1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 8.00 | ||
| 麸皮Bran | 10.00 | ||
| 次粉Wheat middling | 4.50 | ||
| 碱草粉Alkali grass powder | 11.00 | ||
| 花生壳Peanut shell | 6.00 | ||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.50 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 8.00 | ||
| 艾草Argy wormwood | 10.00 | ||
| 黑啤酒糟Black beer lees | 10.00 | ||
| 胚芽粕Germ meal | 5.00 | ||
| 稻壳粉Rice husk powder | 10.00 | ||
| 玉米皮Corn husk | 7.00 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 5.00 | ||
| 棕榈粕Palm meal | 5.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 9.08 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.42 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.53 | ||
| 粗纤维CF | 16.22 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 38.45 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 20.48 | ||
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 6.43 | ||
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
| 钙Ca | 1.18 | ||
| 磷P | 0.64 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lysine | 1.28 | ||
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Methionine+cystine | 0.79 | ||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 8 000 IU,VD3 1 200 IU,VE 50 mg,VK3 2.5 mg,硫胺素 thiamine 5 mg,核黄素 riboflavin 10 mg,叶酸 folic acid 2.5 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 50 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 20 mg,VB12 1 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 200 mg,Fe 100 mg,Zn 50 mg,Cu 15 mg,Mn 30 mg,I 0.5 mg,CaHPO4 15 g,NaCl 5 g,赖氨酸 Lys 1.5 g,蛋氨酸 Met 1.5 g,其余为杂粕载体补足 the rest was miscellaneous meal carrier complement。 2)消化能为计算值,其余为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 样品处理和屠宰性能
1.3.3 养分表观消化率
1.3.4 血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结 果
2.1 XOS对肉兔生长性能的影响
表2 XOS对肉兔生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of XOS on growth performance of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | XOS添加水平XOS supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 50 | 100 | 200 | ||
| 初重IBW/kg | 1.15±0.07 | 1.18±0.06 | 1.16±0.06 | 1.15±0.07 | 0.375 |
| 末重FBW/kg | 2.11±0.09b | 2.19±0.17ab | 2.29±0.29a | 2.20±0.21ab | 0.049 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 31.77±4.45b | 35.13±5.77a | 36.46±3.26a | 34.64±4.29a | 0.013 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 118.69±9.09b | 124.92±8.74a | 126.21±6.06a | 124.47±10.00a | 0.043 |
| 料重比F/G | 3.88±0.60a | 3.59±0.38ab | 3.41±0.49b | 3.72±0.53ab | 0.044 |
| 腹泻频率Diarrhea frequency/% | 0.33±0.51 | 0.18±0.38 | 0.09±0.27 | 0.31±0.49 | 0.225 |
| 死亡率Mortality rate/% | 8.75±14.68 | 6.25±11.11 | 5.00±10.26 | 7.50±11.75 | 0.851 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 XOS对肉兔屠宰性能的影响
表3 XOS对肉兔屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of XOS on slaughter performance of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | XOS添加水平XOS supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 50 | 100 | 200 | ||
| 宰前活重 Pre-slaughter body weight/kg | 2.18±0.13 | 2.16±0.14 | 2.19±0.08 | 2.07±0.13 | 0.176 |
| 半净膛胴体重Half carcass weight/kg | 1.17±0.11 | 1.16±0.11 | 1.16±0.05 | 1.12±0.06 | 0.671 |
| 全净膛胴体重All carcass weight/kg | 1.05±0.10 | 1.03±0.10 | 1.06±0.04 | 1.01±0.05 | 0.609 |
| 半净膛屠宰率 Half eviscerated ratio/% | 53.73±5.35 | 53.55±2.90 | 53.27±2.64 | 54.40±4.78 | 0.938 |
| 全净膛屠宰率All eviscerated ratio/% | 48.24±4.58 | 47.57±2.34 | 48.33±2.58 | 49.07±3.39 | 0.818 |
2.3 XOS对肉兔养分表观消化率的影响
表4 XOS对肉兔营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of XOS on nutrient apparent digestibility of meat rabbits % |
| 项目 Items | XOS添加水平XOS supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 50 | 100 | 200 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 80.95±2.88c | 83.85±1.87ab | 85.69±2.84a | 83.26±3.39b | 0.002 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 87.10±2.05b | 88.50±3.31ab | 90.63±1.66a | 89.16±2.57ab | 0.010 |
| 粗纤维CF | 13.29±3.14b | 16.26±2.71a | 16.95±2.47a | 15.96±2.88a | 0.015 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 31.70±3.71b | 32.61±2.13b | 34.16±4.42ab | 36.60±4.51a | 0.025 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 18.79±3.37b | 20.78±4.84b | 24.02±4.11a | 24.81±3.06a | 0.001 |
| 干物质DM | 49.23±4.34b | 53.20±4.06a | 54.40±4.46a | 51.13±2.44ab | 0.010 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 35.01±5.16 | 36.49±4.37 | 38.60±8.12 | 39.65±7.66 | 0.310 |
2.4 XOS对肉兔血清生化指标的影响
表5 XOS对肉兔血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of XOS on serum biochemical indices of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | XOS添加水平XOS supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 50 | 100 | 200 | ||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 63.06±5.36 | 66.83±7.86 | 65.50±5.16 | 63.20±6.29 | 0.388 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 34.77±2.51b | 37.09±2.16ab | 39.12±3.59a | 37.45±4.54ab | 0.038 |
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 27.36±6.33 | 29.75±8.56 | 26.38±5.70 | 25.75±6.02 | 0.494 |
| 白球比A/G | 1.45±0.42 | 1.45±0.30 | 1.62±0.32 | 1.61±0.54 | 0.641 |
2.5 XOS对肉兔血清免疫指标的影响
表6 XOS对肉兔血清免疫指标的影响Table 6 Effects of XOS on serum immune indices of meat rabbitsμg/mL |
| 项目 Items | XOS添加水平XOS supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 50 | 100 | 200 | ||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 29.81±4.31 | 31.39±2.62 | 33.50±1.59 | 29.43±8.71 | 0.278 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 27.73±5.94b | 34.20±6.50a | 37.36±4.79a | 39.16±8.66a | 0.003 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 9.34±2.47b | 11.85±2.91a | 12.81±1.74a | 11.84±3.00a | 0.040 |
2.6 XOS对肉兔血清抗氧化指标的影响
表7 XOS对肉兔血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of XOS on serum antioxidant indices of meat rabbits |
| 项目 Items | XOS添加水平XOS supplemental levels/(mg/kg) | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 50 | 100 | 200 | ||
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 262.74±18.60 | 266.68±19.10 | 279.35±31.57 | 265.20±65.41 | 0.724 |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 8.94±0.46b | 9.35±0.35a | 9.55±0.37a | 9.30±0.45a | 0.008 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 4.03±0.28a | 3.70±0.62ab | 3.49±0.33b | 3.77±0.28ab | 0.033 |

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