研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

不同饲养方式对牦牛犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及菌群结构的影响

  • 沈芳 ,
  • 杨英魁 ,
  • 王迅 ,
  • 王书祥 ,
  • 柴沙驼
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  • 1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海省高原放牧家畜营养与饲料科学重点实验室, 西宁 810016;
    3. 青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心, 西宁 810016
沈芳(1996—),女,青海西宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物营养与饲料科学。E-mail:2397156060@qq.com

收稿日期: 2021-12-01

  网络出版日期: 2022-10-17

基金资助

青海省科技厅青年自然基金"直线育肥犊牦牛和放牧犊牦牛在消化代谢和肉品质方面的差异研究"(2020-ZJ-935Q)

Effects of Different Feeding Methods on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Microflora Structure of Yak Calves

  • SHEN Fang ,
  • YANG Yingkui ,
  • WANG Xun ,
  • WANG Shuxiang ,
  • CHAI Shatuo
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  • 1. Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xi'ning 810016, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Qinghai Province, Xi'ning 810016, China;
    3. Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xi'ning 810016, China

Received date: 2021-12-01

  Online published: 2022-10-17

摘要

本试验旨在研究不同饲养方式对6月龄断奶牦牛犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及菌群结构的影响。试验选择30头出生日期接近、体重在(51.72±3.15) kg的健康牦牛犊牛,随机分为舍饲组和放牧组,每组15头。舍饲组犊牛饲粮精粗比为65 : 35,放牧组犊牛08:30放牧、17:30归牧,不进行补饲。预试期10 d,正试期210 d。结果表明:1)舍饲组牦牛犊牛体重、体高、体斜长、胸围、管围极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01)。2)舍饲组牦牛犊牛瘤胃液氨态氮、总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01),微生物蛋白和乙酸浓度显著高于放牧组(P<0.05),而pH、乙酸/丙酸值极显著低于放牧组(P<0.01)。3)2组中检测到操作分类单元(OTU)总数为5 154个,舍饲组和放牧组特有OTU数分别为1 089和898个,分别占OTU总数的21.13%和17.42%;放牧组ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数显著或极显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。4)在门水平上,2组牦牛犊牛瘤胃优势菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),在舍饲组中的相对丰度分别为46.02%、23.94%和8.86%,在放牧组中的相对丰度分别为53.96%、25.62%和7.50%;在属水平上,舍饲组和放牧组牦牛犊牛瘤胃中存在相同的微生物,但所占比例不同,理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)是2个组中共有的优势菌属,相对丰度分别为11.77%、6.92%。综上所述,与放牧相比,舍饲提高了牦牛犊牛的生长性能,促进了瘤胃发酵,但在一定程度上降低了瘤胃菌群的多样性与丰富度。

本文引用格式

沈芳 , 杨英魁 , 王迅 , 王书祥 , 柴沙驼 . 不同饲养方式对牦牛犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及菌群结构的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(9) : 5931 -5941 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.09.046

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different feeding methods on growth performance, rumen fermentation and microflora structure of 6-month-old weaned yak calves. Thirty healthy yak calves with similar birth date and body weight of (51.72±3.15) kg were randomly divided into two groups:barn feeding group and grazing group, and each group had 15 yaks. The dietary concentrate to forage ratio of yaks in the barn feeding group was 65:35. Yaks in the grazing group carried grazing (08:30 to 17:30) without supplementary feeding. The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days, and the experimental period lasted for 210 days. The results showed as follows:1) the body weight, body height, body oblique length, chest circumference and tube circumference of yak calves in the barn feeding group were extremely significantly higher than those in the grazing group (P<0.01). 2) The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen liquid of yak calves in the barn feeding group were extremely significantly higher than those in the grazing group (P<0.01), and the concentrations of microbial crude protein (MCP) and acetic acid were significantly higher than those in the grazing group (P<0.05), while the pH, acetic acid/propionic acid value were extremely significantly lower than those of the grazing group (P<0.01). 3) The total number of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) detected in the two groups was 5 154, the number of unique OTU in the barn feeding group and the grazing group were 1 089 and 898, accounting for 21.13% and 17.42% of the total, respectively; the ACE index, Chao1 index and Shannon index in the grazing group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in the house feeding group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 4) At the phylum level, the dominant phyla of the two groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, and the relative abundances of them in the barn feeding group were 46.02%, 23.94% and 8.86%, respectively; the relative abundances of them in the grazing group were 53.96%, 25.62% and 7.50%, respectively. At the genus level, the same microorganisms were present in the rumen in the house-feeding group and the grazing group, but with different proportions. Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was the dominant bacterial genus shared by the two groups, and the relative abundance of it in the barn feeding group and the grazing group was 11.77% and 6.92%, respectively. In conclusion, relative to grazing, the barn feeding can improve the growth performance and promote rumen fermentation of yak calves, but reduce the diversity and richness of rumen microflora to a certain extent.

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