饲料营养研究进展专栏 SPECIAL COLUMN:RESEARCH PROGRESS ON FEED NUTRITION

胃肠道-肝脏-乳腺协同调节奶牛乳成分的机制

  • 邓露 ,
  • 张俊 ,
  • 姚军虎
展开
  • 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 杨陵 712100
邓露(1989-),男,江西上饶人,副教授,博士,主要从事分子营养学与饲料资源开发利用研究。E-mail:denglu128128163.com

收稿日期: 2022-08-01

  网络出版日期: 2022-10-17

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32070782, 32072761)

Mechanism of Gastrointestinal Tract-Liver-Mammary Gland Co-Regulating Milk Components of Dairy Cows

  • DENG Lu ,
  • ZHANG Jun ,
  • YAO Junhu
Expand
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Received date: 2022-08-01

  Online published: 2022-10-17

摘要

作为牛奶营养价值评定的关键营养性指标,乳蛋白、乳脂及乳糖的合成需要机体多组织器官协同完成,同时也受多条信号通路的调控。本文综述了乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖的合成过程,强调了胃肠道-肝脏-乳腺协作在乳成分合成中的作用,并阐述了乳成分合成的分子调控机制,以期为改善牛奶成分的营养调控策略提供参考。

本文引用格式

邓露 , 张俊 , 姚军虎 . 胃肠道-肝脏-乳腺协同调节奶牛乳成分的机制[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(10) : 6193 -6202 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.10.009

Abstract

The synthesis of milk protein, milk fat and milk lactose, as the key nutritional indices in the evaluation of milk nutritional value, requires the coordination of multiple tissues and organs, and is also regulated by multiple signaling pathways. This article reviewed the synthesis process of milk protein, milk fat and milk lactose, emphasized the role of gastrointestinal track-liver-mammary gland cooperation in milk component synthesis, and expounded the molecular regulatory mechanism of milk component synthesis, in order to provide reference for improving the nutritional regulation strategy of milk components.

参考文献

[1] FONTECHA J,CALVO M V,JUAREZ M,et al.Milk and dairy product consumption and cardiovascular diseases:an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses[J].Advances in Nutrition,2019,10(Suppl 2):S164-S189.
[2] MATTHEWS C,CRISPIE F,LEWIS E,et al.The rumen microbiome:a crucial consideration when optimising milk and meat production and nitrogen utilisation efficiency[J].Gut Microbes,2019,10(2):115-132.  
[3] 张兴夫,杜瑞平,高民.奶牛对日粮中蛋白质的摄取利用特点及影响因素[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(18):42-47. ZHANG X F,DU R P,GAO M.Response of intake and utilization to dietary protein and influencing factors in lactating dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2014,50(18):42-47.(in Chinese)
[4] 李子健.不同生理阶段奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群数量与多样性的比较研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2018. LI Z J.Comparative study on rumen bacteria quantity and diversity of dairy cows in different physiological stages[D].Master's Thesis. Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[5] FAN Q S,WANAPAT M,HOU F J.Chemical composition of milk and rumen microbiome diversity of yak,impacting by herbage grown at different phenological periods on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Animals:an Open Access Journal From MDPI,2020,10(6):1030.
[6] JAMI E,WHITE B A,MIZRAHI I.Potential role of the bovine rumen microbiome in modulating milk composition and feed efficiency[J].PLoS One,2014,9(1):e85423.
[7] 吴建民,王雍,周协琛,等.基于宏基因组学解析瘤胃微生物调节荷斯坦奶牛乳蛋白含量的研究[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(8):3843-3855. WU J M,WANG Y,ZHOU X C,et al.Rumen microorganism regulating milk protein content in Holstein dairy cows based on metagenomic analysis[J].Chinese Journal Of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(8):3843-3855.(in Chinese)
[8] HRISTOV A N,BANNINK A,CROMPTON L A,et al.Invited review:nitrogen in ruminant nutrition:a review of measurement techniques[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2019,102(7):5811-5852.  
[9] FAN Q S,WANAPAT M,HOU F J.Rumen bacteria influence milk protein yield of yak grazing on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Animal Bioscience,2021,34(9):1466-1478.  
[10] ROSARIO F J,POWELL T L,GUPTA M B,et al.mTORC1 transcriptional regulation of ribosome subunits,protein synthesis,and molecular transport in primary human trophoblast cells[J].Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,2020,8:583801.
[11] CHIKASHIGE Y J,KATO H,THORNTON M,et al.Gcn2 eIF2α kinase mediates combinatorial translational regulation through nucleotide motifs and uORFs in target mRNAs[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2020,48(16):8977-8992.  
[12] GUO L,TIAN H B,SHEN J,et al.Phenylalanine regulates initiation of digestive enzyme mRNA translation in pancreatic acinar cells and tissue segments in dairy calves[J].Bioscience Reports,2018,38(1):BSR20171189.
[13] GUO L,YAO J H,ZHENG C,et al.Leucine regulates α-amylase and trypsin synthesis in dairy calf pancreatic tissue in vitro via the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway[J].Animal,2019,13(9):1899-1906.  
[14] GUO L,LIANG Z Q,ZHENG C,et al.Leucine affects α-amylase synthesis through PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathways in pancreatic acinar cells of dairy calves[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2018,66(20):5149-5156.  
[15] KIU H,NICHOLSON S E.Biology and significance of the JAK/STAT signalling pathways[J].Growth Factors,2012,30(2):88-106.  
[16] KHAN M Z,KHAN A,XIAO J X,et al.Role of the JAK-STAT pathway in bovine mastitis and milk production[J].Animals:an Open Access Journal From MDPI,2020,10(11):2107.
[17] GERSTNER C,SAÍN J,LAVANDERA J,et al.Functional milk fat enriched in conjugated linoleic acid prevented liver lipid accumulation induced by a high-fat diet in male rats[J].Food&Function,2021,12(11):5051-5065.  
[18] D'ANGELO G,MOORTHI S,LUBERTO C.Role and function of sphingomyelin biosynthesis in the development of cancer[J].Advances in Cancer Research,2018,140:61-96.
[19] MU T,HU H H,MA Y F,et al.Regulation of key genes for milk fat synthesis in ruminants[J].Frontiers in Nutrition,2021,8:765147.
[20] BIONAZ M,LOOR J J.Gene networks driving bovine milk fat synthesis during the lactation cycle[J].BMC Genomics,2008,9:366.
[21] WANG G Y,CHEN L,QIN S L,et al.Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1:from a nutrient sensor to a key regulator of metabolism and health[J/OL].Advances in Nutrition,2022:nmac055.(2022-05-13)[2022-07-22].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35561748/.
[22] 刘莉莉.脂肪酸与PPARγ基因互作对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞乳脂肪合成的调节作用及机理[D].博士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014. LIU L L.The Effect of interaction between fatty acid and PPARγ gene on regulation and mechanism of milk fat synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells[D].Ph.D. Thesis.Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[23] KIM J E,CHEN J.Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activity by mammalian target of rapamycin and amino acids in adipogenesis[J].Diabetes,2004,53(11):2748-2756.  
[24] 李心慰.乙酸、非酯化脂肪酸、生长激素和催乳素调控奶牛肝细胞脂代谢的信号机制[D].博士学位论文.长春:吉林大学,2013. LI X W.The signaling mechanism of acetic acid, non-esterified fatty acids,growth hormone and prolactin on the regulation of lipid metabolism in the hepatocytes of dairy cows[D].Ph.D. Thesis.Changchun:Jilin University,2013.(in Chinese)
[25] VAN DORLAND H A,SADRI H,MOREL I,et al.Coordinated gene expression in adipose tissue and liver differs between cows with high or low NEFA concentrations in early lactation[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2012,96(1):137-147.  
[26] DOEGE H,STAHL A.Protein-mediated fatty acid uptake:novel insights from in vivo models[J].Physiology (Bethesda,Md.),2006,21:259-268.
[27] GLATZ J F C,LUIKEN J J F P.From fat to FAT (CD36/SR-B2):understanding the regulation of cellular fatty acid uptake[J].Biochimie,2017,136:21-26.
[28] BIONAZ M,LOOR J J.ACSL1,AGPAT6,FABP3,LPIN1,and SLC27A6 are the most abundant isoforms in bovine mammary tissue and their expression is affected by stage of lactation[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2008,138(6):1019-1024.  
[29] ABDOUL-AZIZ S K A,ZHANG Y D,WANG J Q.Milk odd and branched chain fatty acids in dairy cows:a review on dietary factors and its consequences on human health[J].Animals:an Open Access Journal From MDPI,2021,11(11):3210.
[30] CAO Y C,WANG D D,WANG L M,et al.Physically effective neutral detergent fiber improves chewing activity,rumen fermentation,plasma metabolites,and milk production in lactating dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2021,104(5):5631-5642.  
[31] 王砀砀,赵会会,肖凯丽,等.全混合日粮物理有效中性洗涤纤维水平对泌乳中期奶牛瘤胃液和乳中脂肪酸组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(7):2841-2849. WANG D D,ZHAO H H,XIAO K L,et al.Effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber level in total mixed ration on fatty acid composition in rumen fluid and milk of dairy cows during mid-lactation period[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(7):2841-2849.(in Chinese)
[32] 姚军虎,申静.瘤胃可降解淀粉:决定反刍动物消化道健康与养分利用的关键日粮因子[J].饲料工业,2020,41(8):1-7. YAO J H,SHEN J.Rumen degradable starch regulate the gut health and nutrient utilization in ruminants[J].Feed Industry,2020,41(8):1-7.(in Chinese)
[33] WAHLSTRÖM A,SAYIN S I,MARSCHALL H U,et al.Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism[J].Cell Metabolism,2016,24(1):41-50.  
[34] DAWSON P A,HUBBERT M L,RAO A.Getting the mOST from OST:role of organic solute transporter,OSTα-OSTβ,in bile acid and steroid metabolism[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2010,1801(9):994-1004.  
[35] 申静.日粮瘤胃可降解淀粉调控奶山羊瘤胃与肝脏代谢的机制[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2020. SHEN J.Effects of dietary rumen degradable starch on rumen and liver metabolism in dairy goats[D].Ph.D. Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2020.(in Chinese)
[36] ZHENG L X,WU S R,SHEN J,et al.High rumen degradable starch decreased goat milk fat via trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid-mediated downregulation of lipogenesis genes,particularly,INSIG1[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2020,11:30.
[37] ASCHENBACH J R,KRISTENSEN N B,DONKIN S S,et al.Gluconeogenesis in dairy cows:the secret of making sweet milk from sour dough[J].IUBMB Life,2010,62(12):869-877.  
[38] SHENNAN D B,PEAKER M.Transport of milk constituents by the mammary gland[J].Physiological Reviews,2000,80(3):925-951.  
[39] REYNOLDS C K,HUNTINGTON G B,TYRRELL H F,et al.Net portal-drained visceral and hepatic metabolism of glucose,L-lactate,and nitrogenous compounds in lactating Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(7):1803-1812.  
[40] LARSEN M,KRISTENSEN N B.Effect of abomasal glucose infusion on splanchnic amino acid metabolism in periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(7):3306-3318.  
[41] REYNOLDS C K,AIKMAN P C,LUPOLI B,et al.Splanchnic metabolism of dairy cows during the transition from late gestation through early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(4):1201-1217.  
[42] WESTERMEIER F,HOLYOAK T,ASENJO J L,et al.Gluconeogenic enzymes in β-cells:pharmacological targets for improving insulin secretion[J].Trends in Endocrinology&Metabolism,2019,30(8):520-531.  
[43] KARCHER E L,PICKETT M M,VARGA G A,et al.Effect of dietary carbohydrate and monensin on expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in liver of transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(3):690-699.  
[44] ZHAN K,YANG T Y,CHEN Y Y,et al.Propionate enhances the expression of key genes involved in the gluconeogenic pathway in bovine intestinal epithelial cells[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2020,103(6):5514-5524.  
[45] CAPUTO OLIVEIRA R,ERB S J,PRALLE R S,et al.Postpartum supplementation with fermented ammoniated condensed whey altered nutrient partitioning to support hepatic metabolism[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2020,103(8):7055-7067.  
[46] WHITE H M,CARVALHO E R,KOSER S L,et al.Short communication:regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes by dietary glycerol in transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(1):812-817.  
[47] WEI X S,YIN Q Y,ZHAO H H,et al.Metabolomics for the effect of biotin and nicotinamide on transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2018,66(22):5723-5732.  
[48] WANG G Y,ZHANG J,WU S R,et al.The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis through peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α[J/OL].Animal Nutrition.(2022-08-08)[2022-08-10].https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654522000968.
[49] BAIRD G D,LOMAX M A,SYMONDS H W,et al.Net hepatic and splanchnic metabolism of lactate,pyruvate and propionate in dairy cows in vivo in relation to lactation and nutrient supply[J].The Biochemical Journal,1980,186(1):47-57.  
[50] YOUNG J W.Gluconeogenesis in cattle:significance and methodology[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1977,60(1):1-15.  
[51] 李延涛.泌乳奶山羊主要组织器官氨基酸代谢规律研究[D].博士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2021. LI Y T.Research on the metabolism regulation of amino acids in the major organs and tissues of lactating dairy goats[D].Ph.D. Thesis.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2021.(in Chinese)
[52] KUHN N J,CARRICK D T,WILDE C J.Lactose synthesis:the possibilities of regulation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(2):328-336.  
[53] 姚军虎.反刍动物碳水化合物高效利用的综合调控[J].饲料工业,2013,34(17):1-12. YAO J H.Comprehensive regulation of efficient carbohydrate utilization in ruminants[J].Feed Industry,2013,34(17):1-12.(in Chinese)
[54] 何生虎,晁向阳,王明成.奶牛酮病的发病机理研究现状及进展[J].草食家畜,2004(3):15-17. HE S H,CHAO X Y,WANG M C.Pathology mechanism research current and progress of dairy cow ketosis[J].Grass-Feeding Livestock,2004(3):15-17.(in Chinese)
[55] HERNANDEZ L L.TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA:serotonin and the regulation of calcium transport in dairy cows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2017,95(12):5711-5719.  
[56] WEISS W P,AZEM E,STEINBERG W,et al.Effect of feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 with a negative cation-anion difference diet on calcium and vitamin D status of periparturient cows and their calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(8):5588-5600.  
[57] SUN F F,CAO Y C,YU C,et al.1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates calcium transport in goat mammary epithelial cells in a dose-and energy-dependent manner[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2016,7:41.
[58] KON S K,PORTER J W.The intestinal synthesis of vitamins in the ruminant[J].Vitamins and Hormones,1954,12:53-68.
[59] SACADURA F C,ROBINSON P H,EVANS E,et al.Effects of a ruminally protected B-vitamin supplement on milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,144(1/2):111-124.
[60] JIANG Q,LIN L M,XIE F,et al.Metagenomic insights into the microbe-mediated B and K2 vitamin biosynthesis in the gastrointestinal microbiome of ruminants[J].Microbiome,2022,10(1):109.
[61] ZHANG T,SUN P,GENG Q,et al.Disrupted spermatogenesis in a metabolic syndrome model:the role of vitamin A metabolism in the gut-testis axis[J].Gut,2022,71(1):78-87.  
[62] CUNHA C S,VELOSO C M,MARCONDES M I,et al.Assessing the impact of rumen microbial communities on methane emissions and production traits in Holstein cows in a tropical climate[J].Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2017,40(8):492-499.  
[63] LI F Y,LI C X,CHEN Y H,et al.Host genetics influence the rumen microbiota and heritable rumen microbial features associate with feed efficiency in cattle[J].Microbiome,2019,7(1):92.
[64] SHABAT S K B,SASSON G,DORON-FAIGENBOIM A,et al.Specific microbiome-dependent mechanisms underlie the energy harvest efficiency of ruminants[J].The ISME Journal,2016,10(12):2958-2972.  
[65] XUE M Y,SUN H Z,WU X H,et al.Assessment of rumen bacteria in dairy cows with varied milk protein yield[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2019,102(6):5031-5041.  
[66] 吴家劲,朱森林,周密,等.奶牛瘤胃微生物研究进展和趋势[J].生物技术通报,2020,36(2):27-38. WU J J,ZHU S L,ZHOU M,et al.Research progress and trends on rumen microbiota in dairy cows[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2020,36(2):27-38.(in Chinese)
文章导航

/