研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

季节性放牧对牧草、牦牛瘤胃液和乳脂中脂肪酸组成的影响及其关联分析

  • 姚喜喜 ,
  • 刘温 ,
  • 徐成体 ,
  • 刘皓栋
展开
  • 1. 青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016;
    2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧与兽医研究所, 北京 100193;
    3. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810016;
    4. 甘肃畜牧工程职业技术学院, 武威 733006
姚喜喜(1989—),男,甘肃庆阳人,讲师,博士,主要从事反刍动物营养学与草地生态学研究。E-mail:1468046362@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-10-17

  网络出版日期: 2022-05-14

基金资助

国家自然科学基金联合基金(U20A2003);青海大学科研启动费资金项目(41510406);甘肃畜牧工程职业技术学院院列科研项目(GMY202004);甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2021A-270)

Effects of Seasonal Grazing on Fatty Acid Composition in Forage, Yak Rumen Fluid and Milk Fat and Their Correlation Analysis

  • YAO Xixi ,
  • LIU Wen ,
  • XU Chengti ,
  • LIU Haodong
Expand
  • 1. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    2. Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    3. Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    4. Gansu Polytechnic College of Animal Husbandry & Engineering, Wuwei 733006, China

Received date: 2021-10-17

  Online published: 2022-05-14

摘要

本研究旨在探讨季节性放牧对牧草、牦牛瘤胃液和乳脂中脂肪酸组成的影响。选取20头带犊大通泌乳牦牛[体重(251.5±10.5) kg],在春季(4—6月)、夏秋季(7—9月)、冬季(10—12月)连续9个月放牧。采集春季、夏季和冬季3个放牧季节牧草、放牧牦牛瘤胃液和常乳,测定和分析牧草、瘤胃液和乳脂中脂肪酸组成和含量。结果显示:夏季牧草中粗蛋白质、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、c9油酸、c9t11共轭亚油酸、t10c12共轭亚油酸、总共轭亚油酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于春季、冬季(P<0.05),春季显著高于冬季(P<0.05)。夏季放牧牦牛瘤胃液中乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸、t11油酸、c9t11共轭亚油酸、t10c12共轭亚油酸、总共轭亚油酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于春季、冬季(P<0.05),春季显著高于冬季(P<0.05)。夏季放牧牦牛乳脂中乳蛋白、乳脂、全乳总固体、非脂乳固体、乳糖、酪蛋白含量和酸度显著高于春季、冬季(P<0.05),春季与冬季差异不显著(P>0.05);夏季放牧牦牛乳脂中油酸、亚油酸、c9t11共轭亚油酸、t10c12共轭亚油酸、总共轭亚油酸以及多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于春季、冬季(P<0.05),春季显著高于冬季(P<0.05)。综上所述,夏季牧草、放牧牦牛瘤胃液和乳脂中总共轭亚油酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,冬季最低,建议选择夏季进行放牧,在冬季则对放牧带犊大通泌乳牦牛进行合理补饲,以保证有较高品质的乳脂供应。

本文引用格式

姚喜喜 , 刘温 , 徐成体 , 刘皓栋 . 季节性放牧对牧草、牦牛瘤胃液和乳脂中脂肪酸组成的影响及其关联分析[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(5) : 3046 -3055 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.05.033

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of seasonal grazing on the composition of fatty acids in forage, yak rumen fluid and milk fat. Twenty Datong lactating yaks[body weight (251.5±10.5) kg] with calves were selected to graze for 9 months. The forage, rumen fluid and normal milk of grazing yaks in spring (April to June), summer (July to September) and winter (October to December) were collected, respectively. The composition and contents of fatty acids in forage, rumen fluid and milk fat were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the contents of crude protein, myristic acid, palmitic acid, c9-oleic acid, c9t11-conjugated linoleic acid, t10c12-conjugated linoleic acid, total conjugated linoleic acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in forage in summer were significantly higher than those in spring and winter (P<0.05), and those in spring were significantly higher than those in winter (P<0.05). The contents of acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, total volatile fatty acids, t11-oleic acid, c9t11-conjugated linoleic acid, t10c12-conjugated linoleic acid, total conjugated linoleic acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in rumen fluid of grazing yaks in summer were significantly higher than those in spring and winter (P<0.05), and those in spring were significantly higher than those in winter (P<0.05). The contents of milk protein, milk fat, total milk solids, nonfat milk solids, lactose, casein and acidity in milk fat of grazing yaks in summer were significantly higher than those in spring and winter (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between spring and winter (P>0.05). The contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, c9t11-conjugated linoleic acid, t10c12-conjugated linoleic acid, total conjugated linoleic acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk fat of grazing yaks in summer were significantly higher than those in spring and winter (P<0.05), and those in spring were significantly higher than those in winter (P<0.05). To sum up, the contents of total conjugated linoleic acid and unsaturated fatty acids in forage, rumen fluid and milk fat of grazing yak in summer are the highest and in winter are the lowest. It is suggested to graze in summer and reasonably supplement grazing Datong lactating yaks with calves in winter to ensure high-quality milk fat supply.

参考文献

[1] LONG R J, DING L M, SHANG Z H, et al.The yak grazing system on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and its status[J].The Rangeland Journal, 2008, 30(2):241-246.  
[2] 江明锋, 韩晋, 黎万斌, 等.四川省牦牛产品加工行业的现状及分析[J].四川畜牧兽医, 2007, 34(5):37-38. JIANG M F, HAN J, LI W B, et al.Current situation and analysis of yak product processing industry in Sichuan province[J].Sichuan Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 2007, 34(5):37-38.(in Chinese)
[3] CHILLIARD Y, FERLAY A, MANSBRIDGE R M, et al.Ruminant milk fat plasticity:nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids[J].Animal Research, 2000, 49(3):181-205.  
[4] IP M M, MCGEE S O, MASSO-WELCH P A, et al.The t10, c12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid stimulates mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice over-expressing erbB2 in the mammary epithelium[J].Carcinogenesis, 2007, 28(6):1269-1276.  
[5] KNUTSEN T M, OLSEN H G, TAFINTSEVA V, et al.Unravelling genetic variation underlying de novo-synthesis of bovine milk fatty acids[J].Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1):2179.
[6] VLAEMINCK B, FIEVEZ V, CABRITAB A R J, et al.Factors affecting odd-and branched-chain fatty acids in milk:a review[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2006, 131(3/4):389-417.
[7] TORAL P G, MONAHAN F, HERVÁS G, et al.Review:modulating ruminal lipid metabolism to improve the fatty acid composition of meat and milk. Challenges and opportunities[J].Animal, 2018, 12(Suppl.2):S272-S281.
[8] 冯有胜, 谢芳, 丁红梅.影响反刍动物共轭亚油酸质量分数的因素[J].重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 22(6):551-555. FENG Y S, XIE F, DING H M.Factors of effects on content of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants[J].Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 22(6):551-555.(in Chinese)
[9] 薛秀恒, 王菊花, 王志耕.饲料调控对奶牛共轭亚油酸合成的影响[J].饲料博览, 2004(3):28-31. XUE X H, WANG J H, WANG Z G.Influence of feed regulation and control on diary conjugate linoleic acid synthetase[J].Feed Review, 2004(3):28-31.(in Chinese)
[10] 贺宁, 高强, 郭彩云.提高反刍动物终生生产性能的营养策略[J].中国饲料, 2019(20):70-74. HE N, GAO Q, GUO C Y.Nutrition strategies to improve the lifetime productivity of ruminants[J].China Feed, 2019(20):70-74.(in Chinese)
[11] 李艳玲, 孟庆翔.不同类型纤维对活体外瘤胃发酵和共轭亚油酸形成的影响[J].中国农业大学学报, 2006, 11(5):41-45. LI Y L, MENG Q X.Effect of different types of fiber on rumen fermentation and production of conjugated linoleic acids in vitro[J].Journal of China Agricultural University, 2006, 11(5):41-45.(in Chinese)
[12] CHOUINARD P Y, CORNEAU L, BARBANO D M, et al.Conjugated linoleic acids alter milk fatty acid composition and inhibit milk fat secretion in dairy cows[J].Journal of Nutrition, 1999, 129(8):1579-1584.  
[13] KOLVER E S, DE VETH M J.Prediction of ruminal PH from pasture-based diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2002, 85(5):1255-1266.  
[14] 姚喜喜, 才华, 刘皓栋, 等.不同季节高寒草甸牧草瘤胃发酵特性和体外消化率分析[J].草地学报, 2021, 29(8):1729-1737. YAO X X, CAI H, LIU H D, et al.Analysis of rumen fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of alpine meadow forage in different seasons[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(8):1729-1737.(in Chinese)
[15] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会.动植物油脂 脂肪酸甲酯的气相色谱分析:GB/T 17377-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2009. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Animal and vegetable fats and oils-analysis by gas chromatography of methyl esters of fatty acids:GB/T 17377-2008[S].Beijing:China Standards Press, 2009.(in Chinese)
[16] ČOP J, LAVRENČIČ A, KOŠMELJ K.Morphological development and nutritive value of herbage in five temperate grass species during primary growth:analysis of time dynamics[J].Grass and Forage Science, 2009, 64(2):122-131.  
[17] 杨占涛, 孔凡林, 王吉东, 等.甜菜碱与烟酰胺复合制剂对热应激奶牛生产性能、乳品质及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(6):3323-3333. YANG Z T, KONG F L, WANG J D, et al.Effects of betaine and niacinamide compound preparation on performance, milk quality and serum biochemical indexes of heat-stressed dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(6):3323-3333.(in Chinese)
[18] 唐传核, 徐建祥, 彭志英.脂肪酸营养与功能的最新研究[J].中国油脂, 2000, 25(6):20-23. TANG C H, XU J X, PENG Z Y.Recent study on nutrition and function of fatty acids[J].China Oils and Fats, 2000, 25(6):20-23.(in Chinese)
[19] 张晓庆, 张英俊, 闫伟红, 等.克氏针茅草原七种植物脂肪酸组分及其变化[J].中国草地学报, 2013, 35(1):116-120. ZHANG X Q, ZHANG Y J, YAN W H, et al.Composition and changes of fatty acid in seven herbages on Stipa grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2013, 35(1):116-120.(in Chinese)
[20] 傅彤, 刘庆生, 范志影, 等.应用离子色谱测定青贮饲料中有机酸含量的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2005, 32(5):16-17. FU T, LIU Q S, FAN Z Y, et al.Determination of organic acids in silage by ion chromatography[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2005, 32(5):16-17.(in Chinese)
[21] CHILLIARD Y, GLASSER F, FERLAY A, et al.Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat[J].European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2007, 109(8):828-855.  
[22] NIELSEN T S, STRAARUP E M, VESTERGAARD M, et al.Effect of silage type and concentrate level on conjugated linoleic acids, trans-C18:1 isomers and fat content in milk from dairy cows[J].Reproduction Nutrition Development, 2006, 46(6):699-712.  
[23] KLIEM K E, MORGAN R, HUMPHRIES D J, et al.Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition[J].Animal, 2008, 2(12):1850-1858.  
[24] BARRY T N.The feeding value of chicory (Cichorium intybus) for ruminant livestock[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1998, 131(3):251-257.  
[25] CRUSH J R, EVANS J P M.Shoot growth and herbage element concentrations of ‘Grasslands Puna’ chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) under varying soil pH[J].Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 1990, 51:163-166.
[26] NOBILLY F, BRYANT R H, MCKENZIE B A, et al.Productivity of rotationally grazed simple and diverse pasture mixtures under irrigation in Canterbury[J].Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 2013, 75:165-172.
[27] MINNEÉ E M K, CLARK C E F, CLARK D A.Herbage production from five grazable forages[J].Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 2013, 75:245-250.
[28] GLASSEY C B, CLARK C E F, ROACH C G, et al.Herbicide application and direct drilling improves establishment and yield of chicory and plantain[J].Grass and Forage Science, 2013, 68(1):178-185.  
[29] MINNEÉ E M K, WAGHORN G C, LEE J M, et al.Including chicory or plantain in a perennial ryegrass/white clover-based diet of dairy cattle in late lactation:feed intake, milk production and rumen digestion[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2017, 227:52-61.
文章导航

/