1 材料与方法
1.1 CPN
1.2 试验设计与饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 葵花籽壳Sunflower shell | 14.00 | ||
| 喷浆玉米皮Shotcrete corn husk | 5.00 | ||
| 玉米白皮Corn husk | 6.00 | ||
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 20.00 | ||
| 玉米Corn | 29.20 | ||
| 干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS | 5.00 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 3.50 | ||
| 膨润土Bentonite | 3.50 | ||
| 稻壳Rice hull | 3.50 | ||
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 2.20 | ||
| 糖蜜Molasses | 2.00 | ||
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 1.50 | ||
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.50 | ||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 1.00 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 2.10 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 9.62 | ||
| 干物质DM | 91.56 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 14.56 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.95 | ||
| 粗灰分Ash | 7.67 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 38.44 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 14.92 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.76 | ||
| 磷P | 0.48 |
1)每千克预混料含有 One kg of premix contained as follows:VA 350 000 IU,VB1 62 mg,VB2 188 mg,VB3 750 mg,VB5 500 mg,VB6 62 mg,VB7 3.7 mg,VB9 38 mg,VD3 93 750 IU,VE 938 mg,VK3 63 mg,Se 18 mg,Zn 3 000 mg,I 23 mg,Co 30 mg,Mn 2 500 mg,Fe 3 240 mg,Cu 500 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其他为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 样品采集
1.4 瘤胃发酵参数的测定
1.5 Illumina-Nova测序分析
1.5.1 瘤胃食糜总DNA的提取、扩增及测序
1.5.2 生物信息学分析
1.6 背最长肌脂肪酸组成的测定
1.7 统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 CPN对育肥小尾寒羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响
表2 CPN对育肥小尾寒羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响Table 2 Effects of CPN on rumen fermentation parameters of finishing small tail Han sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Test group | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 5.66 | 5.48 | 0.10 | 0.37 |
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(mg/dL) | 11.76a | 5.08b | 1.80 | 0.04 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA/(mmol/L) | 10.58 | 11.97 | 0.57 | 0.24 |
| 乙酸Acetate acid/% | 44.81 | 46.58 | 0.91 | 0.36 |
| 丙酸Propionate acid/% | 35.35 | 37.01 | 1.23 | 0.53 |
| 异丁酸Isobutyrate acid/% | 1.01 | 0.85 | 0.13 | 0.57 |
| 丁酸Butyrate acid/% | 12.27 | 9.91 | 0.73 | 0.11 |
| 戊酸Valerate acid/% | 3.51 | 3.83 | 0.29 | 0.61 |
| 异戊酸Isovalerate acid/% | 0.89 | 0.61 | 0.12 | 0.27 |
| 乙丙比A/P | 1.29 | 1.29 | 0.07 | 0.97 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 CPN对育肥小尾寒羊瘤胃菌群结构的影响
2.2.1 CPN对育肥小尾寒羊瘤胃菌群Alpha多样性指数和Beta多样性的影响
2.2.2 CPN对育肥小尾寒羊瘤胃菌群丰度的影响
图3 MetaStat分析(属水平)Acidothermus:热酸菌属;Ruminococcus:瘤胃球菌属;Olsenella:奥尔森菌属;Fibrobacter:纤维杆菌属;Prevotella:普雷沃氏菌属;Bacteroides:拟杆菌属;Pseudomonas:绿脓杆菌属;Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group:普雷沃氏菌科Ga6A1群;Sphingomonas:鞘氨醇单胞菌属;Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group:毛螺菌科NK3A20群;Treponema:密螺旋体菌属;[Eubacterium]_ruminantium_group:啮齿真杆菌属群;Succiniclasticum:解琥珀酸菌属;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Syntrophococcus:互营球菌属;Prevotellaceae_UCG-001:普雷沃氏菌科UCG-001;Acetitomaculum:醋酸杆菌属;[Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group:发光球菌属群;Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001:琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001;Escherichia-Shigella:埃希氏-志贺菌属;Blautia:布劳特氏菌属;Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002:柔膜菌科UCG-002;Saccharofermentans:产酸糖酵菌属;Dialister:小杆菌属;Megasphaera:巨型球菌属;Lactobacillus:乳杆菌属;Succinivibrio:琥珀酸弧菌属;Faecalibacterium:栖粪杆菌属。 Fig.3 MetaStat analysis (genus level) |
2.3 CPN对育肥小尾寒羊背最长肌脂肪酸组成的影响
表3 CPN对育肥小尾寒羊背最长肌脂肪酸组成的影响Table 3 Effects of CPN on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing small tail Han sheep% |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Test group | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 饱和脂肪酸总量Total SFA | 46.08 | 47.13 | 0.926 | 0.594 |
| C12∶0 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.004 | 0.181 |
| C14∶0 | 1.97 | 2.13 | 0.128 | 0.554 |
| C16∶0 | 26.73 | 26.68 | 0.381 | 0.949 |
| C18∶0 | 16.48 | 17.17 | 0.741 | 0.665 |
| C20∶0 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.020 | 0.334 |
| C22∶0 | 0.41 | 0.55 | 0.075 | 0.395 |
| C24∶0 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.042 | 0.394 |
| 单不饱和脂肪酸总量Total MUFA | 45.34 | 41.65 | 1.052 | 0.077 |
| C14∶1 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.008 | 0.488 |
| C16∶1 | 1.88 | 1.48 | 0.138 | 0.153 |
| C18∶1n9c | 43.29 | 40.02 | 0.943 | 0.451 |
| C20∶1 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.004 | 0.164 |
| 多不饱和脂肪酸总量Total PUFA | 8.58 | 11.22 | 1.192 | 0.290 |
| C18∶2n6c | 6.19 | 7.85 | 0.781 | 0.310 |
| C18∶3n6 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.033 | 0.388 |
| C18∶3n3 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.013 | 0.451 |
| C20∶2 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.027 | 0.475 |
| C20∶3n6 | 0.31 | 0.42 | 0.057 | 0.364 |
| C20∶4n6 | 1.44 | 2.18 | 0.293 | 0.222 |
| C20∶5n3 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.400 |
| 总n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸∑n-3 PUFA | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.015 | 0.412 |
| 总n-6高度不饱和脂肪酸∑n-6 PUFA | 8.15 | 10.72 | 1.152 | 0.286 |
2.4 育肥小尾寒羊瘤胃菌群与背最长肌脂肪酸指标之间的相关性
图4 瘤胃菌群(属水平)与背最长肌单不饱和脂肪酸指标的相关性MUFA:单不饱和脂肪 monounsaturated fatty acid;Sphingomonas:鞘氨醇单胞菌属;Acidothermus:热酸菌属;Megasphaera:巨型球菌属;Sharpea:夏普氏菌属;Syntrophococcus:互营球菌属;Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group:毛螺菌科NK4A136群;Succiniclasticum:解琥珀酸菌属;Blautia:布劳特氏菌属;Acetitomaculum:醋酸杆菌属;Escherichia-Shigella:埃希氏-志贺菌属;Pseudomonas:绿脓杆菌属;Lactobacillus:乳杆菌属;Fibrobacter:纤维杆菌属;Olsenella:奥尔森菌属;[Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group:发光球菌属群;Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002:柔膜菌科UCG-002;X[Eubacterium]_ruminantium_group:啮齿真杆菌属群;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Succinivibrio:琥珀酸弧菌属;Saccharofermentans:产酸糖酵菌属;Dialister:小杆菌属;Ruminococcus:瘤胃球菌属;Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group:普雷沃氏菌科Ga6A1群;Faecalibacterium:栖粪杆菌属;Bacteroides:拟杆菌属;Treponema:密螺旋体菌属;Prevotellaceae_UCG-001:普雷沃氏菌科UCG-001;Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001:琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001;Prevotella:普雷沃氏菌属。*表示显著相关 * mean significant correlation。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.4 Correlation between rumen bacteria (genus level) and MUFA indices in longissimus dorsi muscle |

京公网安备 11010802041926号