研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

不同性别竹丝鸡育肥期饲粮粗蛋白质需要量研究

  • 范秋丽 ,
  • 蒋守群 ,
  • 汪汉华 ,
  • 阮栋 ,
  • 程忠刚
展开
  • 1. 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 畜禽育种国家重点实验室, 农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室, 广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室, 广州 510640;
    2. 广东温氏食品集团有限公司, 云浮 527400
范秋丽(1987-),女,陕西渭南人,助理研究员,硕士,从事黄羽肉鸡营养研究。E-mail:649698130@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-09-15

  网络出版日期: 2022-04-14

基金资助

广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202090004);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-41);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31802104);广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515012412,2021A1515010830);广东省农业科学院科技计划项目(202106TD,R2019PY-QF008)

Study on Dietary Crude Protein Requirement of Different Genders of Silky Fowl during Fattening Phase

  • FAN Qiuli ,
  • JIANG Shouqun ,
  • WANG Hanhua ,
  • RUAN Dong ,
  • CHENG Zhonggang
Expand
  • 1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, China;
    2. Guangdong Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527400, China

Received date: 2021-09-15

  Online published: 2022-04-14

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对不同性别竹丝鸡育肥期生长性能、胴体性状、机体粗蛋白质含量、肉品质、血清和肝脏生化指标的影响,为竹丝鸡粗蛋白质精准供给提供理论依据。将1 950只46日龄竹丝鸡公鸡根据体重一致原则随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复65只,试验期20 d;将1 950只57日龄竹丝鸡母鸡根据体重一致原则随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复65只,试验期17 d。5组公鸡和母鸡饲粮粗蛋白质水平依次为15%、16%、17%、18%和19%。结果显示:1)对于公鸡,饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比(P<0.05),且随着粗蛋白质水平的升高,平均日增重呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),料重比呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。对于母鸡,饲粮粗蛋白质水平对末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比和成活率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)对于公鸡,饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响腹脂率(P<0.05),且腹脂率随粗蛋白质水平的升高呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。对于母鸡,饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响半净膛率和全净膛率(P<0.05),且半净膛率和全净膛率随粗蛋白质水平的升高均呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。3)饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响公鸡和母鸡机体粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05),且公鸡机体粗蛋白质含量随粗蛋白质水平的升高呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05)。4)饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响母鸡胸肌滴水损失和腿肌谷氨酸含量(P<0.05),对胸肌pH和腿肌肌苷酸含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。5)饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响公鸡血清尿素氮(UN)含量和母鸡血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量(P<0.05),且随着粗蛋白质水平的升高,公鸡血清UN含量呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),母鸡血清GSH含量呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。6)母鸡肝脏氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量随粗蛋白质水平的升高呈线性升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,适宜的饲粮粗蛋白质水平可改善竹丝鸡公鸡的生长性能、胴体性状、机体粗蛋白质含量和蛋白质沉积,可改善竹丝鸡母鸡的胴体性状、机体粗蛋白质含量、肉品质和抗氧化能力。依据二次曲线模型估测,45~65日龄竹丝鸡公鸡获得最佳生长性能的饲粮粗蛋白质水平为14.13%~14.53%,57~73日龄竹丝鸡母鸡获得最佳胴体性状的饲粮粗蛋白质水平为16.08%~17.17%。

本文引用格式

范秋丽 , 蒋守群 , 汪汉华 , 阮栋 , 程忠刚 . 不同性别竹丝鸡育肥期饲粮粗蛋白质需要量研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(4) : 2361 -2373 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.04.031

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of crude protein on growth performance, carcass traits, body crude protein content, meat quality, serum and liver biochemical indices of different genders silky fowl during the fattening phase, to provide theoretical basis for crude protein accurate supply of silky fowl. One thousand nine hundred and fifty 46-day-old female silky fowl were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 65 chickens per replicate, and the experiment was lasted for 20 days. One thousand nine hundred and fifty 57-day-old male silky fowl were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 65 chickens per replicate, and the experiment was lasted for 17 days. The dietary crude protein levels of 5 groups in female and male were 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% and 19%, respectively. The results showed as follows:1) for male chickens, the average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain were significantly affected by dietary crude protein level (P<0.05), and the average daily gain increased linearly and quadratically with increasing dietary crude protein level (P<0.05), the feed/gain decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing dietary crude protein level (P<0.05). For female chickens, dietary crude protein level had no significant effects on the final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed/gain and survival rate (P>0.05). 2) For male chickens, the abdominal fat rate was significantly affected by dietary crude protein level (P<0.05), and the abdominal fat rate decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing dietary crude protein level (P<0.05). For female chickens, the half-eviscerated rate and eviscerated rate were significantly affected by dietary crude protein level (P<0.05), and the half-eviscerated rate and eviscerated rate decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing dietary crude protein level (P<0.05). 3) Dietary crude protein level significantly affected the body crude protein content in male and female chickens (P<0.05), and the body crude protein content in male chickens increased linearly and quadratically with increasing dietary crude protein levels (P<0.05). 4) Dietary crude protein level significantly affected the drip loss of breast muscle and glutamic acid content in thigh muscle (P<0.05), but had no significant effects on pH of breast muscle and inosine monophosphate content in thigh muscle (P>0.05). 5) The urea nitrogen (UN) content in serum of male chickens and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in serum of female chickens were significantly affected by dietary crude protein level (P<0.05), and serum UN content of male chickens increased linearly and quadratically with increasing dietary crude protein level (P<0.05), and serum GSH content of female chickens decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing dietary crude protein level (P<0.05). 6) The oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content in liver of female chickens increased linearly with increasing dietary crude protein level (P<0.05). In summary, suitable levels of dietary crude protein can improve the growth performance, carcass traits, body crude protein content and protein deposition of male silky fowl, meanwhile, and can improve the carcass traits, body crude protein content and antioxidant capacity of female silky fowl. According to the estimation of quadratic curve models, it is suggested that male silky fowl during 45 to 65 days of age can achieve the best growth performance when dietary crude protein level is 14.13% to 14.53%, and female silky fowl during 57 to 73 days of age can achieve the best carcass traits when dietary crude protein level is 16.08% to 17.17%.

参考文献

[1] FIEDOROWICZ E,SOBOTKA W,STANEK M,et al.The effect of dietary protein restriction in finishing pigs on the fat content,fatty acid profile,and atherogenic and thrombogenic indices of pork[J].Journal of Elementology,2016,21(3):693-702.
[2] QIN C F,HUANG P,QIU K,et al.Influences of dietary protein sources and crude protein levels on intracellular free amino acid profile in the longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing gilts[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2015,6:52.
[3] 王薇薇,蒋守群,林厦菁,等.22-42日龄和43-63日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡低蛋白质饲粮氨基酸平衡模型研究[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(6):3198-3209. WANG W W,JIANG S Q,LIN X J,et al.Amino acid balance pattern of low protein diet in rapidly-growing yellow-feathered chickens during 22 to 42 days of age and 43 to 63 days of age[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(6):3198-3209.(in Chinese)
[4] 周力,李雪清,侯生珍,等.不同蛋白水平日粮对藏香猪断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2020,41(10):52-56. ZHOU L,LI X Q,HOU S Z,et al.Effects of diet protein level on performance and blood biochemical indexes of weanling piglets in Zangxiang pigs[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2020,41(10):52-56.(in Chinese)
[5] 孔雪旺,周敏,卢慧芳.浓缩料粗蛋白质水平对荷斯坦肉牛生长性能、氮代谢及胴体性状的影响[J].中国饲料,2021(14):9-12. KONG X W,ZHOU M,LU H F.Effects of crude protein level in concentrate feed on growth performance,nitrogen metabolism and carcass traits of Holstein beef cattle[J].China Feed,2021(14):9-12.(in Chinese)
[6] LIU N,JI Y,YANG Y,et al.Impact of dietary crude protein level on hepatic lipid metabolism in weaned female piglets[J].Animals,2021,11(6):1829.
[7] LIMBACH J R,ESPINOSA C D,PEREZ-CALVO E,et al.Effect of dietary crude protein level on growth performance,blood characteristics,and indicators of intestinal health in weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2021,99(6):skab166.
[8] GOU Z Y,JIANG S Q,JIANG Z Y,et al.Effects of high peanut meal with different crude protein level supplemented with amino acids on performance,carcass traits and nitrogen retention of Chinese yellow broilers[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2016,100(4):657-664.  
[9] 霍永久,占今舜,余同水,等.饲粮不同蛋白水平对淮猪生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):133-141. HUO Y J,ZHAN J S,YU T S,et al.The effect of diet with different crude protein levels on growth performance, meat quality and serum parameters in Huai pigs[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(6):133-141.(in Chinese)
[10] DING Y,BU X C,ZHANG N N,et al.Effects of metabolizable energy and crude protein levels on laying performance,egg quality and serum biochemical indices of Fengda-1 layers[J].Animal Nutrition,2016,2(2):93-98.  
[11] 崔智豪,鲁俊鹏,定爱,等.竹丝鸡品种饲养管理关键点[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2020(10):186-187. CUI Z H,LU J P,DING A,et al.The key point of silky fowl feeding and management[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2020(10):186-187.(in Chinese)
[12] 李龙.清远麻鸡生长规律与能量需要模型研究[D].博士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2020. LI L.Study on growth performance pattern and energy requirement model of Qingyuan partridge chicken[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2020.(in Chinese)
[13] 苏维发,周洪彬,蒋登湖,等.壳寡糖对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化功能以及免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(5):2555-2567. SU W F, ZHOU H B,JIANG D H, et al.Effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and immune function of growing-finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(5):2555-2567. (in Chinese)
[14] BERRES J,VIEIRA S L,FAVERO A,et al.Digestible valine requirements in high protein diets for broilers from twenty-one to forty-two days of age[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,165(1/2):120-124.
[15] 王旭,韩威,叶小其,等.低蛋白质饲粮在鸡生产中的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2021,42(11):32-37. WANG X,HAN W,YE X Q,et al.Research progress of low protein feedstuff in chicken production[J].Feed Industry,2021,42(11):32-37.(in Chinese)
[16] 耿爱莲,张帆,王海宏,等.北京油鸡新配套系母鸡10-16周龄饲粮适宜代谢能和粗蛋白质水平研究[J].中国家禽,2021,43(5):55-61. GENG A L,ZHANG F,WANG H H,et al.Study on optimum metabolizable energy and crude protein levels in female Beijing You chicken new line aged from 10 to 16 weeks[J].China Poultry,2021,43(5):55-61.(in Chinese)
[17] 耿爱莲,王海宏,张帆,等.饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对1-6周龄北京油鸡新配套系生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(8):4395-4404. GENG A L,WANG H H,ZHANG F,et al.Effects of dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein levels on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes in Beijing You chicken new line aged from 1 to 6 weeks[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(8):4395-4404.(in Chinese)
[18] JABBAR A,TAHIR M,KHAN R U,et al.Interactive effect of exogenous protease enzyme and dietary crude protein levels on growth and digestibility indices in broiler chickens during the starter phase[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2020,53(1):23.
[19] 孙秋娟,李文斌,王建华,等.日粮能量、蛋白质水平对22-42日龄肉鸡WOD168公鸡生长与屠宰性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2020,42(1):49-52. SUN Q J,LI W B,WANG J H,et al.Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on growth and slaughter performance of WOD168 male broiler during 22 to 42 days of age[J].China Poultry,2020,42(1):49-52.(in Chinese)
[20] 苟钟勇,周桂莲,蒋宗勇,等.1-21日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡饲粮粗蛋白质需要量[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(9):2513-2522. GOU Z Y,ZHOU G L,JIANG Z Y,et al.Dietary crude protein requirements for fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers aged from 1 to 21 days[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(9):2513-2522.(in Chinese)
[21] 林厦菁,周桂莲,蒋守群,等.22-63日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡粗蛋白质营养需要量[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(6):1453-1466. LIN X J,ZHOU G L,JIANG S Q,et al.Crude protein requirement of fast-growing yellow broilers aged from 22 to 63 days[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(6):1453-1466.(in Chinese)
[22] SAEED M,YATAO X,HASSAN F U,et al.Influence of graded levels of L-theanine dietary supplementation on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,organs histomorphometry,blood chemistry and immune response of broiler chickens[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2018,19(2):462.
[23] 黎寿丰,赵振华,黄华云,等.邵伯鸡生长适宜代谢能与粗蛋白质需要量及其对屠宰性能与肉质影响的研究[C]//第十四届全国家禽科学学术讨论会论文集.哈尔滨:中国畜牧兽医学会,2009:870-876. LI S F,ZHAO Z H,HUANG H Y,et al.Study on metabolizable energy and crude protein requirements for Shaobo chickens and their effects on slaughter performance and meat quality[C]//Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Poultry Science Symposium,Harbin:Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2009:870-876.(in Chinese)
[24] 斯烈钢,邹李昶,申屠基康,等.饲料添加不同脂肪及蛋白质水平对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)生长性能、体成分及消化酶活力的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2014,45(2):400-408. SI L G,ZOU L C,SHENTU J K,et al.Effect on different dietary lipid and protein level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzymes activities of freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium nipponensis[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2014,45(2):400-408.(in Chinese)
[25] 桑永明,杨瑶,尹航,等.饲料蛋白水平对方正银鲫幼鱼生长、体成分、肝脏生化指标和肠道消化酶活性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(4):736-743. SANG Y M,YANG Y,YIN H,et al.Effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance,body composition,liver biochemical indices,and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Chinese crucian carp[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2018,42(4):736-743.(in Chinese)
[26] LIU Y H,LI Y Y,FENG X C,et al.Dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum modulates serum lipid metabolism,meat quality,and the amino acid and fatty acid composition of Peking ducks[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(9):3218-3229.  
[27] 赵洋洋,李妍,韩永胜,等.谷饲饲粮粗蛋白质水平对荷斯坦公牛屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2020,53(2):431-439. ZHAO Y Y,LI Y,HAN Y S,et al.The slaughter characteristics and meat quality of Holstein bulls grain-fed under different dietary crude protein levels[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2020,53(2):431-439.(in Chinese)
[28] 黄攀,陆燕,茆达干,等.日粮多不饱和脂肪酸对畜禽肉品质的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2008,40(12):93-95. HUANG P,LU Y,MAO D G,et al.Impact of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on the meat quality[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2008,40(12):93-95.(in Chinese)
[29] 蒋守群,蒋宗勇,郑春田,等.饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(24):5205-5216. JIANG S Q,JIANG Z Y,ZHENG C T,et al.Effects of levels of dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein on growth performance and meat quality of Chinese yellow broilers between 43 and 63 days[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(24):5205-5216.(in Chinese)
[30] LI Y X,ZHANG Y F,WANG Y Q,et al.The effect of crude protein level in diets on serum biochemical indexes and intestinal microflora of yellow quails[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2011,10(7):534-536.  
[31] 司丙文,沈岩,邓凯东,等.日粮粗蛋白质水平对杜寒杂交断奶羔羊生长性能、血清生化及免疫指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(12):131-137. SI B W,SHEN Y,DENG K D,et al.Effects of crude protein levels on growth performance,serum biochemical and immune indexes in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred weaning lambs[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(12):131-137.(in Chinese)
[32] 赵骏,杨超,王传鹏,等.芹菜素对雄性小鼠肝脏组织总抗氧化能力、还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽值、丙二醛含量影响研究[J].中国医药导报,2013,10(18):7-9. ZHAO J,YANG C,WANG C P,et al.Effects of apigenin on T-AOC,GSH/GSSG and MDA in livers of male mice[J].China Medical Herald,2013,10(18):7-9.(in Chinese)
文章导航

/