1 材料与方法
1.1 试验原料
表1 棉籽浓缩蛋白化学成分分析(风干基础)Table 1 Analysis of chemical composition in cotton protein concentrate (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 92.56 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 60.99 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 0.43 | ||
| 粗灰分Ash | 7.54 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 14.06 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 4.32 | ||
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 19.39 | ||
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | ||
| 氨基酸组成AA composition | |||
| 精氨酸Arg | 7.70 | ||
| 组氨酸His | 1.72 | ||
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 1.90 | ||
| 亮氨酸Leu | 3.39 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 2.74 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.80 | ||
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 3.34 | ||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 1.88 | ||
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.73 | ||
| 缬氨酸Val | 2.75 | ||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 2.30 | ||
| 天门冬氨酸Asp | 5.58 | ||
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.86 | ||
| 谷氨酸Glu | 12.12 | ||
| 甘氨酸Gly | 2.49 | ||
| 脯氨酸Pro | 2.25 | ||
| 丝氨酸Ser | 2.47 | ||
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 1.54 |
1.2 试验设计和试验饲粮
表2 试验1和试验2饲粮组成(风干基础)Table 2 Composition of diets in experiment 1 and experiment 2 (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 试验1 Experiment 1 | 试验2 Experiment 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基础饲粮 Basal diet | 棉籽浓缩蛋白饲粮 Cotton protein concentrate diet | 棉籽浓缩蛋白饲粮 Cotton protein concentrate diet | 无氮饲粮 N-free diet | ||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米Corn | 96.90 | 77.52 | |||
| 棉籽浓缩蛋白Cotton protein concentrate | 19.38 | 30.00 | |||
| 玉米淀粉Corn starch | 50.00 | 73.35 | |||
| 豆油Soy oil | 2.00 | 3.00 | |||
| 蔗糖Sucrose | 15.00 | 15.00 | |||
| 醋酸纤维素Cellulose acetate | 4.00 | ||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 1.50 | 2.50 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.40 | 0.50 | |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.45 | |
| 三氧化二铬Cr2O3 | 0.30 | 0.30 | |||
| 碳酸钾K2CO3 | 0.30 | ||||
| 氧化镁MgO | 0.10 | ||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||
| 预混料Premix | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 5 512 IU,VD3 2 200 IU,VE 30 IU,VK3 2.2 mg,VB12 27.6 μg,核黄素 riboflavin 4.0 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 14.0 mg,烟酸 niacin 30.0 mg,胆碱 choline chloride 400.0 mg,叶酸 folacin 0.7 mg,硫胺素 thiamine 1.5 mg,VB6 3.0 mg,生物素 biotin 44.0 μg,Mn (as MnO) 40.0 mg,Fe (as FeSO4) 75.0 mg,Zn (as ZnO) 75.0 mg,Cu (as CuSO4) 20.0 mg,I (as KI) 0.3 mg,Se (as Na2SeO3) 0.3 mg。 |
表3 试验3饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 3 Composition and nutrient levels of diets in experiment 3 (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 棉籽浓缩蛋白水平Cotton protein concentrate level/% | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | ||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 62.00 | 61.93 | 61.86 | 61.79 | |||||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | |||||
| 乳清粉Whey powder | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | |||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | |||||
| 棉籽浓缩蛋白Cotton protein concentrate | 2.00 | 4.00 | 6.00 | ||||||
| 膨化大豆Extruded soybean | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | |||||
| 大豆浓缩蛋白Soy protein concentrate | 6.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 | ||||||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | |||||
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys HCl | 0.60 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.76 | |||||
| 项目 Items | 棉籽浓缩蛋白水平Cotton protein concentrate level/% | ||||||||
| 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | ||||||
| L-苏氨酸L-Thr | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.19 | |||||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||||
| L-色氨酸L-Trp | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||||
| 石粉Limestone | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | |||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.64 | |||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | |||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||
| 净能NE/(MJ/kg) | 12.40 | 12.40 | 12.40 | 12.40 | |||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 19.08 | 19.14 | 19.17 | 19.22 | |||||
| 标准回肠可消化赖氨酸SID Lys | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | |||||
| 标准回肠可消化苏氨酸SID Thr | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | |||||
| 标准回肠可消化蛋氨酸SID Met | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | |||||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 12 000 IU,VD3 1 500 IU,VE 30 IU,VK3 2.0 mg,VB12 12.0 μg,核黄素 riboflavin 4.0 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 15.0 mg,烟酸 niacin 40.0 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.7 mg;硫胺素 thiamine 1.5 mg,VB6 3.0 m,Mn (as MnO) 30.0 mg,Fe (as FeSO4) 70.0 mg,Zn (as ZnO) 75.0 mg,Cu (as CuSO4) 20.0 mg,I (as KI) 0.3 mg,Se (as Na2SeO3) 0.3 mg。 2)计算值。Calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 样品检测
1.6 计算公式
1.7 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 棉籽浓缩蛋白有效能值、能量表观全肠道消化率和氨基酸标准回肠消化率
表4 棉籽浓缩蛋白消化能、代谢能和能量表观全肠道消化率(风干基础)Table 4 Digestible energy, metabolizable energy and apparent total intestinal digestibility of energy in cotton protein concentrate (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 总能 GE/(MJ/kg) | 消化能 DE/(MJ/kg) | 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 能量表观全肠道消化率 Apparent total intestinal digestibility of energy/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 饲粮Diets | ||||
| 基础饲粮Basal diet | 15.80 | 13.54 | 13.48 | 87.16 |
| 棉籽浓缩蛋白饲粮Cotton protein concentrate diet | 16.24 | 14.22 | 13.77 | 87.54 |
| 原料Ingredient | ||||
| 棉籽浓缩蛋白Cotton protein concentrate | 18.39 | 16.51 | 15.38 | 89.79 |
表5 棉籽浓缩蛋白的氨基酸表观和标准回肠消化率Table 5 Apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in cotton protein concentrate % |
| 项目 Items | 表观回肠消化率 Apparent ileal digestibility | 标准回肠消化率 Standardized ileal digestibility |
|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质CP | 82 | 89 |
| 必需氨基酸Essential amino acids | ||
| 精氨酸Arg | 93 | 94 |
| 组氨酸His | 87 | 90 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 83 | 88 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 84 | 89 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 73 | 78 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 84 | 88 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 87 | 90 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 77 | 84 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 80 | 84 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 80 | 85 |
| 非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acids | ||
| 丙氨酸Ala | 80 | 87 |
| 天门冬氨酸Asp | 86 | 90 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 82 | 87 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 92 | 94 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 68 | 75 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 75 | 89 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 83 | 88 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 85 | 89 |
2.2 棉籽浓缩蛋白替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
表6 棉籽浓缩蛋白替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能与腹泻率的影响Table 6 Effects of cotton protein concentrate replacing soy protein concentrate on growth performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 棉籽浓缩蛋白水平Cotton protein concentrate level/% | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||
| 初重Initial weight/kg | 8.31 | 8.33 | 8.29 | 8.32 | 0.24 | 0.99 | |||||||
| 末重Final weight/kg | 20.38 | 20.16 | 20.55 | 20.23 | 0.52 | 0.83 | |||||||
| 第1~14天Days 1 to 14 | |||||||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 339 | 344 | 341 | 332 | 11.30 | 0.76 | |||||||
| 项目 Items | 棉籽浓缩蛋白水平Cotton protein concentrate level/% | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||||
| 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 541 | 547 | 562 | 515 | 20.36 | 0.50 | |||||||
| 料重比F/G | 1.58 | 1.59 | 1.71 | 1.58 | 0.05 | 0.46 | |||||||
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.45 | 1.27 | 0.32 | 0.58 | |||||||
| 第15~28天Days 15 to 28 | |||||||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 528 | 501 | 535 | 518 | 12.27 | 0.48 | |||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 934 | 883 | 980 | 867 | 31.40 | 0.27 | |||||||
| 料重比F/G | 1.77 | 1.77 | 1.83 | 1.66 | 0.31 | 0.10 | |||||||
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 4.10 | 4.43 | 4.84 | 4.63 | 0.48 | 0.96 | |||||||
| 第1~28天Days 1 to 28 | |||||||||||||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 433 | 423 | 437 | 425 | 11.66 | 0.70 | |||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 737 | 715 | 770 | 691 | 23.91 | 0.31 | |||||||
| 料重比F/G | 1.70 | 1.69 | 1.77 | 1.63 | 0.31 | 0.11 | |||||||
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 2.65 | 2.82 | 3.14 | 3.9 | 0.32 | 0.53 | |||||||
2.3 棉籽浓缩蛋白替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪营养物质消化率的影响
表7 棉籽浓缩蛋白替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪营养物质消化率的影响Table 7 Effects of cotton protein concentrate replacing soy protein concentrate on nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets% |
| 项目 Items | 棉籽浓缩蛋白水平Cotton protein concentrate level/% | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | |||
| 总能GE | 81.64 | 80.71 | 82.11 | 82.10 | 0.42 | 0.30 |
| 干物质DM | 83.57 | 82.08 | 83.61 | 83.38 | 0.37 | 0.20 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 67.33 | 64.36 | 67.72 | 69.94 | 1.01 | 0.70 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 72.60 | 63.26 | 73.80 | 74.25 | 0.81 | 0.23 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 64.08 | 63.85 | 63.70 | 63.96 | 0.88 | 0.90 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 57.61 | 50.08 | 58.95 | 57.91 | 0.91 | 0.52 |
2.4 棉籽浓缩蛋白替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响
表8 棉籽浓缩蛋白替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响Table 8 Effects of cotton protein concentrate replacing soy protein concentrate on serum biochemical indexes of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 棉籽浓缩蛋白水平Cotton protein concentrate level/% | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | |||
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 21.88 | 27.25 | 28.18 | 25.21 | 1.53 | 0.13 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 27.72 | 37.39 | 41.19 | 31.15 | 2.34 | 0.06 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 131.47 | 236.07 | 148.26 | 127.76 | 23.60 | 0.40 |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 1.98 | 2.24 | 2.67 | 1.89 | 0.14 | 0.71 |
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 51.44 | 47.28 | 51.09 | 51.47 | 0.92 | 0.15 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 20.28 | 20.94 | 20.50 | 21.83 | 0.60 | 0.44 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(g/L) | 10.85 | 10.86 | 11.18 | 12.62 | 0.32 | 0.07 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(g/L) | 2.37 | 2.49 | 2.52 | 2.63 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(g/L) | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.24 | 0.19 |
| 白细胞介素2 IL-2/(pg/mL) | 283.80 | 335.15 | 299.34 | 298.02 | 12.91 | 0.22 |
| 白细胞介素6 IL-6/(pg/mL) | 136.54 | 136.94 | 131.31 | 124.88 | 23.38 | 0.40 |
| 白细胞介素10 IL-10/(pg/mL) | 15.59 | 15.09 | 14.51 | 15.47 | 0.28 | 0.24 |
| 白细胞介素12 IL-12/(pg/mL) | 48.85 | 59.76 | 52.18 | 52.40 | 2.12 | 0.11 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 46.96 | 43.72 | 43.08 | 45.20 | 1.25 | 0.35 |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 10.02 | 10.90 | 11.23 | 10.39 | 0.25 | 0.13 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 308.32 | 344.11 | 349.91 | 310.99 | 7.62 | 0.06 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 4.97 | 4.86 | 4.74 | 4.75 | 0.25 | 0.78 |

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