1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 薯渣、菜籽粕和棉籽粕的营养成分含量(干物质基础)Table 1 Nutrient contents of potato dregs, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 粗蛋白质 CP | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 淀粉 Starch | 粗灰分 Ash |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 薯渣 Potato dregs | 8.21 | 22.30 | 17.53 | 24.36 | 4.05 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 51.59 | 35.23 | 22.05 | 6.08 | 6.86 |
| 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 41.38 | 26.54 | 18.80 | 12.12 | 6.74 |
1.2 试验设计
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 营养成分含量的测定
1.3.2 发酵品质测定
1.3.2.1 pH测定
1.3.2.2 AN含量测定
1.3.2.3 有机酸含量测定
1.3.2.4 有氧稳定性测定
1.3.2.5 营养物质瘤胃降解率测定
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | |
| 玉米 Corn | 29.20 |
| 麸皮 Wheat bran | 5.00 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 3.50 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 4.20 |
| 干酒糟及其可溶物 DDGS | 6.00 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 0.60 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.30 |
| 小苏打 NaHCO3 | 0.80 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.40 |
| 玉米秸秆青贮 Corn straw silage | 50.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |
| 综合净能 NEmf/(MJ/kg) | 6.65 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 13.00 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 38.40 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 17.11 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.60 |
| 磷 P | 0.40 |
1)预混料为市售成品预混料。Premix was commercial premix which purchased from the market. 2)综合净能为计算值,其余均为实测值。NEmf was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同含水量及原料组合对薯渣混贮饲料营养品质的影响
表3 不同含水量及原料组合对薯渣混贮饲料营养品质的影响(干物质基础)Table 3 Effects of different moisture contents and raw material combinations on nutritional quality of potato dregs mixed silage (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗蛋白质 CP | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 淀粉 Starch | 粗灰分 Ash | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 含水量 Water content/% | 原料组合 Raw material combination | |||||||
| SM | 52.41±0.16Bb | 43.78±0.30Aa | 33.88±0.65ABab | 25.23±0.67Bb | 12.70±0.79BCcd | 6.15±0.28Cd | ||
| 45 | SC | 52.25±0.21Bb | 41.67±0.26BCd | 23.82±0.17Ed | 23.04±0.30Dd | 16.05±0.45Aa | 6.59±0.17ABab | |
| SCM | 55.79±0.30Aa | 43.12±0.51Ab | 27.62±0.34CDc | 23.96±0.25CDc | 13.46±0.12Bc | 6.55±0.10ABc | ||
| SM | 49.25±0.07Cc | 43.71±0.69Aa | 34.46±1.15ABa | 26.65±0.11Aa | 12.52±0.36BCd | 6.22±0.21Cd | ||
| 50 | SC | 47.41±0.18Dd | 40.46±0.30De | 25.09±2.65DEd | 23.55±1.11Dcd | 15.46±0.56Aab | 6.60±0.11ABab | |
| SCM | 49.62±0.44Cc | 42.38±0.29Bc | 28.30±2.22Cc | 24.01±0.04CDc | 13.06±0.28BCdc | 6.56±0.08ABc | ||
| SM | 44.75±0.23Ff | 42.29±0.17Bc | 35.30±2.15Aa | 26.93±0.15Aa | 12.19±0.15Cd | 6.33±0.13BCd | ||
| 55 | SC | 44.04±0.35Gg | 40.18±0.39De | 27.51±1.24CDc | 23.66±0.58Dcd | 15.13±1.04Ab | 6.80±0.06Aa | |
| SCM | 46.65±0.50Ee | 41.36±0.16Cd | 31.97±0.32Bb | 24.91±0.40BCb | 12.98±0.46BCcd | 6.56±0.03ABc | ||
| 方差分析P值 P-value of ANOVA | ||||||||
| 含水量 Water content | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
| 原料组合 Raw material combination | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.67 | <0.01 | 0.10 | 0.70 | ||
| 含水量×原料组合 Water content×raw material combination | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.10 | ||
SM:薯渣+棉籽粕;SC:薯渣+菜籽粕;SCM:薯渣+菜籽粕+棉籽粕。同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
SM: potato dregs+cottonseed meal; SC: potato dregs+rapeseed meal; SCM: potato dregs+rapeseed meal+cottonseed meal. Values with different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with different uppercase letters mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 不同含水量及原料组合对薯渣混贮饲料发酵品质的影响
表4 不同含水量及原料组合对薯渣混贮饲料发酵品质的影响Table 4 Effects of different moisture contents and raw material combinations on fermentation quality of potato dregs mixed silage |
| 项目 Items | pH | 氨态氮占总 氮的比例 AN/TN/% | 有机酸 Organic acids/% DM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乳酸 LA | 乙酸 AA | 丙酸 PA | 丁酸 BA | ||||
| 含水量 Water content/% | 原料组合 Raw material combination | ||||||
| SM | 4.54±0.01Aa | 1.78±0.09DEd | 2.05±0.04DEFcd | 0.53±0.01Bb | 0.41±0.05ABab | ND | |
| 45 | SC | 4.10±0.01Ef | 1.19±0.05Gf | 2.87±0.21Aa | 0.57±0.03ABab | 0.35±0.13ABbc | ND |
| SCM | 4.16±0.00Dd | 1.63±0.11Fe | 2.29±0.05BCDc | 0.56±0.03ABb | 0.35±0.03ABbc | ND | |
| SM | 4.54±0.01Aa | 2.19±0.08Bb | 2.01±0.07EFcd | 0.53±0.01Bb | 0.45±0.03Aa | ND | |
| 50 | SC | 4.13±0.01DEe | 1.70±0.04EFde | 2.51±0.25Bb | 0.61±0.07Aa | 0.39±0.02ABbc | ND |
| SCM | 4.23±0.01Cc | 1.88±0.06CDc | 2.24±0.03CDEc | 0.57±0.02ABab | 0.36±0.02ABabc | ND | |
| SM | 4.56±0.02Aa | 2.34±0.01Aa | 1.90±0.08Fd | 0.53±0.02Bb | 0.33±0.01Bc | ND | |
| 55 | SC | 4.27±0.01Bb | 1.96±0.02Cc | 2.35±0.04BCbc | 0.55±0.01ABb | 0.35±0.01ABbc | ND |
| SCM | 4.27±0.04Bb | 2.11±0.04Bb | 2.22±0.03CDEc | 0.53±0.02Bb | 0.32±0.02Bc | ND | |
| 方差分析P值 P-value of ANOVA | |||||||
| 含水量 Water content | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | ||
| 原料组合 Raw material combination | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | ||
| 含水量×原料组合 Water content×raw material combination | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.15 | 0.29 | ||
“ND”表示未检测到。 | |
“ND” indicates that it is not detected. |
2.3 不同含水量及原料组合对薯渣混贮饲料有氧稳定性的影响
图1 不同含水量及原料组合薯渣混贮饲料暴露在空气中的有氧稳定性SM:薯渣+棉籽粕;SC:薯渣+菜籽粕;SCM:薯渣+菜籽粕+棉籽粕。数据柱未标注字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 Fig.1 Aerobic stability of potato dregs mixed silage with different moisture contents and raw material combinations exposed to air SM: potato dregs+cottonseed meal; SC: potato dregs+rapeseed meal; SCM: potato dregs+rapeseed meal+cottonseed meal. No letters were marked among data columns, which indicated that the difference was not significant (P>0.05). |
2.4 不同含水量及原料组合对薯渣混贮饲料营养物质瘤胃降解率的影响
表5 不同含水量及原料组合对薯渣混贮饲料营养物质瘤胃降解率的影响(干物质基础)Table 5 Effects of different moisture contents and raw material combinations on rumen degradation rates of nutrients in potato dregs mixed silage (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗蛋白质 CP | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 淀粉 Starch | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 含水量 Water content/% | 原料组合 Raw material combination | ||||||
| SM | 77.64±1.45Dd | 94.15±0.25ABbc | 48.24±2.06Ce | 46.35±5.12Cd | 94.55±1.42Cbc | ||
| 45 | SC | 87.49±0.05Aa | 94.73±0.35Aa | 63.09±1.58Aa | 62.87±1.72Aa | 98.43±0.29Aa | |
| SCM | 81.27±0.55Cc | 94.42±0.24ABab | 48.98±4.41Ce | 51.13±1.22BCc | 95.84±0.54BCb | ||
| SM | 76.66±0.55Dd | 93.87±0.49Bc | 47.43±4.38Ce | 48.05±0.91BCcd | 94.72±0.67Cbc | ||
| 50 | SC | 86.01±0.68Bb | 93.95±0.28Bc | 58.04±5.23ABbc | 59.09±2.39Ab | 97.93±0.50ABa | |
| SCM | 80.50±0.44Cc | 93.90±0.18Bc | 48.82±3.82Ce | 48.65±1.91BCcd | 97.55±0.58ABa | ||
| SM | 77.57±0.46Dd | 93.95±0.18Bc | 50.02±2.37Cde | 50.56±1.19BCc | 94.05±2.42Cc | ||
| 55 | SC | 86.46±0.76ABb | 94.67±0.02Aa | 60.77±0.45Aab | 58.76±2.75Ab | 98.20±0.30Aa | |
| SCM | 80.73±0.44Cc | 94.41±0.26ABab | 54.00±1.41BCcd | 51.65±0.72Bc | 98.19±0.40Aa | ||
| 方差分析P值 P-value of ANOVA | |||||||
| 含水量 Water content | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
| 原料组合 Raw material combination | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.24 | ||
| 含水量×原料组合 Water content×raw material combination | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 0.03 | ||

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