研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

哺乳期补饲开食料对牦牛犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发育和微生物区系的影响

  • 王音 ,
  • 郭文杰 ,
  • 郝文君 ,
  • 崔占鸿 ,
  • 刘书杰
展开
  • 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心, 青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室, 西宁 810016
王音(1996—),女,河南南阳人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物营养研究。E-mail:291346929@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-10-10

  网络出版日期: 2022-05-14

基金资助

青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2020-ZJ-911)

Effects of Supplementary Starter Feed on Growth Performance, Rumen Development and Microbiome of Yak Calves during Lactation

  • WANG Yin ,
  • GUO Wenjie ,
  • HAO Wenjun ,
  • CUI Zhanhong ,
  • LIU Shujie
Expand
  • Qinghai Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Key Laboratory, Qinghai Yak Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received date: 2021-10-10

  Online published: 2022-05-14

摘要

本试验旨在探究在饲喂苜蓿干草的基础上,补饲开食料对代乳牦牛犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发育和微生物区系的影响。选取体况接近的30日龄牦牛犊牛(公)20头,随机分为2组,在饲喂代乳粉的基础上,对照组(RA组)饲喂苜蓿干草,试验组(RAS组)饲喂苜蓿干草和开食料。所有试验犊牛自由饮水,单栏饲养,每天记录干物质采食量。试验预试期14 d,正试验120 d。试验结束后每组随机选择5头进行屠宰,收集瘤胃液并采集瘤胃组织,观测瘤胃发酵参数、瘤胃组织形态和微生物区系的组成。结果表明:1) RAS组犊牛在试验末期体重极显著高于RA组(P<0.01),干物质采食量显著高于RA组(P<0.05)。2)与RA组相比,RAS组犊牛瘤胃液氨态氮浓度极显著提高了33.74%(P<0.01),微生物蛋白(MCP)的含量显著提高了31.30%(P<0.05);RA组犊牛瘤胃液乙酸浓度显著高于RAS组(P<0.05),RAS组戊酸浓度显著高于RA组(P<0.05)。3) RAS组犊牛瘤胃上皮发育颜色加深,其瘤胃乳头长度极显著高于RA组(P<0.01)。4) RA组的操作分类单元(OTU)数目显著高于RAS组(P<0.05);在门水平上,RA组拟杆菌门的相对丰度极显著高于RAS组(P<0.01),RAS组变形菌门相对丰度极显著高于RA组(P<0.01);在属水平上,RAS组甲烷短杆菌属和瘤胃球菌属的相对丰度显著高于RA组(P<0.05),RA组奎因氏菌属的相对丰度极显著高于RAS组(P<0.01)。综上所述,哺乳期补饲开食料显著提高了牦牛犊牛的干物质采食量和体重,改变了瘤胃微生物菌群多样性及丰度,正向调控了瘤胃形态和功能的发育,为青藏高原地区牦牛犊牛健康高质量培育以及科学调控其饲粮营养水平提供了重要依据。

本文引用格式

王音 , 郭文杰 , 郝文君 , 崔占鸿 , 刘书杰 . 哺乳期补饲开食料对牦牛犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发育和微生物区系的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(5) : 3066 -3076 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.05.035

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of supplementary starter feed on growth performance, rumen development and microbiome of dairy yak calves. Twenty 30-day-old yak calves (male) with similar body conditions were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group. On the basis of feeding milk replacer, the control group was fed alfalfa hay (RA group), and the experimental group was fed alfalfa hay and starter (RAS group). All the experimental calves were free to drink water and fed in a single column, and the dry matter intake was recorded every day. The adaptation period was 14 days and the formal test period was 120 days. At the end of the experiment, 5 individuals in each group were randomly selected for slaughter. Rumen fluid and rumen tissues were collected. Rumen fermentation parameters, rumen morphology and microbial flora composition were observed. The results showed as follows:1) the body weight in RAS group was extremely significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.01), and the dry matter intake was higher than that in RA group (P<0.05). 2) The rumen ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in RAS group was extremely significantly increased by 33.74% (P<0.01), and the microbial protein content was increased by 31.30% (P<0.05). The rumen acetic acid concentration in RA group was significantly higher than that in RAS group (P<0.05). The concentration of valeric acid in RAS group was significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.05). 3) The rumen color in RAS group was deepened, and the length of nipple was extremely significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.01). 4) The number of operational taxonomic unit in RA group was significantly higher than that in RAS group (P<0.05), at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in RA group was extremely significantly higher than that in RAS group (P<0.01), and the abundance of Proteobacteria in RAS group was extremely significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.01). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Methanobacterium and Rumenococcus in RAS group was significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Quinnella in RA group was extremely significantly higher than that in RAS group (P<0.01). In summary, supplementary starter feed during lactation significantly increase the dry matter intake and body weight of yak calves, change the diversity and abundance of rumen microbial flora, and positively regulate the good development of rumen morphology and function, providing an important basis for high-quality cultivation and the nutritional level of nutrition of yak calves in the Qinghai Tibet plateau.

参考文献

[1] LIN L M, XIE F, SUN D M, et al.Ruminal microbiome-host crosstalk stimulates the development of the ruminal epithelium in a lamb model[J].Microbiome, 2019, 7(1):83.
[2] CUI Z H, WU S R, LIU S J, et al.From maternal grazing to barn feeding during pre-weaning period:altered gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to change the development and function of the rumen and intestine of yak calves[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 11:485.
[3] MISRA A K, SINGH D.Rearing of calf:a scientific approach[J].Indian Dairyman, 2012, 64:526-529.
[4] 云强.蛋白水平及Lys/Met对断奶犊牛生长、消化代谢及瘤胃发育的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院, 2010. YUN Q.Effects of protein level and Lys/Met on performance, nutrient digestibility and rumen development for weaned calves[D].Master's Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2010.(in Chinese)
[5] 高宝山.代乳粉与开食料对犊牛生长发育影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院, 2013. GAO B S.The effect of milk replacer and starter on growth and development in calves[D].Master's Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2013.(in Chinese)
[6] KARASOV W H, MARTÍNEZ DEL RIO C, CAVIEDES-VIDAL E.Ecological physiology of diet and digestive systems[J].Annual Review of Physiology, 2011, 73:69-93.
[7] YEOMAN C J, WHITE B A.Gastrointestinal tract microbiota and probiotics in production animals[J].Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, 2014, 2:469-486.
[8] 李洋.亚急性瘤胃酸中毒对奶山羊瘤胃上皮挥发性脂肪酸吸收的影响及其机制研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2019. LI Y.Effects of subacute rumen acidosis on absorption of volatile fatty acids from rumen epithelium in dairy goats and its mechanism[D].Master's Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[9] ALIPOUR M J, JALANKA J, PESSA-MORIKAWA T, et al.The composition of the perinatal intestinal microbiota in cattle[J].Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1):10437.
[10] KAMADA N, CHEN G Y, INOHARA N, et al.Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota[J].Nature Immunology, 2013, 14(7):685-690.  
[11] CUI Z H, WU S R, LI J L, et al.Effect of alfalfa hay and starter feeding intervention on gastrointestinal microbial community, growth and immune performance of yak calves[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 11:994.
[12] 冯宗慈, 高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学, 2010, 31(Z1):37. FENG Z C, GAO M.The improvement of colorimetric method for determination of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2010, 31(Z1):37.(in Chinese)
[13] 毕思思.黄芪属植物对牦牛与黄牛体外发酵特征的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:兰州大学, 2019. BI S S.Effects of Astragalus plants on in vitro fermentation characteristics of yak and cattle[D].Master's Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[14] 孙鹏飞.简述放牧牦牛补饲精料的必要性[J].养殖与饲料, 2021, 20(7):61-62. SUN P F.Brief description of the necessity of supplementary concentrate for grazing yak[J].Animals Breeding and Feed, 2021, 20(7):61-62.(in Chinese)
[15] 王书祥, 戴东文, 杨英魁, 等.补饲精料对冷季放牧牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及菌群结构的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(11):6266-6276. WANG S X, DAI D W, YANG Y K, et al.Effects of concentrate supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation and microbial community structure of grazing yaks in cold season[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(11):6266-6276.(in Chinese)
[16] 完玛措.寒冷季节犊牛补饲试验研究[J].畜牧兽医科学(电子版), 2021(8):4-5. WANMACUO.Experimental study on supplementary feeding of calves in cold season[J].Graziery Veterinary Sciences (Electronic Version), 2021(8):4-5.(in Chinese)
[17] 黄文植, 张晓卫, 夏洪泽, 等.冷季补饲矿物质盐砖对放牧牦牛犊牛体增重、瘤胃发酵和血清矿物元素含量的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(11):6300-6308. HUANG W Z, ZHANG X W, XIA H Z, et al.Effects of mineral salt brick supplement on body weight gain, rumen fermentation and serum mineral element contents of grazing yak calves in cold season[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(11):6300-6308.(in Chinese)
[18] TERRÉ M, PEDRALS E, DALMAU A, et al.What do preweaned and weaned calves need in the diet:a high fiber content or a forage source?[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2013, 96(8):5217-5225.  
[19] 崔占鸿.牦牛犊牛培育方式对生长和消化道发育的影响[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2020. CUI Z H.Effects of rearing patterns on growth and digstive tract development in yak calves[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2020.(in Chinese)
[20] BROWNLEE A.The development of rumen papillae in cattle fed on different diets[J].British Veterinary Journal, 1956, 112(9):369-375.  
[21] SANDER E G, WARNER R G, HARRISON H N, et al.The stimulatory effect of sodium butyrate and sodium propionate on the development of rumen mucosa in the young calf[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 1959, 42(9):1600-1605.  
[22] ANDERSON K L, NAGARAJA T G, MORRILL J L, et al.Ruminal microbial development in conventionally or early-weaned calves[J].Journal of Animal Science, 1987, 64(4):1215-1226.  
[23] SWEENEY B C, RUSHEN J, WEARY D M, et al.Duration of weaning, starter intake, and weight gain of dairy calves fed large amounts of milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2010, 93(1):148-152.  
[24] XIE X X, MENG Q X, LIU P, et al.Effects of a mixture of steam-flaked corn and extruded soybeans on performance, ruminal development, ruminal fermentation, and intestinal absorptive capability in veal calves[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2013, 91(9):4315-4321.  
[25] LIU J H, BIAN G R, SUN D M, et al.Starter feeding supplementation alters colonic mucosal bacterial communities and modulates mucosal immune homeostasis in newborn lambs[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017, 8:429.
[26] YANG B, LE J Q, WU P, et al.Alfalfa intervention alters rumen microbial community development in Hu lambs during early life[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018, 9:574.
[27] GÓRKA P, KOWALSKI Z M, ZABIELSKI R, et al.Invited review:use of butyrate to promote gastrointestinal tract development in calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2018, 101(6):4785-4800.  
[28] 张彩英, 胡国良, 曹华斌.反刍动物瘤胃内环境的特点及调控措施[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2010, 37(4):18-20. ZHANG C Y, HU G L, CAO H B.Characteristics and control measures of rumen internal environment in ruminants[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2010, 37(4):18-20.(in Chinese)
[29] FIRKINS J L, YU Z, MORRISON M.Ruminal nitrogen metabolism:perspectives for integration of microbiology and nutrition for dairy[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2007, 90(Suppl.1):E1-E16.
[30] MICHALSKI J P, KOWALCZYK J, CZAUDERNA M, et al.Incorporation of endogenous urea nitrogen into the amino acids of bacterial protein in the rumen of goats fed diets with various protein levels[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2013, 22(4):311-315.  
[31] AGLE M, HRISTOV A N, ZAMAN S, et al.Effect of dietary concentrate on rumen fermentation, digestibility, and nitrogen losses in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2010, 93(9):4211-4222.  
[32] ØRSKOV E R, MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1979, 92(2):499-503.  
[33] VAN HOUTERT M F J.The production and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by ruminants fed roughages:a review[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1993, 43(3/4):189-225.
[34] SATTER L D, SUTTIE J W, RAUMGARDT B R.Dietary induced changes in volatile fatty acid formation from α-cellulose-C14 and hemicellulose-C14[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 1964, 47(12):1365-1370.  
[35] 刘敏雄.反刍动物消化生理学[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社, 1991. LIU M X.Digestive physiology of ruminants[M].Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press, 1991.(in Chinese)
[36] 王文奇, 罗永明, 刘艳丰, 等.不同棉秆水平全混合日粮对绵羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J].新疆农业科学, 2015, 52(11):2111-2116. WANG W Q, LUO Y M, LIU Y F, et al.Effects of diets with different cotton stalk levels of total mixed ration on growth performance and rumen fermentation parameters in sheep[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 52(11):2111-2116.(in Chinese)
[37] 马涛, 崔凯, 张成福, 等.不同培育模式对牦牛犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(4):2055-2062. MA T, CUI K, ZHANG C F, et al.Effects of different feeding modes on growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters and serum biochemical indices of yak calves[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(4):2055-2062.(in Chinese)
[38] BEN SALEM H, NEFZAOUI A, MAKKAR H P S, et al.Effect of early experience and adaptation period on voluntary intake, digestion, and growth in Barbarine lambs given tannin-containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl.foliage) or tannin-free (oaten hay) diets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005, 122(1/2):59-77.
[39] ABECIA L, WADDAMS K E, MARTÍNEZ-FERNANDEZ G, et al.An antimethanogenic nutritional intervention in early life of ruminants modifies ruminal colonization by archaea[J].Archaea, 2014, 2014:841463.
[40] CARBERRY C A, WATERS S M, KENNY D A, et al.Rumen methanogenic genotypes differ in abundance according to host residual feed intake phenotype and diet type[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2014, 80(2):586-594.  
[41] 马满鹏, 王炳, 屠焰, 等.日粮纤维水平和来源影响犊牛生长和胃肠道发育的研究[J].家畜生态学报, 2019, 40(5):7-12. MA M P, WANG B, TU Y, et al.Effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on calf growth and gastrointestinal development[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology, 2019, 40(5):7-12.(in Chinese)
[42] 杨硕, 卢洋洋, 韦玥瑞, 等.补饲精料对大青山绒山羊瘤胃细菌及产甲烷菌多样性的影响[J].畜牧与兽医, 2020, 52(8):50-55. YANG S, LU Y Y, WEI Y R, et al.Effect of supplementary feeding on the diversity of rumen bacteria and methanogens in grazing Daqingshan cashmere goats[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 52(8):50-55.(in Chinese)
[43] DORRESTEIN P C, MAZMANIAN S K, KNIGHT R.Finding the missing links among metabolites, microbes, and the host[J].Immunity, 2014, 40(6):824-832.  
[44] DE OLIVEIRA M N V, JEWELL K A, FREITAS F S, et al.Characterizing the microbiota across the gastrointestinal tract of a Brazilian Nelore steer[J].Veterinary Microbiology, 2013, 164(3/4):307-314.
[45] 吴琼, 王思珍, 张适, 等.基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析中国西门塔尔牛瘤胃微生物多样性和功能预测的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(5):1370-1378. WU Q, WANG S Z, ZHANG S, et al.Analysis of rumen microbial diversity and functional prediction of Chinese Simmental cattle based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(5):1370-1378.(in Chinese)
[46] PITTA D W, PINCHAK W E, INDUGU N, et al.Metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome of steers with wheat-induced frothy bloat[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016, 7:689.
[47] MORGAVI D P, KELLY W J, JANSSEN P H, et al.Rumen microbial (meta) genomics and its application to ruminant production[J].Animal, 2013, 7(Suppl.1):184-201.
[48] HOOK S E, WRIGHT A D G, MCBRIDE B W.Methanogens:methane producers of the rumen and mitigation strategies[J].Archaea, 2010, 2010:945785.
[49] FLINT H J, BAYER E A, RINCON M T, et al.Polysaccharide utilization by gut bacteria:potential for new insights from genomic analysis[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2008, 6(2):121-131.  
[50] KABEL M A, YEOMAN C J, HAN Y J, et al.Biochemical characterization and relative expression levels of multiple carbohydrate esterases of the xylanolytic rumen bacterium Prevotella ruminicola 23 grown on an ester-enriched substrate[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2011, 77(16):5671-5681.  
文章导航

/