1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米(2级) Corn (grade 2, 7.8%) | 8.00 | ||
| 小麦麸(1级) Wheat bran (grade 1, 16.5%) | 33.00 | ||
| 大豆粕(3级) Soybean meal (grade 3, 43%) | 11.00 | ||
| 次粉(1级) Wheat middling (grade 1, 15.4%) | 4.00 | ||
| 米糠(2级) Rice bran (grade 2) | 5.00 | ||
| 花生秧Peanut vine | 15.00 | ||
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | ||
| 花生壳Peanut hulls | 12.50 | ||
| 艾叶粉Artemsia argyi powder | 8.00 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.05 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 | ||
| 碳酸氢钙Ca(HCO3)2 | 0.50 | ||
| L-赖氨酸硫酸盐L-Lys hydrochloride | 0.30 | ||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.15 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 9.33 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.37 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.40 | ||
| 粗纤维CF | 14.91 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 42.08 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 23.97 | ||
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 5.62 | ||
| 钙Ca | 1.60 | ||
| 总磷TP | 0.80 | ||
| 粗灰分Ash | 12.35 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:Fe 70 mg,Cu 20 mg,Zn 70 mg,Mn 10 mg,Co 0.15 mg, I 0.2 mg,Se 0.25 mg,VA 10 000 IU,VD 900 IU,VE 50 mg,VK 2 mg,VB1 2 mg,VB2 6 mg,VB5 50 mg,VB6 2 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,VB3 50 mg,胆碱 choline 1 000 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg。 2)营养水平均为实测值。Nutrient levels were all measured values. |
1.2 试验设计与饲养管理
1.3 检测指标与方法
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 养分表观消化率
1.3.3 屠宰性能
1.3.4 肉品质
1.3.5 胃肠道内环境测定
1.3.6 肠道形态测定
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔生长性能的影响
表2 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of yeast peptides and Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 空白对照组 Blank control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 37.05±0.78b | 41.73±0.63a | 39.49±0.37ab | 38.81±0.47ab | 30.91±1.81c | <0.001 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 177.76±2.18b | 191.31±3.64a | 179.74±2.09b | 176.86±2.63b | 153.69±6.92c | <0.001 |
| 料重比F/G | 4.91±0.13b | 4.63±0.04b | 4.64±0.03b | 4.63±0.05b | 5.23±0.16a | 0.001 |
| 腹泻频率Frequency of diarrhea/% | 3.28±0.75b | 0.99±0.63c | 0.90±0.67c | 2.48±0.71bc | 5.95±0.86a | <0.001 |
| 死亡率Mortality rate/% | 11.11±3.51 | 2.78±2.78 | 2.78±2.78 | 8.34±3.73 | 11.11±3.51 | 0.195 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母或有相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔养分表观消化率的影响
表3 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔养分表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of yeast peptides and Bacillus licheniformis on nutrient apparent digestibility of meat rabbits% |
| 项目 Items | 空白对照组 Blank control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 47.92±0.65 | 49.98±0.13 | 51.84±1.12 | 50.72±0.27 | 50.64±2.73 | 0.541 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 69.75±0.61b | 71.56±1.36ab | 73.80±0.93a | 70.19±0.65b | 70.15±1.19b | 0.040 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 81.42±1.65b | 81.09±1.08b | 87.53±1.14a | 80.09±0.82b | 83.23±0.79b | 0.001 |
| 总能GE | 47.53±0.48 | 49.76±0.14 | 53.02±1.13 | 50.99±0.31 | 50.79±2.34 | 0.141 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 41.94±0.94 | 41.52±0.23 | 43.86±1.62 | 45.18±1.47 | 45.16±1.99 | 0.387 |
| 粗纤维CF | 12.98±0.51 | 15.47±1.30 | 16.67±1.53 | 17.13±1.05 | 17.84±1.72 | 0.246 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 28.12±0.46 | 29.95±0.73 | 32.32±1.41 | 31.99±0.36 | 30.46±2.93 | 0.332 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 17.31±0.47b | 21.40±0.80ab | 23.48±1.96a | 21.85±0.59ab | 26.43±3.30a | 0.041 |
| 钙Ca | 48.25±2.47 | 52.32±0.57 | 50.59±2.39 | 50.66±0.69 | 51.85±1.38 | 0.528 |
| 磷P | 18.36±0.68 | 19.18±1.22 | 21.78±1.76 | 22.05±2.09 | 23.16±2.68 | 0.424 |
2.3 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔屠宰性能的影响
表4 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of yeast peptides and Bacillus licheniformis on slaughter performance of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 空白对照组 Blank control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重 Live weight before slaughter/kg | 2.21±0.02cd | 2.33±0.02ab | 2.37±0.04a | 2.27±0.02bc | 2.18±0.03d | <0.001 |
| 屠宰率 Dressing percentage/% | 61.56±0.48 | 63.28±0.99 | 62.45±0.60 | 64.29±0.29 | 62.59±0.54 | 0.091 |
| 半净膛率 Semi-eviscerated percentage/% | 55.23±0.74 | 56.01±0.98 | 55.55±1.01 | 56.86±0.38 | 54.66±1.80 | 0.386 |
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated percentage/% | 51.18±0.71 | 52.02±1.09 | 51.34±0.83 | 52.90±0.45 | 50.66±0.76 | 0.340 |
2.4 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔肉品质的影响
表5 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of yeast peptides and Bacillus licheniformis on meat quality of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 空白对照组 Blank control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 亮度L* | 35.95±0.85 | 35.19±1.06 | 32.45±1.74 | 33.13±1.40 | 37.10±0.94 | 0.097 |
| 红度a* | 2.73±0.23 | 2.82±0.63 | 1.98±0.30 | 2.36±0.26 | 2.26±0.57 | 0.695 |
| 黄度b* | 3.29±0.39 | 3.28±0.32 | 2.57±0.20 | 3.14±0.20 | 3.76±0.68 | 0.432 |
| pH45 min | 7.11±0.06 | 7.06±0.06 | 7.06±0.04 | 7.08±0.06 | 7.07±0.05 | 0.962 |
| pH24 h | 5.68±0.01b | 5.63±0.01c | 5.72±0.02a | 5.72±0.01ab | 5.72±0.01a | <0.001 |
| 蒸煮损失Cooking loss/% | 35.36±0.68 | 35.02±0.69 | 33.67±0.88 | 34.46±0.32 | 34.66±0.55 | 0.470 |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 29.98±1.16ab | 32.50±2.25ab | 29.19±0.63ab | 26.77±1.12b | 32.83±2.00a | 0.046 |
2.5 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔胃肠道pH的影响
表6 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔胃肠道pH的影响Table 6 Effects of yeast peptides and Bacillus licheniformis on pH of gastrointestinal tract of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 空白对照组 Blank control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 胃Stomach | 1.62±0.04a | 1.47±0.02b | 1.46±0.04b | 1.46±0.04b | 1.47±0.01b | 0.015 |
| 十二指肠Duodenum | 6.61±0.13 | 6.79±0.14 | 6.14±0.49 | 6.77±0.14 | 6.97±0.08 | 0.193 |
| 空肠Jejunum | 7.25±0.15 | 7.22±0.04 | 7.10±0.08 | 7.05±0.04 | 7.20±0.06 | 0.385 |
| 回肠Ileum | 7.25±0.14 | 7.27±0.07 | 7.40±0.06 | 7.38±0.02 | 7.40±0.13 | 0.709 |
| 盲肠Cecum | 6.90±0.09 | 6.83±0.12 | 6.70±0.13 | 6.77±0.07 | 6.76±0.07 | 0.695 |
2.6 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔肠道形态的影响
表7 酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔肠道形态的影响Table 7 Effects of yeast peptides and Bacillus licheniformis on intestinal morphology of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | 空白对照组 Blank control group | 抗生素组 Antibiotic group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Test group Ⅲ | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 空肠Junum | ||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 623.98±14.99c | 684.70±20.19ab | 648.30±18.05bc | 675.87±12.84bc | 736.58±26.25a | 0.004 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 146.16±5.18a | 120.46±4.62b | 114.92±4.22b | 126.94±8.02b | 120.64±8.98b | 0.021 |
| 肠壁厚度 Intestinal wall thickness/μm | 100.28±4.62 | 94.49±2.79 | 94.43±8.11 | 103.78±8.96 | 106.40±5.09 | 0.583 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 4.88±0.28b | 6.71±0.48a | 6.07±0.28a | 6.20±0.40a | 7.03±0.46a | 0.008 |
| 回肠Ileum | ||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 522.34±16.64b | 497.29±24.21b | 555.52±22.32ab | 632.59±21.82a | 512.75±48.37b | 0.022 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 118.57±7.74a | 107.74±4.22ab | 97.19±3.98b | 103.13±6.50ab | 94.60±2.47b | 0.030 |
| 肠壁厚度 Intestinal wall thickness/μm | 120.05±4.17 | 146.96±15.39 | 133.71±16.19 | 114.13±19.65 | 119.26±11.86 | 0.502 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 4.73±0.35c | 5.29±0.40bc | 6.14±0.37ab | 6.95±0.36a | 5.83±0.60abc | 0.014 |

京公网安备 11010802041926号