[1] FAO.Greenhouse gas emissions from global food and agriculture production increased by 17% over the past 30 years[R].Glasgow:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 2021.
[2] HERRERO M, THORNTON P K.Livestock and global change:emerging issues for sustainable food systems[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(52):20878-20881.

[3] JOHNSON K A, JOHNSON D E.Methane emissions from cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science, 1995, 73(8):2483-2492.

[4] PATRA A K.Enteric methane mitigation technologies for ruminant livestock:a synthesis of current research and future directions[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2012, 184(4):1929-1952.

[5] MIN B R, SOLAIMAN S, WALDRIP H M, et al.Dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from ruminants:a review of plant tannin mitigation options[J].Animal Nutrition, 2020, 6(3):231-246.

[6] CHRISTENSEN R G, EUN J S, YANG S Y, et al.
In vitro effects of birdsfoot trefoil (
Lotus corniculatus L.) pasture on ruminal fermentation, microbial population, and methane production[J].The Professional Animal Scientist, 2017, 33(4):451-460.

[7] MAKKAR H P S, TRAN G, HEUZÉ V, et al.Seaweeds for livestock diets:a review[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016, 212:1-17.
[8] 王坤, 南雪梅, 熊本海, 等.反刍动物瘤胃甲烷生成相关研究进展[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(11):5013-5022. WANG K, NAN X M, XIONG B H, et al.Research advances on rumen methanogenesis in ruminants[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(11):5013-5022.(in Chinese)
[9] 李科南, 梁天, 张晓东, 等.反刍动物瘤胃甲烷生成的营养调控研究进展[J].饲料研究, 2021, 44(14):139-144. LI K N, LIANG T, ZHANG X D, et al.Research advances on nutritional regulation of rumen methanogenesis in ruminants[J].Feed Research, 2021, 44(14):139-144.(in Chinese)
[10] KINLEY R D, DE NYS R, VUCKO M J, et al.The red macroalgae
Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural antimethanogenic that reduces methane production during
in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid[J].Animal Production Science, 2016, 56(3):282-289.

[11] MIN B R, PARKER D, BRAUER D, et al.The role of seaweed as a potential dietary supplementation for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants:challenges and opportunities[J].Animal Nutrition, 2021, 7(4):1371-1387.

[12] KIM S K.Handbook of marine macroalgae:biotechnology and applied phycology[M].Chichester:Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
[13] MORAIS T, INÁCIO A, COUTINHO T, et al.Seaweed potential in the animal feed:a review[J].Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2020, 8(8):559.
[14] RAO P V S, PERIYASAMY C, KUMAR K S, et al.Seaweeds:distribution, production and uses[M]//NOOR M N, BHATNAGAR S K, SINHA S K.Bioprospecting of algae.Meerut:Society for Plant Research, 2019:59-78.
[15] TABASSUM M R, XIA A, MURPHY J D.Seasonal variation of chemical composition and biomethane production from the brown seaweed
Ascophyllum nodosum[J].Bioresource Technology, 2016, 216:219-226.
[16] BROOKE C G, ROQUE B M, NAJAFI N, et al.Evaluation of the potential of two common Pacific coast macroalgae for mitigating methane emissions from ruminants[J/OL].BioRxiv:BioRxiv 434480.https://doi.org/10.1101/434480.DOI:10.1101/434480.
[17] MACHADO L, MAGNUSSON M, PAUL N A, et al.Dose-response effects of
Asparagopsis taxiformis and
Oedogonium sp. on
in vitro fermentation and methane production[J].Journal of Applied Phycology, 2016, 28(2):1443-1452.

[18] MACHADO L, TOMKINS N, MAGNUSSON M, et al.
In vitro response of rumen microbiota to the antimethanogenic red macroalga
Asparagopsis taxiformis[J].Microbial Ecology, 2018, 75(3):811-818.

[19] VUCKO M J, MAGNUSSON M, KINLEY R D, et al.The effects of processing on the
in vitro antimethanogenic capacity and concentration of secondary metabolites of
Asparagopsis taxiformis[J].Journal of Applied Phycology, 2017, 29(3):1577-1586.

[20] ROQUE B M, BROOKE C G, LADAU J, et al.Effect of the macroalgae
Asparagopsis taxiformis on methane production and rumen microbiome assemblage[J].Animal Microbiome, 2019, 1(1):3.
[21] CHAGAS J C, RAMIN M, KRIZSAN S J.
In vitro evaluation of different dietary methane mitigation strategies[J].Animals, 2019, 9(12):1120.
[22] ROQUE B M, SALWEN J K, KINLEY R, et al.Inclusion of
Asparagopsis armata in lactating dairy cows' diet reduces enteric methane emission by over 50 percent[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 234:132-138.
[23] KINLEY R D, FREDEEN A H.
In vitro evaluation of feeding North Atlantic stormtoss seaweeds on ruminal digestion[J].Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015, 27(6):2387-2393.

[24] MAIA M R G, FONSECA A J M, OLIVEIRA H M, et al.The potential role of seaweeds in the natural manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane production[J].Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:32321.
[25] MACHADO L, MAGNUSSON M, PAUL N A, et al.Effects of marine and freshwater macroalgae on
in vitro total gas and methane production[J].PLoS One, 2014, 9(1):e85289.
[26] WANG Y, XU Z, BACH S J, et al.Effects of phlorotannins from
Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on
in vitro ruminal digestion of mixed forage or barley grain[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2008, 145(1/2/3/4):375-395.
[27] PIRIAN K, JELIANI Z Z, SOHRABIPOUR J, et al.Nutritional and bioactivity evaluation of common seaweed species from the Persian gulf[J].Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A:Science, 2018, 42(4):1795-1804.

[28] GAILLARD C, BHATTI H S, NOVOA-GARRIDO M, et al.Amino acid profiles of nine seaweed species and their
in situ degradability in dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2018, 241:210-222.
[29] HOLDT S L, KRAAN S.Bioactive compounds in seaweed:functional food applications and legislation[J].Journal of Applied Phycology, 2011, 23(3):543-597.

[30] 刘楠, 孙永, 曾帅, 等.海藻主要活性物质及其生物功能研究进展[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2015, 6(8):2875-2880. LIU N, SUN Y, ZENG S, et al.Research progress on bioactive substances and its biological activity of algae[J].Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2015, 6(8):2875-2880.(in Chinese)
[31] 秦益民.海藻活性物质在功能食品中的应用[J].食品科学技术学报, 2019, 37(4):18-23. QIN Y M.Applications of bioactive seaweed substances in functional food products[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2019, 37(4):18-23.(in Chinese)
[32] GOEL G, MAKKAR H P S, BECKER K.Inhibition of methanogens by bromochloromethane:effects on microbial communities and rumen fermentation using batch and continuous fermentations[J].British Journal of Nutrition, 2009, 101(10):1484-1492.

[33] THAPA H R, AGARWAL V.Obligate brominating enzymes underlie bromoform production by marine cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Phycology, 2021, 57(4):1131-1139.

[34] MACHADO L, MAGNUSSON M, PAUL N A, et al.Identification of bioactives from the red seaweed
Asparagopsis taxiformis that promote antimethanogenic activity
in vitro[J].Journal of Applied Phycology, 2016, 28(5):3117-3126.

[35] MIN B R, GENOVESE G, CASTLEBERRY L, et al.328 The potential role of two red seaweeds that promote anti-methanogenic activity and rumen fermentation profiles under laboratory conditions[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2021, 99(Suppl.3):183.
[36] BELANCHE A, JONES E, PARVEEN I, et al.A metagenomics approach to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with
Ascophyllum nodosum or
Laminaria digitata on rumen function in Rusitec fermenters[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016, 7:299.
[37] HUANG Q Q, LIU X L, ZHAO G Q, et al.Potential and challenges of tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for farm animal production[J].Animal Nutrition, 2018, 4(2):137-150.

[38] MAKKAR H P S.Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds[J].Small Ruminant Research, 2003, 49(3):241-256.

[39] MCMAHON L R, MCALLISTER T A, BERG B P, et al.A review of the effects of forage condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation and bloat in grazing cattle[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2000, 80(3):469-485.

[40] JONES G A, MCALLISTER T A, MUIR A D, et al.Effects of sainfoin (
Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) condensed tannins on growth and proteolysis by four strains of ruminal bacteria[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1994, 60(4):1374-1378.

[41] SCALBERT A.Antimicrobial properties of tannins[J].Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(12):3875-3883.

[42] VISSERS A M, BLOK A E, WESTPHAL A H, et al.Resolubilization of protein from water-insoluble phlorotannin-protein complexes upon acidification[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2017, 65(44):9595-9602.

[43] 袁圣亮, 段智红, 吕应年, 等.海藻多酚类化合物及其抗氧化活性研究进展[J].食品与发酵工业, 2019, 45(5):274-281. YUAN S L, DUAN Z H, LV Y N, et al.Research progress on seaweed polyphenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2019, 45(5):274-281.(in Chinese)
[44] CHEN L, LIU R, HE X, et al.Effects of brown seaweed polyphenols, a class of phlorotannins, on metabolic disorders via regulation of fat function[J].Food & Function, 2021, 12(6):2378-2388.

[45] KINLEY R D, MARTINEZ-FERNANDEZ G, MATTHEWS M K, et al.Mitigating the carbon footprint and improving productivity of ruminant livestock agriculture using a red seaweed[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 259:120836.