1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 全株饲料桑与玉米秸秆的营养成分含量(干物质基础)Table 1 Nutrient contents of whole-plant mulberry and corn stover (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 全株饲料桑 Whole-plant mulberry | 玉米秸秆 Corn stover |
|---|---|---|
| 干物质 DM | 90.87 | 92.45 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 14.72 | 4.15 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 10.04 | 9.83 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 3.44 | 2.13 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 61.79 | 63.68 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 32.11 | 36.34 |
表中数据均为实测值。 | |
Data in the table were measured values. |
表2 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CON | MUL4 | MUL8 | |
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 玉米秸秆 Corn stover | 20.00 | 16.00 | 12.00 |
| 全株饲料桑 Mulberry | 4.00 | 8.00 | |
| 玉米皮 Corn bran | 13.00 | 14.20 | 15.40 |
| 玉米 Corn | 35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00 |
| 玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 7.00 | 7.00 | 6.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 7.70 | 6.50 | 6.30 |
| 糖蜜 Molasses | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
| 碳酸氢钠 NaHCO3 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
| 预混料 Permix1) | 3.40 | 3.40 | 3.40 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 8.46 | 8.64 | 8.71 |
| 干物质 DM | 88.85 | 86.82 | 88.11 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 16.88 | 17.13 | 16.90 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 2.51 | 2.49 | 2.57 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 46.76 | 46.53 | 45.78 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 20.37 | 20.61 | 19.43 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.87 |
| 磷 P | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.26 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets:Fe 25 mg,Mn 40 mg,Zn 40 mg,Cu 8 mg,I 0.3 mg,Se 0.2 mg,Co 0.1 mg,VA 940 IU,VD 111 IU,VE 20 IU。 2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 指标测定及方法
1.3.1 屠宰性能的测定
1.3.2 瘤胃组织形态的测定
1.3.3 肌肉品质的测定
1.3.4 肌肉质构特性的测定
1.3.5 瘤胃微生物组成的测定
表3 分析瘤胃微生物所用PCR引物Table 3 PCR primers used to analyze rumen microorganisms |
| 项目 Items | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5'—3') | 参考文献 References |
|---|---|---|
| 产琥珀酸丝状杆菌 Fibrobacter succinogenes | F:GGTATGGGATGAGCTTGC R:GCCTGCCCCTGAACTATC | Tajima等[14] |
| 溶纤维丁酸弧菌 Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | F:GCCTCAGCGTCAGTAATCG R:GGAGCGTAGGCGGTTTTAC | Denman等[15] |
| 白色瘤胃球菌 Ruminococcus albus | F:CCCTAAAAGCAGTCTTAGTTCG R:CCTCCTTGCGGTTAGAAC | Koike等[16] |
| 黄色瘤胃球菌 Ruminococcus flavefaciens | F:CGAACGGAGATAATTTGAGTTTACTTAGG R:CGGTCTCTGTATGTTATGAGGTATTACC | Denman等[15] |
| 反刍月形单胞菌 Selenomonas rumiinantium | F:CAATAAGCATTCCGCCTGGG R:TTCACTCAATGTCAAGCCCTGG | Stevenson等[17] |
| 短普雷沃氏菌 Prevotella brevis | F:GGTTCTGAGAGGAAGGTCCCC R:TCCTGCACGCTACTTGGCTG | Stevenson等[17] |
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊屠宰性能的影响
表4 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of diets with different proportions of whole-plant mulberry on slaughter performance of fattening Hu sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | 线性P值 P-value of linear | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | MUL4 | MUL8 | |||
| 宰前活重 Live body weight/kg | 40.69±2.49 | 40.08±3.28 | 41.64±2.90 | 0.46 | 0.359 |
| 胴体重 Carcass weight/kg | 21.74±1.38 | 21.48±1.93 | 22.32±1.38 | 0.23 | 0.350 |
| 屠宰率 Dressing rate/% | 53.99±1.82 | 53.57±1.43 | 53.69±2.40 | 0.29 | 0.856 |
| 肝脏重 Liver weight/g | 749.79±85.05 | 774.93±103.97 | 819.83±105.37 | 15.64 | 0.188 |
| 脾脏重 Spleen weight/g | 54.39±9.60 | 55.07±7.04 | 57.40±10.78 | 1.36 | 0.650 |
| 眼肌面积 Loin eye area/cm2 | 9.32±1.66 | 10.72±1.87 | 10.07±1.96 | 0.28 | 0.135 |
| GR值 GR value/mm | 6.64±0.74b | 6.85±0.67ab | 9.13±0.86a | 0.41 | 0.018 |
| 肌内脂肪含量 Intramuscular fat content/% | 2.48±0.61 | 3.01±1.06 | 2.89±0.96 | 0.15 | 0.290 |
| 瘤胃重 Rumen weight/kg | 0.93±0.09b | 0.91±0.28b | 1.04±0.19a | 0.03 | 0.039 |
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊肌肉品质的影响
表5 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊肌肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of diets with different proportions of whole-plant mulberry on muscle quality of fattening Hu sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | 线性P值 P-value of linear | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | MUL4 | MUL8 | ||||
| pH45 min | 6.33±0.16a | 6.25±0.15ab | 6.18±0.16b | 0.02 | 0.055 | |
| pH24 h | 5.45±0.29 | 5.35±0.28 | 5.32±0.34 | 0.08 | 0.501 | |
| 滴水损失 Drip loss/% | 1.97±0.25 | 2.15±0.19 | 1.93±0.21 | 0.16 | 0.847 | |
| 剪切力 Shearing force/N | 80.09±9.47 | 76.95±13.34 | 76.09±13.76 | 1.83 | 0.650 | |
| 失水率 Water loss rate/% | 24.51±3.47 | 23.35±5.17 | 22.36±3.60 | 0.62 | 0.375 | |
| 蒸煮损失 Cooked loss/% | 41.29±2.54 | 40.93±1.35 | 40.80±3.04 | 0.37 | 0.856 | |
| 亮度 | 45 min | 34.41±1.75 | 35.36±1.74 | 33.94±1.77 | 0.27 | 0.091 |
| L* | 24 h | 31.80±2.49 | 30.64±1.47 | 30.28±2.12 | 0.32 | 0.124 |
| 红度 | 45 min | 18.21±1.29b | 18.95±1.12ab | 19.44±0.67a | 0.17 | 0.010 |
| a* | 24 h | 17.52±0.85b | 18.13±1.27ab | 18.34±1.18a | 0.17 | 0.034 |
| 黄度 | 45 min | 3.66±0.64 | 3.77±0.66 | 3.52±0.64 | 0.09 | 0.639 |
| b* | 24 h | 7.63±1.15 | 7.12±1.48 | 6.74±1.24 | 0.20 | 0.184 |
2.3 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊肌肉质构特性的影响
表6 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊肌肉质构特性的影响Table 6 Effects of diets with different proportions of whole-plant mulberry on muscle texture characteristics of fattening Hu sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | 线性P值 P-value of linear | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | MUL4 | MUL8 | |||
| 挤压硬度 Extrusion hardness/N | 16.65±5.51a | 15.03±5.63ab | 12.22±3.31b | 0.77 | 0.049 |
| 穿刺力 Puncture force/N | 186.75±17.35a | 167.05±16.59b | 165.72±18.87b | 6.97 | 0.044 |
| 内聚性 Cohesiveness/N | 0.49±0.04 | 0.48±0.04 | 0.48±0.05 | 0.01 | 0.788 |
| 弹性 Springiness/mm | 2.00±0.29a | 2.01±0.27a | 1.74±0.29b | 0.05 | 0.019 |
| 胶黏性 Gumminess/N | 20.76±8.71 | 22.00±11.92 | 17.30±8.26 | 1.45 | 0.402 |
| 咀嚼性 Chewiness/mJ | 33.99±19.22 | 37.35±23.98 | 25.92±14.39 | 2.94 | 0.071 |
2.4 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊瘤胃组织形态的影响
表7 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊瘤胃组织形态的影响Table 7 Effects of diets with different proportions of whole-plant mulberry on rumen tissue morphology of fattening Hu sheepμm |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | 线性P值 P-value of linear | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | MUL4 | MUL8 | |||
| 背囊 Dorsal sac | |||||
| 肌层厚度 Muscle layer thickness | 1 466.91±86.28b | 1 615.83±107.58b | 1 895.36±52.36a | 67.43 | 0.002 |
| 乳头长度 Papillae length | 2 697.93±71.95b | 3 092.38±211.89a | 2 994.92±53.35a | 70.61 | 0.026 |
| 乳头宽度 Papillae width | 317.62±87.45 | 310.29±0.82 | 328.59±71.23 | 19.07 | 0.943 |
| 腹囊 Ventral sac | |||||
| 肌层厚度 Muscle layer thickness | 1 341.50±380.54 | 1 447.44±401.80 | 1 684.56±343.92 | 119.84 | 0.553 |
| 乳头长度 Papillae length | 1 371.46±253.93 | 1 538.79±415.48 | 1 675.55±523.82 | 127.05 | 0.682 |
| 乳头宽度 Papillae width | 324.74±43.57 | 363.48±23.78 | 373.25±12.91 | 11.31 | 0.186 |
2.5 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊瘤胃微生物组成的影响
表8 饲粮中不同比例全株饲料桑对育肥湖羊瘤胃微生物组成的影响Table 8 Effects of diets with different proportions of whole-plant mulberry on rumen microbial composition of fattening Hu sheeplg(16S rRNA拷贝数/g瘤胃内容物) |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | 线性P值 P-value of linear | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | MUL4 | MUL8 | |||
| 产琥珀酸丝状杆菌 Fibrobacter succinogenes | 9.73±0.34a | 9.40±0.33c | 9.08±0.16b | 0.09 | <0.001 |
| 溶纤维丁酸弧菌 Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | 9.98±0.28a | 9.59±0.26b | 9.67±0.37b | 0.05 | 0.004 |
| 黄色瘤胃球菌 Ruminococcus flavefaciens | 8.15±0.81 | 7.51±1.01 | 8.24±1.14 | 0.16 | 0.124 |
| 白色瘤胃球菌 Ruminococcus albus | 9.44±0.30a | 9.38±0.51a | 8.87±0.11b | 0.07 | <0.001 |
| 反刍月形单胞菌 Selenomonas rumiinantium | 9.75±0.61b | 9.66±0.49b | 10.28±0.33a | 0.08 | 0.004 |
| 短普雷沃氏菌 Prevotella brevis | 11.18±0.26a | 10.75±0.20b | 11.08±0.36a | 0.05 | <0.001 |

京公网安备 11010802041926号