动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 6: 3686 - 3698

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.06.030

研究论文 RESEARCHPAPER

抗菌肽对荷斯坦奶公牛产肉性能的影响

  • 孙建祥 ,
  • 李泽民 ,
  • 范凯利 ,
  • 张晓 ,
  • 程强 ,
  • 张照 ,
  • 张瑞 ,
  • 贾莉 ,
  • 史金平 ,
  • 王瑛 ,
  • 马越 ,
  • 雷赵民
展开
  • 1. 甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院, 兰州 730070;
    2. 甘肃旭康食品有限责任公司, 平凉 744300;
    3. 甘肃华瑞农业股份有限公司, 张掖 734000
孙建祥(1995—),男,甘肃环县人,硕士研究生,动物营养与饲料科学专业。E-mail:2276554137@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-11-04

  网络出版日期: 2022-06-14

基金资助

甘肃省高校产业支撑项目（2020C-08）；甘肃省教育厅"双一流"科研重点项目（GSSYLXM-02）；甘肃肉牛品质育肥专项（GSA-XMLZ-2021-01）；甘肃省现代丝路寒旱农业专项（GSSLCSX-2020-1）；甘肃省科技厅项目（17ZD2NC020）；甘肃现代农业（草食畜）产业技术体系项目（GARS-CS-1）

收起

Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on Meat Performance of Holstein Dairy Bulls

  • SUN Jianxiang ,
  • LI Zemin ,
  • FAN Kaili ,
  • ZHANG Xiao ,
  • CHENG Qiang ,
  • ZHANG Zhao ,
  • ZHANG Rui ,
  • JIA Li ,
  • SHI Jinping ,
  • WANG Ying ,
  • MA Yue ,
  • LEI Zhaomin
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    2. Gansu Xukang Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Pingliang 744300, China;
    3. Gansu Huarui Agriculture Co., Ltd., Zhangye 734000, China

Received date: 2021-11-04

  Online published: 2022-06-14

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在探究抗菌肽对荷斯坦去势奶公牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、血液生理指标和经济效益的影响。选取18头10月龄左右、健康状况良好、体重为（351.62±4.69） kg的荷斯坦去势奶公牛，随机分为2个组，每组3个重复，每个重复3头牛。对照组（CON组）饲喂基础饲粮，抗菌肽组（AP组）在基础饲粮中添加8 g/（d·头）抗菌肽。预试期30 d，正试期270 d，每30 d为1个阶段，共9个（Ⅰ~Ⅸ）阶段。试验Ⅰ、Ⅴ、Ⅸ阶段，静脉采血用于血液生理指标测定；试验结束屠宰后测定屠宰性能、肉品质。结果表明：1） AP组终末体重和平均日增重显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。2） AP组宰前活重、头重、蹄重、净肉重、骨重、净肉率和胴体产肉率显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。3） AP组热胴体重、72 h冷胴体重、胴体后腿宽、皮下脂肪覆盖度和眼肌面积显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。4） AP组高档肉重、优质肉重和优质肉占宰前活重比例显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。AP组肌肉pH和粗脂肪含量显著高于CON组（P<0.05），肌肉水分含量、滴水损失和剪切力显著低于CON组（P<0.05）。5）试验Ⅰ阶段，2组之间血液生理指标没有显著差异（P>0.05）；试验Ⅴ阶段，AP组血液平均红细胞体积和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量显著高于CON组（P<0.05）；试验Ⅸ阶段，AP组血液红细胞压积和平均红细胞体积显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。6） AP组增重和增重收益显著高于CON组（P<0.05），AP组利润比CON组提高了1 964.42元/头。由此可见，饲粮中添加抗菌肽可提高荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能、屠宰性能和经济效益，改善肉品质，提高机体免疫功能。

关键词： 抗菌肽; 荷斯坦奶公牛; 生长性能; 屠宰性能; 肉品质

本文引用格式

孙建祥 , 李泽民 , 范凯利 , 张晓 , 程强 , 张照 , 张瑞 , 贾莉 , 史金平 , 王瑛 , 马越 , 雷赵民 . 抗菌肽对荷斯坦奶公牛产肉性能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(6) : 3686 -3698 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.06.030

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, blood physiological indexes and economic benefit of castrated Holstein dairy bulls. Eighteen 10-month-old healthy castrated Holstein dairy bulls with the body weight of (351.62±4.69) kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates per group and 3 bulls per replicate. Bulls in the control group (CON group) were fed a basal diet, and others in antimicrobial peptides group (AP group) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 8 g/(d·head) antimicrobial peptides. The pre-test period was 30 days, and the trial period was 270 days, every 30 days was a stage, and there were 9 stages (Ⅰ to Ⅸ stages). Venous blood was collected at stages Ⅰ, Ⅴ and Ⅸ for blood physiological indexes measurement; the slaughter performance and meat quality were determined after slaughter at end of test. The result showed as follows:1) the final weight and average daily gain of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05). 2) The live weight, head weight, hoof weight, net meat weight, bone weight, net meat rate and carcass production rate of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05). 3) The hot carcass weight, 72 h cold carcass weight, carcass hind legs wide, subcutaneous fat coverage and eye muscle area of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05). 4) The high-grade meat weight, high-quality meat weight and proportion of high-quality meat to live weight before slaughter of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05). The muscle pH and ether extract content of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05), and the muscle moisture content, drip loss and shear force were significantly lower than those of the CON group (P<0.05). 5) At test stage Ⅰ, there were no significant differences in blood physiological indexes between 2 groups (P>0.05); at test stage Ⅴ, the average red blood cell volume and average red blood cell hemoglobin content in blood of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05); at test stage Ⅸ, the hematocrit and average red blood cell volume in blood of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05). 6) The weight gain and weight gain profits of the AP group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (P<0.05), and the benefit of the AP group was increased by 1 964.42 RMB/head compared with the CON group. In summary, dietary antimicrobial peptides can promote the growth performance, slaughter performance, economic benefits, meat quality and body immune function of Holstein dairy bulls.

Key words： antimicrobial peptides; Holstein dairy bulls; growth performance; slaughter performance; meat quality

参考文献

[1] 任继周, 李发弟, 曹建民, 等.我国牛羊肉产业的发展现状、挑战与出路[J].中国工程科学, 2019, 21(5):67-73. REN J Z, LI F D, CAO J M, et al.Development status, challenges, and solutions of China's beef and mutton industry[J].Engineering Science, 2019, 21(5):67-73.(in Chinese)
[2] 佚名.农业部市场预警专家委员会发布《中国农业展望报告(2015-2024)》[C]//专家天地 (2015年第二期 总第十八期), 北京:中国老教授协会, 2015:6-13. Anon.The market marly warning expert committee of the ministry of agriculture released the"China agriculture outlook report (2015-2024)"[C]//Experts' World (2015 Second Issue, Total Eighteenth Issue), Beijing:China Senior Professors Association, 2015:6-13.(in Chinese)
[3] ZANETTI M.Cathelicidins, multifunctional peptides of the innate immunity[J].Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2004, 75(1):39-48.  
[4] MITTA G, VANDENBULCKE F, NOËL T, et al.Differential distribution and defence involvement of antimicrobial peptides in mussel[J].Journal of Cell Science, 2000, 113(Pt.15):2759-2769.
[5] ANDREU D, RIVAS L.Animal antimicrobial peptides:an overview[J].Biopolymers, 1998, 47(6):415-433.  
[6] 胡荣贵, 李改瑞, 陆家海.抗菌肽在抗肿瘤方面的研究进展[J].实用肿瘤杂志, 2010, 25(2):227-230. HU R G, LI G R, LU J H.Research progress of antimicrobial peptides in anti-tumor[J].Journal of Practical Oncology, 2010, 25(2):227-230.(in Chinese)
[7] 孙武, 马世科, 王书祥.替抗在畜禽养殖业中的研究进展[J].饲料研究, 2021, 44(16):141-144. SUN W, MA S K, WANG S X.Recent advances on antibiotic substitutes in livestock and poultry industry[J].Feed Research, 2021, 44(16):141-144.(in Chinese)
[8] 周芬, 吴义景, 杨家军, 等.抗菌肽对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料, 2021(13):43-46. ZHOU F, WU Y J, YANG J J, et al.The effect of antibacterial peptides on the production performance, egg quality and blood biochemical indexes of laying hens[J].China Feed, 2021(13):43-46.(in Chinese)
[9] 蒋翔, 李锦强.抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、抗氧化性及免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究, 2021, 44(14):42-45. JIANG X, LI J Q.Effect of antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, diarrhea rate, antioxidant performance and immune function of weaned piglets[J].Feed Research, 2021, 44(14):42-45.(in Chinese)
[10] REN Z H, YAO R J, LIU Q, et al.Effects of antibacterial peptides on rumen fermentation function and rumen microorganisms in goats[J].PLoS One, 2019, 14(8):e0221815.
[11] 柳涵, 王国富, 高树新.抗菌肽对奶牛生产性能及乳腺炎抗性的作用[J].新农业, 2014(11):17-20. LIU H, WANG G F, GAO S X.Effects of antimicrobial peptides on dairy cow performance and mastitis resistance[J].Modern Agriculture, 2014(11):17-20.(in Chinese)
[12] 陈幼春.现代肉牛生产[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1999:150-152. CHEN Y C.Modern beef cattle production[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1999:150-152.(in Chinese)
[13] 刘婷, 吴建平, 宫旭胤, 等.牛至精油对甘肃高山细毛羊肉品质、脂肪酸组成及含量和抗氧化性能的影响[J].食品与发酵工业, 2020, 46(9):164-170. LIU T, WU J P, GONG X Y, et al.Effect of oregano essential oil on meat quality, fatty acid profiles and antioxidant capacity of Gansu Alpine fine-wool sheep[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2020, 46(9):164-170.(in Chinese)
[14] 李静.抗菌肽的生物学特性及在畜禽养殖中的应用[J].现代畜牧科技, 2021(9):23-24. LI J.Biological functions of antimicrobial peptides and its application in livestock and poultry breeding[J].Modern Animal Husbandry Science & Technology, 2021(9):23-24.(in Chinese)
[15] 张智安, 李世易, 武刚, 等.蜜蜂肽对育肥湖羊生长性能和瘤胃微生物区系的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(2):756-764. ZHANG Z A, LI S Y, WU G, et al.Effects of honeybee peptide on growth performance and rumen microflora of fattening Hu sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(2):756-764.(in Chinese)
[16] 梁秀丽, 马发顺, 韩方方, 等.抗菌肽B-13对初生仔猪生长性能、小肠结构及盲肠微生物的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2020, 56(1):153-158. LIANG X L, MA F S, HAN F F, et al.Effects of antimicrobial peptide B-13 on growth performance, small intestine structure and cecal microorganisms of newborn piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2020, 56(1):153-158.(in Chinese)
[17] 王建.饲粮添加抗菌肽Api-PR19对肉鸡生长性能及肠道健康的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2019. WANG J.Effects of Api-PR19 on growth performance and intestine health of broiler chickens[D].Master's Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[18] 李世易.蜜蜂肽对湖羊生产性能及瘤胃微生物区系的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:兰州大学, 2019. LI S Y.The effect of apidaecin on the performances and rumen microflora of Hu sheep[D].Master's Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[19] 李金莲.日粮中添加不同水平抗菌肽对肉鸡屠宰性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2015(14):67-68. LI J L.The effect of adding different levels of antimicrobial peptides in the diet on the slaughter performance and intestinal flora of broilers[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2015(14):67-68.(in Chinese)
[20] 刘靖康, 姜宁, 张爱忠, 等.抗菌肽CC31对羔羊屠宰性能及免疫器官发育的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2018(10):154-156. LIU J K, JIANG N, ZHANG A Z, et al.Effects of antimicrobial peptide CC31 on slaughter performance and immune organs development of lambs[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2018(10):154-156.(in Chinese)
[21] 苗旭, 刘彦, 贺军, 等.抗菌肽对肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质影响的研究[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽), 2020, 40(10):27-31. MIAO X, LIU Y, HE J, et al.Study on the effect of antimicrobial peptide on the performance of broiler slaughtering and meat[J].Animal Science Abroad (Pigs and Poultry), 2020, 40(10):27-31.(in Chinese)
[22] 李瑞, 韦良开, 侯改凤, 等.饲粮添加抗菌肽制剂对肥育猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响[J].养猪, 2018(3):49-51. LI R, WEI L K, HOU G F, et al.Effects of supplementing diet with antimicrobial peptide on carcass and meat quality of finishing pigs[J].Swine Production, 2018(3):49-51.(in Chinese)
[23] 赵万余.当前我国高档肉牛饲养技术研究现状及展望[J].中国牛业科学, 2018, 44(1):49-51. ZHAO W Y.Present situation and prospect of high-grade beef cattle feeding technology in China[J].China Cattle Science, 2018, 44(1):49-51.(in Chinese)
[24] 王嘉博, 孙芳, 吴宏达, 等.利用奶公牛育肥生产高档牛肉[J].中国牛业科学, 2014, 40(4):13-15. WANG J B, SUN F, WU H D, et al.Effect of different nutrient levels on meat production of carcass segmentation meat of dairy bull calves[J].China Cattle Science, 2014, 40(4):13-15.(in Chinese)
[25] 刘晓畅, 张寿, 孙宝忠, 等.牦牛肉品质特性研究进展[J].肉类研究, 2020, 34(11):78-83. LIU X C, ZHANG S, SUN B Z, et al.Progress in understanding quality characteristics of yak meat[J].Meat Research, 2020, 34(11):78-83.(in Chinese)
[26] ZOU Y, HU X M, ZHANG T, et al.Effects of dietary oregano essential oil and vitamin E supplementation on meat quality, stress response and intestinal morphology in pigs following transport stress[J].The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2017, 79(2):328-335.  
[27] 郭忠欣, 王天奇.抗菌肽对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究, 2021, 44(8):37-40. GUO Z X, WANG T Q.Effect of antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and immune function of broilers[J].Feed Research, 2021, 44(8):37-40.(in Chinese)
[28] 万红玲, 雒林通, 吴建平.牦牛肉品质特性研究进展[J].畜牧兽医杂志, 2012, 31(1):36-40. WAN H L, LUO L T, WU J P.Research advances in yak meat quality characteristics[J].Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2012, 31(1):36-40.(in Chinese)
[29] 周光宏.畜产品加工学[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社, 2011:60-61. ZHOU G H.Animal products processing[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2011:60-61.(in Chinese)
[30] NOOSEN P, LOUNGLAWAN P, SUKSOMBAT W.Linseed oil supplemented concentrate fed to Brahman crossbred fattening steers on carcass quality traits and intramuscular fatty acid profiles[J].Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 2017, 39(1):1-10.
[31] 杨玉荣, 梁宏德, 尹清强, 等.益生素和抗菌肽联合应用对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和鸡舍氨气浓度的影响[J].饲料博览, 2012(9):1-4. YANG Y R, LIANG H D, YIN Q Q, et al.Effect of probiotics and antibacterial peptide on growth performance, quality of meat and henhouse ammonia gas of broilers[J].Feed Review, 2012(9):1-4.(in Chinese)
[32] 张贤.西藏牦牛肉品质分析与评价[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2017. ZHANG X.The quality analysis and evaluation of Tibet yak meat[D].Master's Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A & F University, 2017.(in Chinese)
[33] 熊云霞, 肖昊, 吴绮雯, 等.不同屠宰体重对肥育猪胴体性状和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(4):1986-2000. XIONG Y X, XIAO H, WU Q W, et al.Effects of slaughter weight on carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(4):1986-2000.(in Chinese)
[34] 任莉, 吴少玉, 赵丹凤, 等.纳豆菌抗菌脂肽对肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].山东畜牧兽医, 2020, 41(12):1-2, 5. REN L, WU S Y, ZHAO D F, et al.Effects of natto bacteria antibacterial lipopeptide on the slaughter performance and the meat quality of broilers[J].Shandong Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 41(12):1-2, 5.(in Chinese)
[35] 李宏, 吴建平, 宋淑珍, 等.相对饲养水平对阿勒泰羊生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(4):1927-1935. LI H, WU J P, SONG S Z, et al.Effects of relative feeding level on growth performance, slaughter performance, organ development and meat quality of Altai sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(4):1927-1935.(in Chinese)
[36] 张智安, 周文静, 潘发明, 等.粗饲料中不同全株玉米青贮比例对湖羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、肉品质及血液生理指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(9):4998-5006. ZHANG Z A, ZHOU W J, PAN F M, et al.Effects of different ratios of whole-plant corn silage in roughage on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestion, meat quality and blood physiological indexes of Hu sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(9):4998-5006.(in Chinese)
[37] SALUK J, BIJAK M, PONCZEK M B, et al.The formation, metabolism and the evolution of blood platelets[J].Postepy Higieny i Medycyny Doswiadczalnej (Online), 2014, 68:384-391.
[38] 秦龙.抗菌肽CC31单体肽和串联肽对羔羊小肠生长发育、免疫及盲肠菌群的影响[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2018. QIN L.Effect of anti-peptide CC31 monomer and tandem peptide on small intestine growth, development, immunity and caesal microbiota of lamb[D].Master's Thesis.Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2018.(in Chinese)
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2