研究论文 RESEARCH PAPER

低蛋白质饲料中添加血根碱对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响

  • 李宜芳 ,
  • 陈团 ,
  • 胡毅 ,
  • 石勇 ,
  • 钟蕾
展开
  • 湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院, 湖南省特色水产资源利用工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410128
李宜芳(1997—),女,贵州安龙人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。E-mail:1425490007@qq.com

收稿日期: 2022-04-19

  网络出版日期: 2022-11-14

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(32172985);蓝色粮仓重点专项"水产养殖动物新型蛋白源开发与高效饲料研制"(2019YFD0900200);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ4044);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(QL20210161)

Effects of Adding Sanguinarine in Low Protein Diet on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Health of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

  • LI Yifang ,
  • CHEN Tuan ,
  • HU Yi ,
  • SHI Yong ,
  • ZHONG Lei
Expand
  • Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Received date: 2022-04-19

  Online published: 2022-11-14

摘要

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲料中添加血根碱对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响。选择375尾初始体重为(91.04±0.37) g的草鱼,随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼。设置蛋白质水平为30.00%的饲料为正常蛋白质组(CON组);降低正常蛋白质组饲料中鱼粉和豆粕水平,以蛋白质水平为28.00%的饲料为低蛋白质组,并在低蛋白质饲料中分别添加0(Sa0组)、200(Sa200组)、400(Sa400组)和800 mg/kg (Sa800组)的血根碱。试验期为8周。结果表明:1)除肥满度外,各组草鱼生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与CON组相比,Sa0组草鱼血清葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量有所降低(P>0.05);Sa800组血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量显著高于Sa0组(P<0.05)。3)与CON组相比,Sa0组草鱼肠道脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),Sa800组肠道钠钾ATP酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);Sa800组肠道脂肪酶和肌酸激酶活性显著高于Sa0组(P<0.05)。4)与CON组相比,Sa0组草鱼肠道超氧化物歧化酶活性和还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著降低(P<0.05);与Sa0组相比,Sa800组肠道超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性以及还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著提高(P<0.05)。5)与CON组相比,Sa0组草鱼肠道绒毛稀疏且绒毛出现断裂损伤;Sa800组草鱼肠道绒毛排列整齐度、密集度及绒毛宽度均有改善,且肠道绒毛无断裂损伤现象。综上所述,低蛋白质饲料中添加血根碱后能够促进草鱼脂肪代谢及对糖类的吸收,提高肠道消化酶活性和抗氧化能力,改善肠道组织形态结构,且以800 mg/kg添加水平效果较佳。

本文引用格式

李宜芳 , 陈团 , 胡毅 , 石勇 , 钟蕾 . 低蛋白质饲料中添加血根碱对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022 , 34(11) : 7332 -7341 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.11.050

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding sanguinarine in low protein diet on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and intestinal health of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 375 grass carp with an initial body weight of (91.04±0.37) g were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 25 fish per replicate. The diet with a protein level of 30.00% was set as normal protein group (CON group); the levels of fish meal and soybean meal in the normal protein group were reduced, and the diet with a protein level of 28.00% was set as the low-protein groups, which were supplemented with 0 (Sa0 group), 200 (Sa200 group), 400 (Sa400 group) and 800 mg/kg (Sa800 group) sanguinarine, respectively. The trial lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows:1) there were no significant differences in the growth performance of grass carp among all groups except for the condition factor (P>0.05). 2) Compared with CON group, the serum contents of glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol of grass carp in Sa0 group were decreased (P>0.05), and the serum contents of glucose and triglyceride in Sa800 group were significantly higher than those in Sa0 group (P<0.05). 3) Compared with CON group, the intestinal activities of lipase and amylase of grass carp in Sa0 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the intestinal sodium and potassium ATPase activity in Sa800 group were significantly increased (P<0.05); the intestinal activities of lipase and creatine kinase in Sa800 group were significantly higher than those in Sa0 group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with CON group, the intestinal superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione content of grass carp in Sa0 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05); compared with Sa0 group, the intestinal activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the reduced glutathione content in Sa800 group were significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the CON group, the intestinal villi of grass carp in Sa0 group were sparse and appeared to be fractured and damaged; the uniformity, density and width of intestinal villi of grass carp in Sa800 group were improved, and there were not fractured and damaged. In conclusion, the low protein diet supplemented with sanguinarine can promote the fat metabolism and carbohydrate absorption, improve intestinal digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant capacity, and improve intestinal tissue morphology and structure of grass carp, and the supplemental level of 800 mg/kg has the best effect.

参考文献

[1] WANG J T, HUANG R X, HAN T, et al.Dietary protein requirement of juvenile spotted knifejaw Oplegnathus punctatus[J].Aquaculture Reports, 2021, 21:100874.
[2] MEGAHED M E, ELMESIRY G, ELLITHY A, et al.Genetic, nutritional and pathological investigations on the effect of feeding low protein diet and biofloc on growth performance, survival and disease prevention of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus[J].Aquaculture International, 2018, 26(2):589-615.  
[3] JIANG H C, WANG M H, ZHENG Y, et al.Dietary laminarin administration to enhance the immune responses, promote growing and strengthen physique in Ictalurus punctatus[J].Aquaculture Nutrition, 2021, 27(4):1181-1191.  
[4] BASHA K A, RAMAN R P, PRASAD K P, et al.Effect of dietary supplemented andrographolide on growth, non-specific immune parameters and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita (Hamilton)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2013, 35(5):1433-1441.  
[5] LI Y, RAN C, WEI K J, et al.The effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on growth, gut and liver health, and anti-viral immunity of zebrafish[J].Aquaculture, 2021, 540:736677.
[6] PALANISAMY S, VINOSHA M, RAJASEKAR P, et al.Antibacterial efficacy of a fucoidan fraction (Fu-F2) extracted from Sargassum polycystum[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 125:485-495.
[7] 石勇, 胡毅, 刘艳莉, 等.血根碱对LPS诱导后黄鳝免疫应激及肠道炎症相关基因表达的影响[J].中国水产科学, 2020, 27(1):125-136. SHI Y, HU Y, LIU Y L, et al.Effects of sanguinarine on immune and intestinal inflammation related to gene expression in rice field eels (Monopterus albus) induced by LPS[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2020, 27(1):125-136.(in Chinese)
[8] BAVARSADI M, MAHDAVI A H, ANSARI-MAHYARI S, et al.Sanguinarine improved nutrient digestibility, hepatic health indices and productive performance in laying hens fed low crude protein diets[J].Veterinary Medicine and Science, 2021, 7(3):800-811.  
[9] 胡贵丽, 刘靖, 田莎, 等.茶籽多糖和博落回生物碱对黄羽肉鸡肠道菌群的影响及博落回血根碱的抑菌活性[J].动物营养学报, 2018, 30(11):4619-4625. HU G L, LIU J, TIAN S, et al.Effects of tea seed polysaccharide and macleaya cordata alkaloids on intestinal flora of yellow-feathered broilers and antimicrobial activity of Macleaya cordata sanguinarine[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018, 30(11):4619-4625.(in Chinese)
[10] DRSATA J, ULRICHOVÁ J, WALTEROVÁ D.Sanguinarine and chelerythrine as inhibitors of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase[J].Journal of Enzyme Inhibition, 1996, 10(4):231-237.  
[11] 贺喜, 岳龙, 张石蕊, 等.低蛋白质饲粮中植物源血根碱替代色氨酸对仔猪门静脉血浆流率及氨基酸代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2015, 27(6):1861-1867. HE X, YUE L, ZHANG S R, et al.Effects of botanical sanguinarine replacing tryptophan of low protein diets on portal vein plasma flow rate and amino acids metabolism of piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015, 27(6):1861-1867.(in Chinese)
[12] SIVARAMAKRISHNAN T, AMBASANKAR K, KUMAR T S, et al.Influence of dietary protein levels on growth, feed utilization, body indices and serum profile of silver moony Monodactylus argenteus[J].Aquaculture, 2022, 549:737823.
[13] ZHANG C, LING F, CHI C, et al.Effects of praziquantel and sanguinarine on expression of immune genes and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila in goldfish (Carassius auratus) infected with Dactylogyrus intermedius[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2013, 35(4):1301-1308.  
[14] ZHANG R, WANG X W, ZHU J Y, et al.Dietary sanguinarine affected immune response, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microbiota of Koi carp (Cryprinus carpiod)[J].Aquaculture, 2019, 502:72-79.
[15] 张震, 郝强, 周小秋, 等.近年我国淡水鱼营养与饲料科学研究进展[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(10):4743-4764. ZHANG Z, HAO Q, ZHOU X Q, et al.Recent research progresses of nutrition and feed science of freshwater fish in China[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(10):4743-4764.(in Chinese)
[16] 王丹, 吴反修, 宋丹丹, 等.2021中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2021:24-25. WANG D, WU F X, SONG D D, et al.China fishery statistics yearbook 2021[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2021:24-25.(in Chinese)
[17] XU J, FENG L, JIANG W D, et al.Different dietary protein levels affect flesh quality, fatty acids and alter gene expression of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes in the muscle of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].Aquaculture, 2018, 493:272-282.
[18] 姜文灏, 杨鑫, 周秋白, 等.黄鳝饲料蛋白质需求量的研究[J].水生生物学报, 2022, 46(8):1205-1214. JIANG W H, YANG X, ZHOU Q B, et al.Requirement level of dietary protein for Monopterus albus[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2022, 46(8):1205-1214.(in Chinese)
[19] 杨贺舒, 孙俊霄, 杨慧君, 等.低蛋白饲料对杂交黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、转氨酶活性和抗氧化能力的影响[J].水生生物学报, 2022, 46(1):79-87. YANG H S, SUN J X, YANG H J, et al.Effect of low-protein diet on growth performance, body composition, transaminase activity and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish hybrid[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2022, 46(1):79-87.(in Chinese)
[20] KIM Y J, LEE J H, KIM T H, et al.Effect of low protein diets added with protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets and growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 2021, 63(3):491-500.  
[21] LIU Y L, ZHONG L, CHEN T, et al.Dietary sanguinarine supplementation on the growth performance, immunity and intestinal health of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed cottonseed and rapeseed meal diets[J].Aquaculture, 2020, 528:735521.
[22] JIANG M, WEN H, GOU G W, et al.Preliminary study to evaluate the effects of dietary bile acids on growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed plant ingredient-based diets[J].Aquaculture Nutrition, 2018, 24(4):1175-1183.  
[23] AKRAMI R, GHARAEI A, MANSOUR M R, et al.Effects of dietary onion (Allium cepa) powder on growth, innate immune response and hemato-biochemical parameters of beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754) juvenile[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2015, 45(2):828-834.  
[24] 车彦卓, 黄振吾, 武书庚, 等.不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平下黑水虻蛋白替代豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋清品质及血清蛋白质代谢指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(4):1632-1640. CHE Y Z, HUANG Z W, WU S G, et al.Effects of soybean meal replaced by fly maggot protein in different dietary crude protein levels on performance, albumen quality and serum proteometabolism indexes of laying hens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(4):1632-1640.(in Chinese)
[25] 杨琳霖, 胡毅, 朱波, 等.金针菇菇头对草鱼生长、消化酶活性、肠道组织结构、肌肉品质及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(8):4569-4579. YANG L L, HU Y, ZHU B, et al.Effects of flammulina velutipes stembase on growth, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal tissue structure, muscle quality and serum biochemical parameters of grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(8):4569-4579.(in Chinese)
[26] 费树站, 巫丽云, 郭伟, 等.饲料脂肪水平对长养殖周期异育银鲫"中科3号"生长和脂代谢的影响[J].水生生物学报, 2022, 46(1):48-57. FEI S Z, WU L Y, GUO W, et al.A Long-term culture of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Var. Cas Ⅲ) in net cages for 340 days:effects of dietary lipid on growth, digestive enzyme and lipid metabolism[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2022, 46(1):48-57.(in Chinese)
[27] FU S J.The growth performance of southern catfish fed diets with raw, precooked cornstarch and glucose at two levels[J].Aquaculture Nutrition, 2005, 11(4):257-261.  
[28] PANOV A V, DIKALOV S I.Cardiolipin, perhydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial dysfunctions and aging[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, 2020:1323028.
[29] SUI Y M, HUANG X Z, KONG H, et al.Physiological responses to salinity increase in blood parrotfish (Cichlasoma synspilum♀×Cichlasoma citrinellum)[J].SpringerPlus, 2016, 5(1):1246.
[30] 孙金辉, 范泽, 张美静, 等.饲料蛋白水平对鲤幼鱼肝功能和抗氧化能力的影响[J].南方水产科学, 2017, 13(3):113-119. SUN J H, FAN Z, ZHANG M J, et al.Effect of dietary protein level on hepatic function and antioxidant capacity of juvenile common carps (Cyprinus carpio)[J].South China Fisheries Science, 2017, 13(3):113-119.(in Chinese)
[31] 余含, 戈贤平, 孙盛明, 等.膨化饲料中蛋白水平对大规格鳙生长、消化酶活性和抗氧化能力的影响[J].南京农业大学学报, 2019, 42(6):1158-1166. YU H, GE X P, SUN S M, et al.The effect of dietary protein level on the growth, digestive enzymes activities and antioxidant ability of the bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2019, 42(6):1158-1166.(in Chinese)
[32] BAVARSADI M, MAHDAVI A H, ANSARI-MAHYARI S, et al.Effects of different levels of sanguinarine on antioxidant indices, immunological responses, ileal microbial counts and jejunal morphology of laying hens fed diets with different levels of crude protein[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2017, 101(5):936-948.  
[33] QIN F Z, PATEL R, YAN C, et al.NADPH oxidase is involved in angiotensin Ⅱ-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cardiac muscle cells:effects of apocynin[J].Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 2006, 40(2):236-246.  
文章导航

/