研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

国产苜蓿干草替代进口苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物区系的影响

  • 翟云飞 ,
  • 王健 ,
  • 夏海斌 ,
  • 汪长建 ,
  • 王根林 ,
  • 韩兆玉
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  • 1. 南京农业大学动物科技学院, 乳牛科学研究所, 南京 210095;
    2. 新疆伊犁州畜牧总站, 伊宁 835000
翟云飞(1994—),男,山东青岛人,硕士研究生,从事反刍动物营养研究。E-mail:1063962533@qq.com

收稿日期: 2022-04-11

  网络出版日期: 2022-11-14

基金资助

江苏省奶牛产业技术体系项目(JATS[2020]416)

Replacing Imported Alfalfa Hay with Domestic Alfalfa Hay: Effects on Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microflora of Dairy Cows

  • ZHAI Yunfei ,
  • WANG Jian ,
  • XIA Haibin ,
  • WANG Changjian ,
  • WANG Genlin ,
  • HAN Zhaoyu
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  • 1. Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
    2. Yili State Institute of Animal Science, Yining 835000, China

Received date: 2022-04-11

  Online published: 2022-11-14

摘要

本试验旨在研究不同比例的国产苜蓿干草替代进口苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物区系的影响。选择60头处于泌乳中期的年龄、胎次相近的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成3组,每组20头。对照组饲喂含有进口苜蓿干草的饲粮,50%替代组用国产苜蓿干草50%替代进口苜蓿干草,100%替代组用国产苜蓿干草100%替代进口苜蓿干草。预试期7 d,正试期90 d。每天记录采食量和剩料量,定期采集饲粮和苜蓿干草样本,测定饲粮和苜蓿干草的营养成分含量;于预试期和正试期的最后1 d尾静脉采血10 mL,离心分装血清,测定血清生化指标;于正试期第90天用瘤胃导管随机采集各组4头牛的瘤胃液,测定瘤胃发酵参数,并利用16S分析瘤胃微生物区系。结果显示:1)随国产苜蓿干草替代比例的增加,奶牛干物质采食量递减,100%替代组与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。2)50%替代组和100%替代组的乳蛋白率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且50%替代组的产奶量显著高于对照组和100%替代组(P<0.05),4%标准乳产量、乳脂率、乳糖率、乳总固形物含量和乳体细胞数各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)国产苜蓿干草替代50%或100%的进口苜蓿干草对奶牛的血清生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)国产苜蓿干草替代50%或100%的进口苜蓿干草对奶牛的瘤胃发酵参数和微生物区系均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上可知,在本试验条件下,用国产苜蓿干草50%替代进口苜蓿干草对奶牛的生产性能、血清生化指标及瘤胃健康无负面影响,该试验结果可为奶牛养殖企业提供参考。

本文引用格式

翟云飞 , 王健 , 夏海斌 , 汪长建 , 王根林 , 韩兆玉 . 国产苜蓿干草替代进口苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物区系的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(11) : 7166 -7176 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.11.035

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of replacing imported alfalfa hay (IAH) with domestic alfalfa hay (DAH) on performance, serum biochemical indexes, rumen fermentation parameters and microflora of dairy cows. Sixty Holstein cows in the middle lactation stage with similar age and parity were randomly divided into three groups with 20 cows in each group. The control group was fed with a diet containing IAH, the 50% replacement group used DAH to replace 50% IAH, and the 100% replacement group used DAH to replace 100% IAH. The pre-experimental period was 7 days and the experimental period was 90 days. The intake and refusal of total mixed ration (TMR) were recorded every day, and the samples of TMR and alfalfa hay were collected regularly. Nutrient contents of experimental diets and alfalfa hay were measured; on the last day of pre-experimental period and experimental period, 10 mL blood was collected from caudal vein, centrifuged and serum biochemical indexes were measured; on the 90th day of experimental period, rumen fluid of 4 cows in each group was collected randomly by using oro-ruminal probe, the rumen fermentation parameters were measured, and the rumen microorganisms were analyzed by 16S. The results showed as follows:1) with the increase of replacement ratio of DAH, dry matter intake (DMI) of dairy cows decreased progressively, and there was a significant difference between the control group and the 100% replacement group (P<0.05). 2) The milk protein rate of 50% replacement group and 100% replacement group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05), the milk yield of 50% replacement group was significantly higher than that of control group and 100% replacement group (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in 4% standard milk yield, milk fat rate, milk sugar rate, milk total solid content and milk somatic cell count among groups (P>0.05). 3) Replacing 50% or 100% IAH with DAH had no significant effects on serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows (P>0.05). 4) Replacing 50% or 100% IAH with DAH did not affect the rumen fermentation parameters of dairy cows (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in rumen microflora among groups (P>0.05). In summary, under this experimental condition, replacing 50% IAH with DAH has no negative effects on performance, serum biochemical indexes and rumen health of dairy cows. This experiment result can provide a reference for dairy farming industry.

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