动物营养学报 >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 10: 6654 - 6664

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.10.058

研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

家养林麝饲用植物叶养分特征和营养价值综合评价

  • 王永奇 ,
  • 李斐然
展开
  • 陕西省动物研究所, 西安 710032
王永奇(1973-),男,陕西长安人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事动物营养与饲养繁育研究。E-mail:wangyongqi1210@126.com

收稿日期: 2022-04-08

  网络出版日期: 2022-10-17

基金资助

陕西省科技厅农业一般项目(2020NY-018)

收起

Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutrient Characteristics and Nutritive Value of Forage Plant Leaves for Captive Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii)

  • WANG Yongqi ,
  • LI Feiran
Expand
  • Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an 710032, China

Received date: 2022-04-08

  Online published: 2022-10-17

Fold

摘要

本试验旨在研究家养林麝饲用植物叶养分特征和营养价值,为其不同生理状态下饲粮配制和饲料资源库建立提供基础数据。按国标规定的饲料概略养分分析法测定家养林麝采食的21种野生植物饲用部位养分含量,并进行适口性调查及营养类型划分;采用聚类及主成分分析法进行相似性分析和营养价值综合评价。结果显示: 1)家养林麝采食的21种野生植物隶属11个目, 13个科, 17个属,其中乐食种类占9.52%,喜食种类占23.81%,嗜食种类占66.67%;饲用部位平均干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物及粗灰分含量分别为(30.42±1.85)%、(16.18±5.59)%、(10.71±3.03)%、(4.55±2.69)%、(50.81±7.83)%及(8.24±3.96)%。2)植物营养类型可划分为7类,即氮型(14.29%)、氮碳型(57.14%)、碳氮型(9.52%)以及碳型、氮-灰分型、灰分-氮型和氮碳-灰分型(19.04%)。3)综合评定营养价值依次为细齿樱桃＞广布野豌豆＞藜＞薄叶铁线莲＞白桦＞披针叶胡颓子＞梾木＞皂柳＞高丛珍珠梅＞沙棘＞猕猴桃腾山柳＞美花铁线莲、红桦＞高山柳＞多叶勾儿茶＞微毛樱桃、楤木＞直穗小孽＞疏花槭＞陇东海棠＞湖北华楸,该结果与聚类分析结果具有较高的一致性。综上所述,家养林麝可饲用植物性饲料类别较为丰富,种属分布广;风干基础粗纤维含量均低于18%,属粗纤维含量低、粗蛋白质含量高的非粗饲料类型,无氮浸出物含量高于50%的种类占71.43%,普遍具有可消化养分高的营养特性;喜食、嗜食植物种类高达90.48%,基本上属适口性好、喜食度高的饲料类型,生产中可广泛使用;营养类型中氮碳型种类最多,其次为氮型,此类饲料可为林麝提供大量碳源和氮源。

关键词： 林麝; 养分特征; 营养类型; 营养价值; 综合评价

本文引用格式

王永奇 , 李斐然 . 家养林麝饲用植物叶养分特征和营养价值综合评价[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(10) : 6654 -6664 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.10.058

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the nutrient characteristics and nutritive value of forage plant leaves of captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), and to provide the basic data for the diet formulation and establishment of feed resources in different physiological stages. According to the national standard, the nutrient contents of 21 wild plant feeding parts fed by captive forest musk deer were measured, the palatability was investigated and nutritional types were classified; the similarity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of nutritive value were carried out by the mothed of cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed as follows: 1) there were 11 orders, 13 families and 17 genera in 21 wild plant fed by captive forest musk deer, among which 9.52% were willing to eat, 23.81% were like to eat, and 66.67% were favorite to eat; the average contents of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, nitrogen-free extract and crude ash were (30.42±1.85)%, (16.18±5.59)%, (10.71±3.03)%, (4.55±2.69)%, (50.81±7.83)% and (8.24±3.96)%, respectively. 2) The plants could be classified into 7 nutritional types: nitrogen type (14.29%), nitrogen-carbon type (57.14%), carbon-nitrogen type (9.52%) and carbon type, nitrogen-ash type, ash-nitrogen type and nitrogen carbon-ash type (19.04%). 3) The comprehensive evaluation nutritive values were as follows: Cerasus serrula > Vicia cracca > Chenopodium album > Clematis gracilifolia > Betula platyphylla > Elaeagnus lanceolata > Cornus macrophylla > Salix wallichiana > Sorbaria arborea > Hippophae rhamnoides > Clematoclethra actinidioides > Clematis potaninii and Betula albo-sinensis > Salix cupularis > Berchemia polyphylla > Cerasus clarofolia and Aralia chinensis > Berberis dasystachya > Acer laxiflorum > Malus kansuensis > Sorbus hupehensis, which was highly consistent with the result of cluster analysis. In summary, the forage plant feed belong to many families and genera, the species are widely distributed; the crude fiber content of air-dried base is lower than 18%, which belong to the non-roughage type with low crude fiber and high crude protein content, and the species with nitrogen-free extracts higher than 50% account for 71.43%, which generally have the nutrient characteristics of high digestible nutrients; 90.48% of the plant species are like or favorite to eat, which are basically good palatability and can be widely used in production; the carbon-nitrogen type is the most nutritional type, followed by nitrogen type, which can provide a large amount of carbon and nitrogen sources for forest musk deer.

Key words： forest musk deer; nutrient characteristics; nutritional type; nutritive value; comprehensive evaluation

参考文献

[1] 高耀亭.麝和麝香——我国重要动物资源[J].动物学杂志,1986,21(4):41-44. GAO Y T.Musk deer and musk:important animal resources in China[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,1986,21(4):41-44.(in Chinese)
[2] 张履冰,徐宏发,薛文杰,等.陕西凤县林麝的冬、春季食性的初步研究[J].四川动物,2008,27(1):110-114. ZHANG L B,XU H F,XUE W J,et al.Winter and spring diet composition of musk deer in Feng County,Shaanxi Province[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2008,27(1):110-114.(in Chinese)
[3] 邓亚平,彭建军,彭杰,等.重庆市金佛山国家级自然保护区林麝食性的初步调查[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2020,37(3):27-34. DENG Y P,PENG J J,PENG J,et al.Preliminary investigation on feeding habits of Moschus berezovskii in Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve in Chongqing[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2020,37(3):27-34.(in Chinese)
[4] 王霞,袁旭东,周洪艳,等.重庆金佛山国家级自然保护区林麝(Moschus berezovskii)种群数量初步调查及地理分布[J].中国农学通报,2020,36(19):44-47. WANG X,YUAN X D,ZHOU H Y,et al.Moschus berezovskii in Chongqing Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve:population size and geographical distribution[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2020,36(19):44-47.(in Chinese)
[5] 王静,孙军平,徐涛,等.甘肃兴隆山保护区野生马麝分布、数量特征及影响因素[J].生态学报,2020,40(21):7997-8004. WANG J,SUN J P,XU T,et al.Population distribution,quantitative characteristics and influencing factors of the wild alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2020,40(21):7997-8004.(in Chinese)
[6] 黄步军,盛和林.饲料营养对林麝麝香产量和品质的影响[J].动物学研究,1998,19(4):296-300. HUANG B J,SHENG H L.Nutrition influence on musk secretion of breeding musk deer[J].Zoological Research,1998,19(4):296-300.(in Chinese)
[7] 杨营,冯达永,王承旭,等.四川围栏养殖林麝采食植物种类调查[J].四川动物,2011,30(3):445-449. YANG Y,FENG D Y,WANG C X,et al.Survey on plant species foraged by fenced forest musk deer in Sichuan[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2011,30(3):445-449.(in Chinese)
[8] 王文霞.林麝食源植物的营养学特征及食物选择主导因子的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:北京林业大学,2016. WANG W X.Studies on the nutrition characteristics of food plants and the leading factors of food choice of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2016.(in Chinese)
[9] 王文霞,何岚,卫宁,等.圈养林麝常用树叶类饲料氨基酸含量及其营养价值分析[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(9):44-49. WANG W X,HE L,WEI N,et al.Analysis on the amino acid content and feed value of commonly used tree leaves fed to captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2013,34(9):44-49.(in Chinese)
[10] 白彦,任战军,刘文华,等.林麝饲用植物叶常规营养成分分析[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(5):94-96. BAI Y,REN Z J,LIU W H,et al.Composition of nutritive ingredients in leaves for forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2009,30(5):94-96.(in Chinese)
[11] 白彦,任战军,刘文华,等.林麝饲用植物食用部分矿物质含量分析[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(6):90-92. BAI Y,REN Z J,LIU W H,et al.Composition of nutritive ingredients in leaves for forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2009,30(6):90-92.(in Chinese)
[12] 王洪永.家养林麝替代饲料白三叶的栽培研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(34):21031,21071. WANG H Y.Cultivation experiment of Trifolium repens as an alternative feed for domesticated Moschus berezovskii[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(34):21031,21071.(in Chinese)
[13] 王永奇,唐婕,李斐然,等.林麝放牧区野生饲用植物叶营养成分的综合分析[J].草业科学,2013,30(5):752-758. WANG Y Q,TANG J,LI F R,et al.Research on comprehensive analysis and content of nutritive ingredients in plant leaves for forest musk deer[J].Pratacultural Science,2013,30(5):752-758.(in Chinese)
[14] 封孝兰,陈强,竭航,等.蛋白质水平对育成雌麝生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2014,30(6):191-192. FENG X L,CHEN Q,JIE H,et al.Effect of protein level on growth performance of bred female musk deer[J].Chinese Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Abstracts,2014,30(6):191-192.(in Chinese)
[15] 封孝兰,赵贵军,曾德军,等.不同配比饲料对3月龄-6月龄林麝育成麝体重变化的影响[J].当代畜牧,2020(1):24-26. FENG X L,ZHAO G J,ZENG D J,et al.Effects of different proportion of feed on body weight of musk deer from 3 to 6 months old[J].Contemporary Animal Husbandry,2020(1):24-26.(in Chinese)
[16] 王新贵,赵建刚.提高林麝粗饲料利用率的方法[J].畜牧兽医科学(电子版),2019(8):157-158. WANG X G,ZHAO J G.Methods of improving utilization rate of coarse feed of forest musk deer[J].Graziery Veterinary Sciences (Electronic Version),2019(8):157-158.(in Chinese)
[17] 安清聪,刘水灵,郭鑫钰,等.林麝对不同形态补充料的采食适应性研究[J].养殖与饲料,2020,19(10):8-10. AN Q C,LIU S L,GUO X Y,et al.Study on foraging adaptability of forest musk deer to different supplementary materials[J].Animals Breeding and Feed,2020,19(10):8-10.(in Chinese)
[18] 张凡凡,于磊,张前兵,等.沙尔套山天然割草场主要豆科牧草营养价值综合评价研究[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(10):1907-1915. ZHANG F F,YU L,ZHANG Q B,et al.Comprehensive assessment of the main legume forages'nutritional value of natural mowing steppe in Shaertao Mountain,Zhaosu,Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2014,51(10):1907-1915.(in Chinese)
[19] 张凡凡,和海秀,于磊,等.天山西部高山区夏季放牧草地4种重要牧草营养品质评价[J].草业学报,2017,26(8):207-215. ZHANG F F,HE H X,YU L,et al.Nutritional quality of four important herbage species in summer grazing grassland in the alpine zone,west Tianshan Mountain[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(8):207-215.(in Chinese)
[20] 姜慧新,柏杉杉,吴波,等.22个燕麦品种在黄淮海地区的农艺性状与饲草品质综合评价[J].草业学报,2021,30(1):140-149. JIANG H X,BAI S S,WU B,et al.A multivariate evaluation of agronomic straits and forage quality of 22 oat varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai area of China[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2021,30(1):140-149.(in Chinese)
[21] 李刚凤,李洪艳,张绍阳,等.沙子空心李果实营养品质的主成分分析和综合评价[J].食品与发酵工业,2020,46(12):264-270. LI G F,LI H Y,ZHANG S Y,et al.Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional quality of Prunus salicina Lindl. cv'Shazi Kongxinli'fruit[J].Food and Fermentation Industries,2020,46(12):264-270.(in Chinese)
[22] 任丽娟,赵连生,陈雅坤,等.基于主成分分析和聚类分析方法综合评价东北地区不同品种全株玉米青贮饲料的青贮品质[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(8):3856-3868. REN L J,ZHAO L S,CHEN Y K,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of silage quality of whole corn silage for different varieties in Northeast China based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(8):3856-3868.(in Chinese)
[23] 杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1993:15-17. YANG S.Feed analysis and feed quality inspection technology[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,1993:15-17.(in Chinese)
[24] 汪梦萍.饲料营养成分分析[M].武汉:华中农业大学教务处,1998:1-104. WANG M P.Analysis on nutrient composition of feed[M].Wuhan:Academic Affairs Office of Huazhong Agricultural University,1998:1-104.(in Chinese)
[25] 中华人民共和国农业部.天然草原等级评定技术规范:NY/T 1579-2007[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2008. Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC.Technical guide for grade assessment of natural grassland:NY/T 1579-2007[S].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[26] 秦彧,李晓忠,姜文清,等.西藏主要作物与牧草营养成分及其营养类型研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):122-129. QIN Y,LI X Z,JIANG W Q,et al.An investigation of nutrition components and types in Tibet main crop straws and pastures[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(5):122-129.(in Chinese)
[27] 邹君洪,刘琳,唐川江,等.川西北天然草地野生饲用植物资源及饲用价值评价[J].草地学报,2020,28(2):461-467. ZOU J H,LIU L,TANG C J,et al.Wild forage resources and evaluation of their feeding value in natural grassland of northwest Sichuan[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2020,28(2):461-467.(in Chinese)
[28] 彭廉宾.树叶的饲用价值[J].饲料与畜牧,2000(4):27-29. PENG L B.Feeding value of leaves[J].Feed and Husbandry,2000(4):27-29.(in Chinese)
[29] 程世国,马黎,邹真慧,等.林麝饲养标准[J].西南民族学院学报(畜牧兽医版),1989,15(4):13-15. CHENG S G,MA L,ZOU Z H,et al.Feeding standard for forest musk deer[J].Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities (Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Edition),1989,15(4):13-15.(in Chinese)
[30] 冯志华,赵国先.家兔的粗纤维营养研究[J].饲料博览,2002(6):33-34. FENG Z H,ZHAO G X.Research review of crude fiber nutrition on rabbits[J].Feed Review,2002(6):33-34.(in Chinese)
[31] 王秋婷,郭鑫钰,安清聪,等.不同粗纤维水平补充料对育成期林麝生长性能及养分消化率影响研究[J].云南畜牧兽医,2021(4):24-27. WANG Q T,GUO X Y,AN Q C,et al.Effects of different crude fiber supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)[J].Yunnan Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2021(4):24-27.(in Chinese)
[32] 郑凯,顾洪如,沈益新,等.牧草品质评价体系及品质育种的研究进展[J].草业科学,2006,23(5):57-61. ZHENG K,GU H R,SHEN Y X,et al.Evaluation system of forage quality and research advances in forage quality breeding[J].Pratacultural Science,2006,23(5):57-61.(in Chinese)
[33] 王成.多指标综合评价的一种灰色模糊决策方法[J].延边大学学报(自然科学版),2007,33(1):12-15. WANG C.A grey fuzzy decision-making method of multi index comprehensive evaluation[J].Journal of Yanbian University (Natural Science),2007,33(1):12-15.(in Chinese)
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

    联系我们

  • 地址：北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号
    　　　中国农业大学动科动医大楼153室
  • 邮编：100193
  • 电话：010－62817823
  • 网址：http://www.chinajan.com
  • E-mail：cjan@chinajan.com
京公网安备 11010802041926号    京ICP备17050989号-2