研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

不同蛋白质原料对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清免疫和抗氧化指标及肠道形态的影响

  • 刘苏捷 ,
  • 王剑 ,
  • 贺腾飞 ,
  • 刘汉锁 ,
  • 龙沈飞 ,
  • 臧建军 ,
  • 朴香淑 ,
  • 王春林
展开
  • 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
刘苏捷(1996-),男,河北石家庄人,博士研究生,从事动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:heiluobo12300@cau.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2021-09-25

  网络出版日期: 2022-04-14

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(31772612);北京自然科学基金项目(6202019);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019JZZY020308)

Effects of Different Protein Ingredients on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Serum Immune and Antioxidant Indexes and Intestinal Morphology of Weaned Piglets

  • LIU Sujie ,
  • WANG Jian ,
  • HE Tengfei ,
  • LIU Hansuo ,
  • LONG Shenfei ,
  • ZANG Jianjun ,
  • PIAO Xiangshu ,
  • WANG Chunlin
Expand
  • State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2021-09-25

  Online published: 2022-04-14

摘要

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质原料(大豆浓缩蛋白、昆虫蛋白KT100、血浆蛋白粉)对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清免疫和抗氧化指标及肠道形态的影响。选取108头体重[(7.71±1.23) kg]相近的健康28日龄“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验分为前期(第1~14天)和后期(第15~28天)。Ⅰ组(对照组)前期饲喂含8%大豆浓缩蛋白的试验饲粮,后期饲喂含6%大豆浓缩蛋白的试验饲粮;Ⅱ组前期饲喂含8%昆虫蛋白KT100的试验饲粮,后期饲喂含6%昆虫蛋白KT100的试验饲粮;Ⅲ组前期饲喂含6%血浆蛋白粉的试验饲粮,后期饲喂含4%血浆蛋白粉的试验饲粮。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)试验前期、后期和全期,各组之间断奶仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和饲料转化率(FCR)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)第14天,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组的粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率有降低的趋势(P=0.07)。第28天,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的干物质(DM)和有机物(OM)表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组的CP消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。3)第14和28天,各组之间断奶仔猪的血清免疫和抗氧化指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组的回肠隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加昆虫蛋白KT100对断奶仔猪的生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能并无负面影响。

本文引用格式

刘苏捷 , 王剑 , 贺腾飞 , 刘汉锁 , 龙沈飞 , 臧建军 , 朴香淑 , 王春林 . 不同蛋白质原料对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清免疫和抗氧化指标及肠道形态的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(4) : 2238 -2248 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.04.020

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different protein ingredients (soybean protein concentrate, insect protein KT100 and plasma protein powder) on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum immune and antioxidant indexes and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets. A total of 108 healthy 28-day-old weaned piglets with similar body weight[(7.71±1.23) kg] were randomly allotted into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 6 pigs per replicate. The experiment was divided into early stage (days 1 to 14) and later stage (days 15 to 28). Pigs in group Ⅰ (control group) were fed an experimental diet contained 8% soybean protein concentrate in early stage, and fed an experimental diet contained 6% soybean protein concentrate in later stage; pigs in group Ⅱ were fed an experimental diet contained 8% insect protein KT100 in early stage, and fed an experimental diet contained 6% insect protein KT100 in later stage; pigs in group Ⅲ were fed an experimental diet contained 6% plasma protein powder in early stage, and fed an experimental diet contained 4% plasma protein powder in later stage. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed as follows:1) in early stage, later stage and whole stage, there were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) of weaned piglets among all groups (P>0.05). 2) On day 14, compared with group Ⅰ, the crude protein (CP) digestibility of group Ⅱ showed a decrease tendency (P=0.07). On day 28, compared with group Ⅰ, the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the CP digestibility of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) On days 14 and 28, there were no significant differences in serum immune and antioxidant indexes of weaned piglets among all groups (P>0.05). 4) compared with group Ⅰ, the ileal crypt depth of group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary insect protein KT100 has no negative effects on growth performance, immune and antioxidant function of weaned piglets.

参考文献

[1] VAN HUIS A,VAN ITTERBEECK J,KLUNDER H,et al.Edible insects:future prospects for food and feed security[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2013.
[2] ONSONGO V O,OSUGA I M,GACHUIRI C K,et al.Insects for income generation through animal feed:effect of dietary replacement of soybean and fish meal with black soldier fly meal on broiler growth and economic performance[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2018,111(4):1966-1973.  
[3] 吴迪,刘汉锁,龙沈飞,等.昆虫蛋白的来源、营养成分和特殊功能及其在猪鸡饲粮中的应用效果[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(6):2491-2499. WU D,LIU H S,LONG S F,et al.Sources,nutrients and special functions of insect protein and its application effects in pig and chicken diets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(6):2491-2499.(in Chinese)
[4] DIGIACOMO K,LEURY B J.Review:insect meal:a future source of protein feed for pigs?[J].Animal,2019,13(12):3022-3030.  
[5] BIASATO I,RENNA M,GAI F,et al.Partially defatted black soldier fly larva meal inclusion in piglet diets:effects on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profile,gut morphology and histological features[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2019,10:12.
[6] YU M,LI Z M,CHEN W D,et al.Hermetia illucens larvae as a fishmeal replacement alters intestinal specific bacterial populations and immune homeostasis in weanling piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2020,98(3):skz395.
[7] JIN X H,HEO P S,HONG J S,et al.Supplementation of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and blood profiles in weaning pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2016,29(7):979-986.  
[8] 庞培,田雯,刘志强,等.血浆蛋白粉在断奶仔猪料中替代研究进展[J].湖南饲料,2019(1):46-48. PANG P,TIAN W,LIU Z Q,et al.Research progress on substitution of plasma protein powder in weaning piglet feed[J].Hunan Feed,2019(1):46-48.(in Chinese)
[9] PAN L,MA X K,WANG H L,et al.Enzymatic feather meal as an alternative animal protein source in diets for nursery pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,212:112-121.
[10] SPRANGHERS T,MICHIELS J,VRANCX J,et al.Gut antimicrobial effects and nutritional value of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) prepupae for weaned piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,235:33-42.
[11] HAYDEN D.Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as an alternative protein source in pig creep diets in relation to production,blood and manure microbiology parameters[D].Master’s Thesis.South Africa:Stellenbosch University,2016.
[12] 陈巍,朱剑锋,周海泳,等.黑水虻幼虫虫粉替代仔猪饲料中血浆蛋白粉或鱼粉对仔猪生长性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(24):36-39. CHEN W,ZHU J F,ZHOU H Y,et al.Effect of replacing plasma protein or fish meal with black soldier fly larval meal on piglets’ growth performance[J].Feed Industry,2017,38(24):36-39.(in Chinese)
[13] NEWTON G L,BOORAM C V,BARKER R W,et al.Dried Hermetia illucens larvae meal as a supplement for swine[J].Journal of Animal Science,1977,44(3):395-400.  
[14] 陈晓伟.四种昆虫资源成分分析及黄粉虫粉在仔猪生产中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2012. CHEN X W.Component analysis of four kinds of insects resource and application of Tenebrio Molitor L. in the production of piglets[D].Master’s Thesis.Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
[15] MIGUÉNS-GÓMEZ A,GRAU-BOVÉ C,SIERRA-CRUZ M,et al.Gastrointestinally digested protein from the insect Alphitobius diaperinus stimulates a different intestinal secretome than beef or almond,producing a differential response in food intake in rats[J].Nutrients,2020,12(8):2366.
[16] VELTEN S,NEUMANN C,DÖRPER A,et al.Response of piglets due to amino acid optimization of mixed diets with 75% replacement of soybean-meal by partly defatted insect meal (Hermetia illucens)[M]//SCHLÜTER O,RUMPOLD B, PUDEL F,et al.Insecta 2017.Potsdam:Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB),2017:63-65.
[17] 吴瑞.复合蛋白KT67替代鱼粉对花鲈生长、消化和肠道健康的影响[D].硕士学位论文.厦门:集美大学,2018. WU R.Effects of replacement of dietary fishmeal by maggot meal on growth performance,digestion and intestinal healthy in Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus)[D].Master’s Thesis.Xiamen:Jimei University,2018.(in Chinese)
[18] CROSBIE M,ZHU C L,SHOVELLER A K,et al.Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and net energy contents in full fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meals (Hermetia illucens) fed to growing pigs[J].Translational Animal Science,2020,4(3):104.
[19] KAWASAKI K,OSAFUNE T,TAMEHIRA S,et al.Piglets can secrete acidic mammalian chitinase from the pre weaning stage[J].Scientific Reports,2021,11(1):1297.
[20] HAN K N,KWON I K,LOHAKARE J D,et al.Chito-oligosaccharides as an alternative to antimicrobials in improving performance,digestibility and microbial ecology of the gut in weanling pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2007,20(4):556-562.  
[21] YU M,LI Z M,CHEN W D,et al.Hermetia illucens larvae as a potential dietary protein source altered the microbiota and modulated mucosal immune status in the colon of finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2019,10(1):50.
[22] HARIKRISHNAN R,KIM J S,BALASUNDARAM C,et al.Dietary supplementation with chitin and chitosan on haematology and innate immune response in Epinephelus bruneus against Philasterides dicentrarchi[J].Experimental Parasitology,2012,131(1):116-124.  
[23] 徐元庆,史彬林,郭祎玮,等.壳聚糖对断奶仔猪免疫器官及胃肠道发育的影响[J].饲料工业,2013,34(3):32-35. XU Y Q,SHI B L,GUO Y W,et al.Effects of chitosan on the development of immune organs and gastrointestinal tracts in weaned piglets[J].Feed Industry,2013,34(3):32-35.(in Chinese)
[24] 王彦权,彭芳.调节免疫系统的昆虫类药物的研究现状与思考[J].国际免疫学杂志,2020,43(3):308-312. WANG Y Q,PENG F.Current situation and consideration of insect drugs regulating immune system[J].International Journal of Immunology,2020,43(3):308-312.(in Chinese)
[25] 王斌,邹仕庚,彭运智,等.黑水虻在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(6):8-15. WANG B,ZOU S G,PENG Y Z,et al.Research progress on application of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) in animal feed[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021,57(6):8-15.(in Chinese)
[26] DABBOU S,GAI F,BIASATO I,et al.Black soldier fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens:effects on growth performance,blood traits,gut morphology and histological features[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9:49.
[27] WANG J X,PENG K M.Developmental morphology of the small intestine of African ostrich chicks[J].Poultry Science,2008,87(12):2629-2635.  
[28] WILLIAMS J,MALLET S,LECONTE M,et al.The effects of fructo-oligosaccharides or whole wheat on the performance and digestive tract of broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2008,49(3):329-339.  
[29] BIASATO I,GASCO L,DE MARCO M,et al.Yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) inclusion in diets for male broiler chickens:effects on growth performance,gut morphology,and histological findings[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(2):540-548.  
[30] QAISRANI S N,MOQUET P C A,VAN KRIMPEN M M,et al.Protein source and dietary structure influence growth performance,gut morphology,and hindgut fermentation characteristics in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(12):3053-3064.  
文章导航

/