil on growth,serum biochemistry and intestinal development of weaned to 2-month-old rabbits[J].Chinese Journal of Rabbit Farming,2018(3):10-13,33.(in Chinese)
[6] GIANNENAS I,TRIANTAFILLOU E,STAVRAKAKIS S,et al.Assessment of dietary supplementation with carvacrol or thymol containing feed additives on performance,intestinal microbiota and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,2012,350/353:26-32.
[7] NRC.Nutrient requirements of rabbits[M].2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:The National Academies Press,1977.
[8] 谷子林,秦应和,任克良.中国养兔学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:435. GU Z L,QIN Y H,REN K L.China rabbit science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2013:435.(in Chinese)
[9] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].4版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2016:48-105. ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and quality test technology[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2016:48-105.(in Chinese)
[10] MATHLOUTHI N,BOUZAIENNE T,OUESLATI I,et al.Use of rosemary,oregano,and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens:in vitro antimicrobial activities and effects on growth performance[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(3):813-823.  
[11] AMAD A A,MÄNNER K,WENDLER K R,et al.Effects of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(12):2811-2816.  
[12] 黄金昌,付永生,余佳胜,等.植物精油对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力以及肠道健康的影响[J].饲料工业,2020,41(19):28-34. HUANG J C,FU Y S,YU J S,et al.The effect of plant essential oil on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of early-weaned piglets[J].Feed Industry,2020,41(19):28-34.(in Chinese)
[13] BRENES A,ROURA E.Essential oils in poultry nutrition:main effects and modes of action[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,158(1/2):1-14.
[14] LEE K W,EVERTS H,KAPPERST H J,et al.Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in female broiler chickens[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2003,12(4):394-399.  
[15] 王俊奎,陶金忠,和东迁,等.极高、极低剩余采食量滩羊屠宰性能及内脏器官重量差异分析[J].中国草食动物科学,2021,41(4):27-31. WANG J K,TAO J Z,HE D Q,et al.Analysis on difference of slaughter performance and weight of internal organs of Tan sheep with extremely high and extremely low residual feed intake[J].China Herbivore Science,2021,41(4):27-31.(in Chinese)
[16] BRAVO D,PIRGOZLIEV V,ROSE S P.A mixture of carvacrol,cinnamaldehyde,and capsicum oleoresin improves energy utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed maize-based diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(4):1531-1536.  
[17] RUAN D,FAN Q L,FOUAD A M,et al.Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity,and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens[J].Journal of Animal Science,2021,99(2):skab033.
[18] PIRGOZLIEV V,MANSBRIDGE S C,ROSE S P,et al.Immune modulation,growth performance,and nutrient retention in broiler chickens fed a blend of phytogenic feed additives[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(9):3443-3449.  
[19] 冯志华,龚建刚,刘观忠,等.牛至油对断奶獭兔营养物质消化率和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2007(14):16-17,20. FENG Z H,GONG J G,LLIU G Z,et al.Effects of Origanum oil on nutrient digestibilities and serum parameters in weaned Rex rabbit[J].China Feed,2007(14):16-17,20.(in Chinese)
[20] ZHANG R,WANG X W,LIU L L,et al.Dietary oregano essential oil improved the immune response,activity of digestive enzymes,and intestinal microbiota of the koi carp,Cyprinus carpio[J].Aquaculture,2020,518:734781.
[21] BASMACIOĞLU MALAYOĞLU H,BAYSAL S,MISIRLIOĞLU Z,et al.Effects of oregano essential oil with or without feed enzymes on growth performance,digestive enzyme,nutrient digestibility,lipid metabolism and immune response of broilers fed on wheat-soybean meal diets[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(1):67-80.  
[22] YOUSSEF I M I,MÄNNER K,ZENTEK J.Effect of essential oils or saponins alone or in combination on productive performance,intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes' activity of broiler chickens[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2021,105(1):99-107.  
[23] 李兰海.酸化剂和牛至油替代硫酸粘杆菌素对断奶仔猪的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2018. LI L H.Effect of the dietary acidifier and oregano oil instead of colistin sulfate on weaned piglets[D].Master's Thesis.Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[24] GUERRA-ORDAZ A A,GONZÁLEZ-ORTIZ G,LA RAGIONE R M,et al.Lactulose and Lactobacillus plantarum,a potential complementary synbiotic to control postweaning colibacillosis in piglets[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2014,80(16):4879-4886.  
[25] 李彬,苟清碧,古长松,等.复合植物精油对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、肠道发育以及肉品质的影响[J/OL].中国畜牧杂志,2021:1-5.(2021-07-08)[2021-07-08].https://doi.org/10.19556/j.0258-7033.20201118-01.DOI:10.19556/j.0258-7033.20201118-01. LI B,GOU Q B,GU C S,et al.Effects of plant essential oil on growth performance,intestinal development and meat quality of Mahuang broilers[J/OL].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021:1-5.(2021-07-08)[2021-07-08].https://doi.org/10.19556/j.0258-7033.20201118-01.DOI:10.19556/j.0258-7033.20201118-01. (in Chinese)
[26] 彭青云,李菊娣,罗正,等.牛至油对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及免疫器官指数的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(13):73-76,100. PENG Q Y,LI J D,LUO Z,et al.Effects of oregano essential oil on growth performance,carcass traits and immune organ index of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2016,52(13):73-76,100.(in Chinese)
[27] ARIZA-NIETO C,BANDRICK M,BAIDOO S K,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of oregano essential oils to sows on colostrum and milk composition,growth pattern and immune status of suckling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(4):1079-1089.  
[28] 张显东.香芹酚和百里香酚的作用机理及其在单胃动物中的应用研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(11):25-30. ZHANG X D.The mode of action and application of carvacrol and thymol in monogastric animals:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2017,53(11):25-30.(in Chinese)
[29] HASHEMIPOUR H,KERMANSHAHI H,GOLIAN A,et al.Effect of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on performance,antioxidant enzyme activities,fatty acid composition,digestive enzyme activities,and immune response in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(8):2059-2069.  
[30] 聂利芳.牛至油对AA肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化和营养物质利用率影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2020. NIE L F.Effects of oregano oil on AA broiler performance,antioxidant and nutrient utilization[D].Master's Thesis.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2020.(in Chinese)
[31] SU G Q,ZHOU X W,WANG Y,et al.Effects of plant essential oil supplementation on growth performance,immune function and antioxidant activities in weaned pigs[J].Lipids in Health and Disease,2018,17(1):139.
[32] 史东辉,陈俊锋,赵连生,等.唇形科植物提取物对肉鸡血清抗氧化功能和鸡肉脂类氧化的影响研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(7):63-67. SHI D H,CHEN J F,ZHAO L S,et al.Effect of lip family plant extracts on serum antioxidant function and chicken lipid oxidation in broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2013,49(7):63-67.(in Chinese)
[33] 张崇媛,胡萍,张红,等.香芹酚通过抗氧化及抗细胞凋亡途径抑制大鼠卵巢衰老[J].临床和实验医学杂志,2016,15(15):1468-1471. ZHANG C Y,HU P,ZHANG H,et al.Carvacrol protect ovary in natural-aging rats through inhibiting the oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic pathway[J].Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,2016,15(15):1468-1471.(in Chinese)
[34] ZOU Y,WANG J,PENG J,et al.Oregano essential oil induces SOD1 and GSH expression through Nrf2 activation and alleviates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in IPEC-J2 cells[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2016,2016:5987183.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2