本试验旨在研究夏季饲粮中添加富硒酵母对皖东黄牛体重、血常规、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响。选取年龄、体重相近的健康肉牛30头,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组,每组5个重复,每个重复2头。各组试验牛饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组每天每头牛分别单独补饲10和20 g的富硒酵母。在试验开始和结束时测定肉牛体重,在第15、30、45天颈静脉采血,测定血常规,分离血清测定血清生化指标及抗氧化指标。结果表明:1)各组间终末体重显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与对照组、试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组全血中白细胞、单核细胞数量在第15、30天显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组全血中淋巴细胞数量在第15天相比试验Ⅱ组和对照组极显著降低(P<0.01),在第30天相比试验Ⅱ组显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组全血中中性粒细胞数量在第15天相比对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组全血中红细胞压积、红细胞血红蛋白浓度在第15、45天与其他组存在显著或极显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组血清总胆红素含量在第15、30、45天均显著升高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组血清尿素含量在第30天与对照组、试验Ⅰ组相比极显著降低(P<0.01)。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组血清总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性在第15、30、45天均显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性在第15、30天相比对照组均显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。5)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组在第15天血清羟自由基含量显著下降(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组在第30天血清羟自由基含量显著下降(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组血清丙二醛含量在第30、45天显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,夏季饲粮中添加富硒酵母对肉牛体重无显著影响,但显著提高了皖东黄牛的血中免疫细胞数量,有利于提高机体免疫力,同时显著增强了血清抗氧化能力,有利于维持机体夏季高温环境下的健康状态,适当剂量的富硒酵母可作为夏季饲粮添加剂维持肉牛健康状态。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary adding selenium-enriched yeast in summer on weight, blood routine, serum biochemical indexes and serum antioxidant function of Wandong cattle. Thirty healthy fattening beef cattle with the similar age and weight were randomly divided into control group, trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ, with 5 replicates in each group and 2 heads per replicate. Cattles were fed a basic diet, and 10 and 20 g of selenium-rich yeast were separately added to each cattle of the diet in trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ. The weight of the beef cattle at the beginning and end of the trial was measured. Blood was collected from the jugular vein to determine the blood routine indexes, and isolated serum to determine the indexes of biochemistry and antioxidant at days 15, 30 and 45. The results showed as follows: 1) there was no significant effect on final weight among groups (P>0.05). 2) Compared with trial group Ⅰ and the control group, the number of white blood cells and monocytes in trial group Ⅱ were significantly increased at days 15 and 30 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The number of lymphocytes in trial group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in trial group Ⅱ and the control group at day 15 (P<0.01) and was significantly lower at day 30 (P<0.05). The number of neutrophils in trial group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in the control group at day 15 (P<0.05). The hematocrit and mean hemoglobin concentrations in trial group Ⅰ were significantly different from those in other groups at days 15 and 45 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3) Compared with the control group, the total bilirubin content in serum in trial group Ⅱ was significantly increased at days 15, 30 and 45 (P<0.05). The content of serum urea in the trial group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in trial group Ⅰ and control group at day 30 (P<0.01). 4) Compared with the control group, the serum total antioxidant and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ were significantly increased at days 15, 30 and 45(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The activity of superoxide dismutase in the trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in the control group at days 15 and 30 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 5) Compared with the control group, the content of serum hydroxyl radicals in trial group Ⅰ was significantly decreased at day 15 (P<0.05), and the content of serum hydroxyl radicals in trial group Ⅱ was significantly decreased at day 30 (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of serum malondialdehyde in the trial group Ⅰ and trial group Ⅱ was significantly lower at days 30 and 45 (P<0.05). Totally, the addition of selenium-rich yeast to summer diet significantly increases the immune cell content of Wandong cattle, which is conducive to improve the body’s immunity. Otherwise, it enhances the antioxidant capacity of serum significantly, which is conducive to maintain the healthy state of the body in the summer. Thus, the appropriate dose of selenium-rich yeast can be used as a summer diet additive to maintain the healthy state of beef cattle.
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