为促进野生牧草资源科学利用,促进生态环境保护与草牧业持续健康发展双赢,本研究采集了西南喀斯特山区有代表性的120种野生牧草,进行常规营养成分含量测定,并根据营养价值对其进行聚类分析。结果表明:西南喀斯特山区14种野生豆科牧草粗蛋白质(CP)含量在9.93%~27.17%,粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)含量分别在1.44%~10.38%、13.93%~38.03%、24.44%~66.68%、1.07%~2.64%、0.09%~0.85%;27种野生禾本科牧草CP、EE、CF、NDF、Ca、P含量分别在3.68%~22.70%、0.51%~5.18%、28.18%~47.50%、46.21%~77.87%、0.62%~2.66%、0.08%~0.40%,CP含量与CF含量呈负相关(P＜0.01),与P含量呈正相关(P＜0.01),二元相关方程为y=22.30-0.44x1+23.49x2(x1=CF含量,x2=P含量;r2=0.85);79种其他科野生牧草CP、EE、CF、NDF、Ca、P含量分别在4.40%~29.02%、0.56%~6.84%、11.74%~51.63%、20.60%~87.51%、0.25%~5.00%、0.06%~1.22%,CP含量与CF含量呈负相关(P＜0.01),与P含量呈正相关(P＜0.01),二元相关方程为y=21.45-0.36x1+7.17x2(x1=CF含量,x2=P含量;r2=0.72)。120种野生牧草CP含量与CF含量呈负相关(P＜0.01),与P含量呈正相关(P＜0.01),二元相关方程为y=21.86-0.36x1+8.06x2(x1=CF含量,x2=P含量;r2=0.62)。本研究得出,西南喀斯特山区14种豆科野生牧草中,优等以上牧草有6种,占42.86%;27种禾本科野生牧草中,优等以上牧草有9种,占34.62%;79种其他科野生牧草中,优等以上牧草有65种,占82.28%;120种野生牧草中,鸡树条、稀莶、葛藤、黄花槐、水花生、竹节草、木贼、冬青、蔊菜、多花木兰这10种野生牧草营养价值相似,与其他牧草距离较远。
In order to promote scientific utilization for wild forage resources, and to promote the ecological environment protection and sustainable and healthy development of grass husbandry, a total of 120 representative wild forages from southwest karst mountainous areas were collected in this experiment, and the conventional nutrient contents of them were measured, and clustering analysis was carried out according to nutritional value. The results showed that, the crude protein (CP) content of 14 wild leguminous forages ranged from 9.93% to 27.17%, and the contents of ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) ranged from 1.44% to 10.38%, 13.93% to 38.03%, 24.44% to 66.68%, 1.07% to 2.64%, 0.09% to 0.85%, respectively. The contents of CP, EE, CF, NDF, Ca and P in 27 wild gramineous forages ranged from 3.86% to 22.70%, 0.51% to 5.18%, 28.18% to 47.50%, 46.21% to 77.87%, 0.62% to 2.66%, 0.08% to 0.40%, respectively, and the CP content was negatively correlated with CF content (P＜0.01), while it was positively correlated with P content (P＜0.01), the binary correlation equation was y=22.30-0.44x1+23.49x2 (x1=CF content, x2=P content; r2=0.85). The contents of CP, EE, CF, NDF, Ca and P in 79 other families wild forages ranged from 4.40% to 29.02%, 0.56% to 6.84%, 11.74% to 51.63%, 20.60% to 87.51%, 0.25% to 5.00%, 0.06% to 1.22%, respectively, and the CP content was negatively correlated with CF content (P＜0.01), while it was positively correlated with P content (P＜0.01), the binary correlation equation was y=21.45-0.36x1+7.17x2 (x1=CF content, x2=P content; r2=0.72). For all tested 120 wild forages, the CP content was negatively correlated with CF content (P＜0.01), while it was positively correlated with P content (P＜0.01), the binary correlation equation was y=21.86-0.36x1+8.06x2 (x1=CF content, x2=P content; r2=0.62). The conclusion of this study is that, of the 14 tested wild leguminous forages from southwest karst mountainous areas, the superior forages are 6 (42.86%); of the 27 tested wild gramineous forages, the superior forages are 9 (34.62%); of the 79 tested other families wild forages, the superior forages are 65 (82.28%); of the 120 tested wild forages, nutritive value of Viburnum opulus Linn. var. calvescens (Rehd.) Hara, Siegesbeckia orientalis Linn., Argyreia seguinii (Levl.) Van. ex Levl., Sophora xanthantha C. Y. Ma, Alternanthera Philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin., Hippochaete hiemale (L.) Boerner, Ilex chinensis Sims, Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern, Magnolia multiflora M. C. Wang et C. L. Min are similarity, and they are farther away to other tested forages.
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