1 材料与方法
1.1 试验时间和地点
1.2 试验设计和饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 花生秸粉 Peanut straw powder | 32.0 |
| 玉米 Corn | 39.0 |
| 豆粕 Soybean | 9.0 |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal | 3.0 |
| 米糠 Rice bran | 5.0 |
| 麸皮 Wheat bran | 4.3 |
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物 Corn DDGS | 3.0 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 3.0 |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
| 小苏打 NaHCO3 | 1.0 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 0.7 |
| 合计 Total | 100.0 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 13.14 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 4.41 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 8.01 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 29.68 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 17.49 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.87 |
| 磷 P | 0.47 |
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.75 |
1)每千克预混料含 One kg of premix contained the following:维生素A乙酸酯 vitamin A acetate 75 000~181 000 IU,VD3 10 500~25 400 IU,DL-α-生育酚乙酸酯 DL-α-tocopherol acetate ≥900 mg,Cu 115~330 mg,Mn 850~2 400 mg,Zn 900~2 600 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 检测指标与方法
1.3.1 RPGAA制备及效果评价
1.3.2 生长性能指标测定
1.3.3 屠宰性能指标测定
1.3.4 肌肉品质指标测定
1.3.5 肌肉常规营养成分测定
1.3.6 血清生化指标检测
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 RPGAA包被效果评价
2.2 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊生长性能的影响
表2 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of RPGAA on growth performance of Hu sheep during late fattening period |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | L | H | ||
| 体重 BW/kg | 第1天 Day 1 | 38.24±1.43 | 37.17±1.45 | 39.37±1.33 |
| 第20天 Day 20 | 43.09±1.36 | 43.81±1.60 | 44.71±1.56 | |
| 第40天 Day 40 | 48.80±1.37 | 50.19±1.52 | 51.06±1.60 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/g | 第1~20天 Days 1 to 20 | 242.95±25.87b | 331.88±18.39a | 267.22±24.99ab |
| 第21~40天 Days 21 to 40 | 285.05±15.42 | 318.75±25.54 | 317.22±16.48 | |
| 第1~40天 Days 1 to 40 | 264.00±14.23Bb | 325.31±14.26Aa | 292.22±15.32ABab | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 第21~40天 Days 21 to 40 | 2 126.00±21.21 | 2 223.00±98.54 | 2 412.00±81.66 |
| 料重比 F/G | 第21~40天 Days 21 to 40 | 6.65±0.07 | 6.22±0.28 | 6.78±0.23 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as |
2.3 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊屠宰性能的影响
表3 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of RPGAA on slaughter performance of Hu sheep during late fattening period |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | L | H | |
| 宰前活重 Live weight before slaughter/kg | 47.00±1.50 | 46.50±0.46 | 47.00±2.10 |
| 胴体重 Carcass weight/kg | 24.18±1.32 | 24.15±0.61 | 24.65±1.91 |
| 屠宰率 Dressing percentage/% | 51.33±1.24 | 51.93±1.17 | 52.22±1.74 |
| GR值 GR value/mm | 6.39±0.54 | 5.42±0.49 | 5.66±0.22 |
| 眼肌面积 Eye muscle area/cm2 | 11.19±0.56 | 12.13±0.81 | 11.97±1.31 |
| 背膘厚 Back fat depth/mm | 5.62±0.51 | 4.26±0.50 | 4.77±0.63 |
| 器官指数 Organ indexes/(g/kg) | |||
| 瘤胃指数 Rumen index | 16.84±0.32 | 15.69±0.41 | 15.66±0.92 |
| 睾丸指数 Testis index | 9.08±0.29 | 8.77±0.68 | 7.97±0.61 |
| 肾脏指数 Kidney index | 2.43±0.13 | 2.64±0.24 | 2.45±0.06 |
| 脂肪沉积指标 Fat deposition indexes/% | |||
| 腹脂/胴体重 abdominal fat/carcass weight | 3.02±0.58 | 2.78±0.59 | 2.41±0.39 |
| 尾脂/胴体重 Tail fat/carcass weight | 2.73±0.34 | 3.59±0.31 | 3.64±0.39 |
| 肾脂/胴体重 Leaf fat/carcass weight | 1.03±0.24 | 1.02±0.16 | 0.99±0.26 |
2.4 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊肌肉品质的影响
表4 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊肌肉品质的影响Table 4 Effects of RPGAA on muscle quality of Hu sheep during late fattening period |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | L | H | |
| 背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi | |||
| pH45 min | 6.14±0.14 | 6.40±0.14 | 6.41±0.12 |
| 45 min亮度 | 32.00±0.69 | 31.20±1.34 | 31.20±1.56 |
| 45 min红度 | 12.50±4.30 | 13.75±3.16 | 15.80±3.58 |
| 45 min黄度 | 14.93±1.92 | 13.78±0.61 | 13.95±0.54 |
| 24 h亮度 | 9.92±0.28 | 8.10±0.60 | 9.52±0.60 |
| 24 h红度 | 2.17±0.33 | 4.35±1.42 | 4.05±1.72 |
| 24 h黄度 | 14.65±0.29 | 13.07±0.62 | 14.67±0.75 |
| 剪切力 Shear force/N | 49.73±2.29 | 47.48±1.72 | 44.69±2.53 |
| 失水率 Rate of water loss/% | 23.76±1.23 | 22.22±1.43 | 22.85±1.91 |
| 熟肉率 Cooked meat rate/% | 51.45±0.54b | 53.93±0.50a | 53.26±0.60a |
| 半腱肌 Semitendinosus | |||
| pH45 min | 5.91±0.10 | 6.17±0.10 | 6.23±0.08 |
| 45 min亮度 | 33.13±1.40 | 32.23±1.25 | 30.65±1.67 |
| 45 min红度 | 17.80±2.84 | 15.00±2.11 | 18.07±0.74 |
| 45 min黄度 | 17.03±1.17 | 13.88±0.39 | 14.83±0.76 |
| 24 h亮度 | 10.30±0.82 | 10.70±0.83 | 11.07±1.08 |
| 24 h红度 | 3.10±1.24 | 5.13±1.34 | 2.97±0.24 |
| 24 h黄度 | 13.60±0.90 | 12.90±0.70 | 13.93±0.79 |
2.5 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊肌肉常规营养成分的影响
表5 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊肌肉常规营养成分的影响Table 5 Effects of RPGAA on muscle routine nutrients of Hu sheep during late fattening period% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | L | H | |
| 背最长肌 Longissimus dorsi | |||
| 水分 Moisture | 74.93±0.06 | 74.72±0.22 | 74.68±0.09 |
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 19.75±0.11Bb | 20.17±0.08Aa | 20.35±0.09Aa |
| 肌内脂肪 Intramuscular fat | 3.19±0.07Aa | 2.60±0.16Bb | 2.82±0.08ABb |
| 半腱肌 Semitendinosus | |||
| 水分 Moisture | 75.51±0.26 | 76.10±0.44 | 75.88±0.15 |
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 19.29±0.23b | 19.87±0.25ab | 20.16±0.17a |
| 肌内脂肪 Intramuscular fat | 2.65±0.12Aa | 2.00±0.07Bb | 2.27±0.10ABb |
2.6 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊血清生化指标的影响
表6 RPGAA对育肥后期湖羊血清生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of RPGAA on serum biochemical indexes of Hu sheep during late fattening period |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | L | H | |
| 第1天 Day 1 | |||
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/dL) | 2.78±0.14 | 2.93±0.15 | 3.00±0.10 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) | 392.50±64.72↑ | 348.00±66.11 | 226.75±20.74 |
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 21.00±1.87 | 23.00±2.74 | 19.25±1.65 |
| 淀粉酶 AMY/(U/L) | 24.75±4.77 | 21.25±9.59 | 24.50±6.20 |
| 总胆红素 TBIL/(mg/dL) | 0.20±0.00 | 0.20±0.00 | 0.20±0.03 |
| 尿素氮 UN/(mg/dL) | 13.50±1.04 | 13.75±0.85 | 15.50±1.50 |
| 钙 Ca/(mg/dL) | 9.65±0.22 | 9.85±0.10 | 9.95±0.23 |
| 肌酐 CRE/(mg/dL) | 0.78±0.09 | 0.70±0.11 | 0.75±0.03 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mg/gL) | 58.00±6.10 | 58.25±5.31 | 58.00±4.06 |
| 钠离子 Na+/(mmol/L) | 148.50±0.87 | 148.00±1.78 | 146.00±0.80 |
| 钾离子 K+/(mmol/L) | 7.13±0.20 | 7.03±0.22 | 6.78±0.25 |
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/dL) | 6.30±0.14 | 6.60±0.20 | 6.88±0.55 |
| 球蛋白 GLOB/(g/dL) | 3.53±0.10 | 3.68±0.17 | 3.85±0.43 |
| 第40天 Day 40 | |||
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/dL) | 3.38±0.08 | 3.43±0.09 | 3.35±0.09 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) | 482.25±36.95↑ | 514.75±30.64↑ | 327.00±21.58 |
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 21.25±1.49 | 23.75±2.93 | 18.75±1.25 |
| 淀粉酶 AMY/(U/L) | 21.33±5.55 | 12.00±0.41 | 21.00±3.44 |
| 总胆红素 TBIL/(mg/dL) | 0.23±0.03 | 0.23±0.03 | 0.17±0.03 |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
| 对照 Control | L | H | |
| 尿素氮 UN/(mg/dL) | 18.25±0.95 | 19.75±1.25 | 20.50±1.85 |
| 钙 Ca/(mg/dL) | 10.15±0.12 | 9.85±0.27 | 10.43±0.37 |
| 肌酐 CRE/(mg/dL) | 0.50±0.06 | 0.60±0.04 | 0.53±0.17 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mg/gL) | 58.00±2.68 | 58.00±1.00 | 64.67±1.67 |
| 钠离子 Na+/(mmol/L) | 147.00±1.08 | 144.50±1.50 | 145.00±0.82 |
| 钾离子 K+/(mmol/L) | 6.35±0.19 | 6.58±0.17 | 6.33±0.25 |
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/dL) | 6.50±0.17 | 6.48±0.05 | 6.53±0.16 |
| 球蛋白 GLOB/(g/dL) | 3.08±0.15 | 3.05±0.09 | 3.12±0.12 |
“↑”表示高出正常范围。 | |
“↑”indicated higher than normal range. |

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