1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物及试验饲料
表1 试验饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 原料 Ingredients | |||||
| 鱼粉 Fish meal | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| 酪蛋白 Casein | 22.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 |
| α-淀粉 α-starch | 45.0 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 45.0 |
| 鱼油 Fish oil | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| 豆油 Soybean oil | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 磷脂 Soybean lecithin | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 维生素预混料 Vitamin premix1) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| 矿物质预混料 Mineral premix2) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| 胆碱 Choline | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| 磷酸二氢钙 Ca(H2PO4)2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| 苯丙氨酸 Phe | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| 合计 Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels3) | |||||
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 30.66 | 30.87 | 30.57 | 30.71 | 30.77 |
| 粗脂肪 Crude lipid | 6.01 | 6.03 | 6.00 | 6.04 | 6.01 |
| 无氮浸出物 NFE | 45.37 | 45.32 | 45.37 | 45.38 | 45.41 |
| 水分 Moisture | 11.90 | 11.74 | 11.89 | 12.07 | 12.11 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 3.15 | 3.17 | 3.14 | 3.14 | 3.17 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲料提供 Vitamin premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 8 000 IU,VE 70 mg,VB1 18 mg,VB2 35 mg,VB6 18 mg,泛酸 pantothenate acid 60 mg,VB12 0.6 mg,VC 500 mg,VD3 2 000 IU,VK 7 mg,烟酸 niacin 200 mg,生物素 biotin 2.5 mg,叶酸 folic acid 6 mg,肌醇 inositol 1 000 mg。 2) 矿物质预混料为每千克饲料提供 Mineral premix provided the following per kg of diets:Zn 65 mg,Fe 75 mg,Cu 3.5 mg,Mn 16 mg,I 0.65 mg,Co 0.1 mg,Se 0.1 mg。 3) 营养水平为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.2 试验设计与饲养管理
1.3 指标测定
1.3.1 生长性能测定
1.3.2 体成分测定
1.3.3 血清生化指标测定
1.3.4 肠道健康指标测定
1.3.4.1 肠道消化酶和抗氧化酶活性测定
1.3.4.2 肠道免疫基因表达测定
表2 免疫相关基因引物Table 2 Primers of immune-related genes |
| 基因名称 Gene names | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5'—3') | 登录号 Accession number |
|---|---|---|
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | F:AAGTCTCAGAACAATCAGGAA R:TGCCTTGGAAGTGACATT | AJ311800 |
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β | F:AACTTCACACTTGAGGAT R:GACAGAACAATAACAACAAC | KC008576 |
| 白细胞介素-8 IL-8 | F:AAACTGAGAGTCGACGCATTG R:TTTTCAATGACCTTCTTAACCCAG | EU011243.1 |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10 | F:GCCAGCATAAAGAACTCG R:CCAAATACTGCTCGATGT | JX524551.1 |
| 转化生长因子-β2 TGF-β2 | F:GGGACATCATCGCCATCT R:TGACATTCTCGGCAGGGT | U66874.1 |
| β-肌动蛋白 β-actin | F:GGCAGGTCATCACCATCGG R:TTGGCATACAGGTCTTTACGG | JQ619774.1 |
1.4 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤生长性能和血清生化指标的影响
表3 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of different probiotics in high carbohydrate diet on growth performance of Songpu mirror carp |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 初重 IBW/g | 1.52±0.03 | 1.51±0.01 | 1.52±0.01 | 1.51±0.01 | 1.52±0.02 |
| 末重 FBW/g | 5.83±0.14a | 6.14±0.12ab | 6.39±0.05b | 6.32±0.05b | 6.37±0.15b |
| 增重率 WGR/% | 290.76±26.13a | 286.31±9.02a | 323.41±5.11b | 318.18±3.84b | 322.11±10.45b |
| 饲料系数 FCR | 1.41±0.11b | 1.47±0.08b | 1.20±0.05a | 1.19±0.01a | 1.39±0.03ab |
| 肥满度 CF/(g/cm3) | 3.09±0.41 | 2.96±0.19 | 3.11±0.44 | 2.95±0.31 | 3.25±0.56 |
| 脏体指数 VSI/% | 12.92±1.85ab | 11.70±2.96ab | 13.64±2.18b | 11.75±2.54ab | 11.12±2.29a |
| 肠体指数 ISI/% | 4.21±0.87ab | 3.86±1.06a | 4.96±1.19b | 4.51±0.80ab | 4.70±0.93ab |
| 肝体指数 HSI/% | 7.90±2.02ab | 5.55±1.80a | 9.26±2.44b | 6.51±3.00a | 6.20±2.87a |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
表4 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of different probiotics in high carbohydrate diet on serum biochemical indices of Songpu mirror carpmmol/L |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 葡萄糖 GLU | 7.95±0.75a | 7.69±1.46a | 7.00±0.92ab | 5.41±0.83b | 6.73±1.21ab |
| 胆固醇 CHOL | 4.74±0.40 | 4.31±0.43 | 5.75±1.11 | 4.40±0.30 | 4.68±1.07 |
| 甘油三酯 TG | 8.01±0.84 | 8.62±0.20 | 8.46±0.57 | 8.14±0.63 | 7.52±0.51 |
2.2 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤体成分的影响
表5 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤体成分的影响Table 5 Effects of different probiotics in high carbohydrate diet on composition of whole body of Songpu mirror carp% |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 水分 Moisture | 71.06±0.79a | 71.47±0.53ab | 70.88±0.65a | 71.54±0.62ab | 72.65±0.53b |
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein | 12.48±0.29ab | 12.75±0.83b | 14.10±0.13c | 12.13±0.23ab | 11.68±0.39a |
| 粗脂肪 Crude lipid | 12.79±0.47b | 11.63±0.46ab | 12.18±1.00b | 11.70±0.17ab | 10.54±1.06a |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 2.94±0.08 | 2.73±0.45 | 3.00±0.19 | 3.12±0.17 | 2.71±0.35 |
2.3 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤肠道消化酶活性的影响
表6 高糖饲料中添加益生菌对松浦镜鲤肠道消化酶活性的影响Table 6 Effects of different probiotics in high carbohydrate diet on intestinal digestive enzyme activities of Songpu mirror carp |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 淀粉酶 Amylase/(U/g prot) | 24.95±1.46a | 40.70±3.27bc | 50.28±7.14c | 45.40±5.02bc | 34.78±1.49ab |
| 胰蛋白酶 Trypsin/(U/mg prot) | 4 598.76±359.87a | 4 695.58±145.72a | 5 830.94±127.65b | 4 155.91±263.35a | 4 525.36±669.26a |
| 脂肪酶 Lipase/(U/g prot) | 5.52±0.43a | 8.07±1.66a | 12.08±1.99b | 6.59±0.12a | 5.68±0.54a |
2.4 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤肠道抗氧化酶活性的影响
表7 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤肠道抗氧化酶活性的影响Table 7 Effects of different probiotics in high carbohydrate diet on intestinal antioxidant enzyme activities of Songpu mirror carp |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G0 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 83.78±1.08c | 69.47±6.23b | 57.61±7.07b | 39.93±4.32a | 57.86±9.27b |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 0.12±0.02a | 0.47±0.06b | 0.27±0.06b | 0.67±0.06c | 0.38±0.05b |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 23.06±0.75a | 25.76±0.19b | 28.39±1.19c | 26.61±2.43b | 26.41±1.92b |
| 碱性磷酸酶 AKP/(金氏单位/g prot) | 576.41±39.20a | 869.53±98.89c | 664.04±27.41ab | 819.26±95.02bc | 910.85±48.92c |
| 一氧化氮 NO/(μmol/g prot) | 0.55±0.12a | 0.68±0.29a | 1.31±0.17b | 1.79±0.13c | 1.55±0.19bc |
| 总一氧化氮合成酶 T-NOS/(U/mg prot) | 2.64±0.03a | 3.01±0.27ab | 2.62±0.01a | 3.37±0.24b | 3.56±0.56b |
2.5 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤肠道免疫基因相对表达量的影响
图1 高糖饲料中添加不同益生菌对松浦镜鲤肠道免疫基因相对表达量的影响数据柱形标注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig.1 Effects of different probiotics in high carbohydrate diet on relative expression levels of intestinal immune-related genes of Songpu mirror carp Value columns with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). |

京公网安备 11010802041926号