动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 9: 5652 - 5666

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.09.021

研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

植物精油和复合有机酸对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响

  • 齐梦迪 ,
  • 李铁 ,
  • 张克英 ,
  • 王建萍 ,
  • 白世平 ,
  • 曾秋凤 ,
  • 彭焕伟 ,
  • 吕继蓉 ,
  • 黄亚明 ,
  • 丁雪梅
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  • 1. 四川农业大学动物营养研究所, 教育部动物抗病营养重点实验室, 动物抗病营养与饲料农业农村部重点实验室, 动物抗病营养四川省重点实验室, 成都 611130;
    2. 成都大帝汉克生物科技有限公司, 成都 611130
齐梦迪(1996—),男,河南许昌人,硕士研究生,畜牧专业。E-mail:969392440@qq.com

收稿日期: 2022-03-22

  网络出版日期: 2022-10-17

基金资助

四川省科技计划项目（2021YFYZ0008）

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Effects of Essential Oil and Compound Organic Acids on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Health of Broilers

  • QI Mengdi ,
  • LI Tie ,
  • ZHANG Keying ,
  • WANG Jianping ,
  • BAI Shiping ,
  • ZENG Qiufeng ,
  • PENG Huanwei ,
  • LYU Jirong ,
  • HUANG Yaming ,
  • DING Xuemei
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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
    2. Chengdu Dadhanke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China

Received date: 2022-03-22

  Online published: 2022-10-17

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物精油和复合有机酸对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响。试验共选用1日龄爱拔益加（AA）白羽肉鸡416只，随机分为4个组：对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；植物精油组（EO组），饲喂基础饲粮+植物精油（150 g/t）；复合有机酸组（COA组），饲喂基础饲粮+复合有机酸（1.5 kg/t）；植物精油与复合有机酸合用组（EO×COA组），饲喂基础饲粮+植物精油（150 g/t）+复合有机酸（1.5 kg/t）。每组设8个重复，每个重复13只鸡，试验期42 d，分1~21日龄和22~42日龄2个阶段。结果显示：1）饲粮中添加植物精油和复合有机酸对肉鸡各阶段的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比均无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）饲粮中添加植物精油显著提高21日龄时肉鸡血清中总蛋白和白蛋白的含量（P<0.05），并显著提高了42日龄时肉鸡血清中白蛋白的含量（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加复合有机酸显著降低了42日龄时肉鸡血清中碱性磷酸酶的活性（P<0.05），并有提高血清中白蛋白含量的趋势（P=0.095）。饲粮中添加植物精油和复合有机酸对42日龄时肉鸡血清中白蛋白的含量有显著的交互作用（P<0.05），表现为饲粮中添加植物精油和复合有机酸提高了42日龄肉鸡的血清白蛋白含量。3）饲粮中添加植物精油显著提高了21日龄时肉鸡空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加复合有机酸显著提高了21日龄时肉鸡空肠绒隐比（P<0.05），有提高21日龄时肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度的趋势（P=0.083）。饲粮中添加植物精油和复合有机酸对21日龄十二指肠隐窝深度和42日龄十二指肠绒隐比有显著的交互作用（P<0.05），表现为饲粮中添加植物精油和复合有机酸降低了21日龄肉鸡十二指肠的隐窝深度，提高了42日龄肉鸡十二指肠的绒隐比。4）饲粮中添加植物精油显著提高了21日龄时肉鸡空肠脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05），显著提高了42日龄时肉鸡空肠淀粉酶的活性（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加复合有机酸显著提高了21日龄时肉鸡空肠脂肪酶的活性（P<0.05），显著提高了42日龄时肉鸡空肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）。5）饲粮中添加植物精油显著提高了21日龄时肉鸡盲肠食糜异丁酸含量（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加复合有机酸显著提高了21日龄时肉鸡盲肠食糜乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量以及42日龄时肉鸡盲肠食糜丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加植物精油和复合有机酸对21日龄时肉鸡盲肠食糜丙酸和异戊酸含量以及42日龄时肉鸡盲肠食糜乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量有交互作用（P<0.05）。由此得出，饲粮中添加植物精油和复合有机酸对肉鸡的生长性能没有显著影响，但可以改善血清生化指标和肠道形态结构，提高空肠消化酶活性，增加盲肠食糜总挥发性脂肪酸的含量。综合来看，两者合用更有利于肉鸡的肠道健康。

关键词： 肉鸡; 植物精油; 复合有机酸; 生长性能; 肠道健康

本文引用格式

齐梦迪 , 李铁 , 张克英 , 王建萍 , 白世平 , 曾秋凤 , 彭焕伟 , 吕继蓉 , 黄亚明 , 丁雪梅 . 植物精油和复合有机酸对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(9) : 5652 -5666 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.09.021

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary essential oils and compound organic acids on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 416 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) white-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, broilers were fed a basal diet; essential oil group (EO group), broilers were fed the basal diet+essential oil (150 g/t); compound organic acid group (COA group), broilers were fed the basal diet+compound organic acid (1.5 kg/t); combined essential oil and compound organic acid group (EO×COA group), broilers were fed the basal diet+essential oil (150 g/t)+compound organic acid (1.5 kg/t). Each group was divided into 8 replicates with 13 broilers in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 42 d and was divided into 2 stages-1 to 21 days of age and 22 to 42 days of age. The results showed as follows:1) dietary essential oil and compound organic acids had no significant effects on average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio of broilers (P>0.05). 2) Dietary essential oil significantly increased the contents of total protein and albumin in serum of broilers at 21 days of age (P<0.05), and significantly increased the content of albumin in serum of broilers at 42 days of age (P<0.05). Dietary compound organic acids significantly decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum of broilers at 42 days of age (P<0.05), and tended to increase the serum albumin content (P=0.095). Dietary essential oil and compound organic acids had significant interaction on the serum albumin content of broilers at 42 days of age (P<0.05), which showed that the supplementation of essential oil and compound organic acids increased serum albumin content of broilers at 42 days of age. 3) Dietary essential oil significantly increased the jejunal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio of broilers at 21 days of age (P<0.05). Dietary compound organic acid significantly increased the jejunum villus height to crypt depth ratio of broilers at 21 days of age (P<0.05), and tended to increase duodenum villus height of broilers at 21 days of age (P=0.083). Dietary essential oil and compound organic acids had significant interaction on the duodenal crypt depth of broilers at 21 days of age and duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio of broilers at 42 days of age (P<0.05), which showed that the supplementation of essential oil and compound organic acids decreased he duodenal crypt depth of broilers at 21 days of age, and increased duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio of broilers at 42 days of age. 4) Dietary essential oil significantly increased the jejunal lipase and trypsin activities of broilers at 21 days of age (P<0.05), and significantly increased jejunal amylase activities of broilers at 42 days of age (P<0.05). Dietary compound organic acid significantly increased the jejunal lipase activity of broilers at 21 days of age and jejunal amylase, lipase and trypsin activities of broilers at 42 days of age (P<0.05). 5) The content of isovalerate in cecal digesta of broilers at 21 days of age was significantly increased by adding essential oil (P<0.05). The contents of acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acid in cecal digesta of broilers at 21 days of age and the contents of propionic acid and total short-chain fatty acid in cecal digesta of broilers at 21 days of age were significantly increased by adding compound organic acids (P<0.05). Dietary essential oil and compound organic acids had significant interaction on the contents of propionic acid isovaleric acid in cecal digesta of broilers at 21 days of age and the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acid in cecal digesta of broilers at 42 days of age (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary essential oil and compound organic acids have no effects on growth performance, but can improve serum biochemical indices and intestinal morphology, improve digestive enzyme activities, and increase the contents of total volatile fatty acids in cecal digesta of broilers. To sum up, the combination of the two is more beneficial to intestinal health of broilers.

Key words： broilers; essential oil; compound organic acids; growth performance; intestinal health

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