1 木薯的营养价值
表1 国内外饲料原料数据库中木薯的营养成分Table 1 Nutritional components of cassava in domestic and overseas feed ingredient databases% |
| 饲料原料数据库名称 Names of feed ingredient databases | 饲料原料名称 Names of feed ingredients | 干物质 DM | 粗蛋 白质 CP | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗纤维 CF | 无氮 浸出物 NFE | 粗灰分 Ash | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF | 淀粉 Starch | 钙 Ca | 磷 P | 有效磷 AP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2019年第30版)》 Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (30th ed, 2019)[15] | 木薯干 Cassava tuber flake | 87.0 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 79.4 | 1.9 | 8.4 | 6.4 | 71.6 | 0.27 | 0.09 | 0.03 |
| 中国猪营养需要(2020) Nutrient requirements of swine in China (2020) | 木薯粉 Cassava meal | 85.96 | 2.93 | 0.61 | 2.52 | — | 2.60 | 9.47 | 4.86 | 62.34 | 0.16 | 0.08 | — |
| 美国NRC(2012) NRC of America (2012) | 木薯粉 Cassava meal | 88.09 | 2.88 | 0.94 | 4.18 | — | 5.70 | 6.55 | 5.99 | 67.85 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
| 法国INRA(2012) INRA of France (2012) | 木薯,含淀粉67% Cassava, starch content 67% | 88.0 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 4.4 | — | 5.5 | 8.5 | 6.1 | 67.0 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
| 法国INRA(2012) INRA of France (2012) | 木薯,含淀粉72% Cassava, starch content 72% | 87.3 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 2.9 | — | 2.3 | 6.3 | 4.1 | 71.6 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
“—”表示此指标的数值在现有国内外数据库中暂未公开报道。 | |
“—”mean the value of this index has not been publicly reported in the existing databases at home and abroad. The same as |
1.1 木薯的有效能值
表2 国内外饲料原料数据库中木薯GE及生长猪木薯有效能值Table 2 Gross energy of cassava and effective energy value of growing pigs fed cassava in domestic and overseas feed ingredient databasesMJ/kg |
| 饲料原料数据库名称 Names of feed ingredient databases | 饲料原料名称 Names of feed ingredients | 总能 GE | 消化能 DE | 代谢能 ME | 净能 NE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中国猪营养需要(2020) Nutrient requirements of swine in China (2020) | 木薯粉 Cassava meal | 14.71 | 13.54 | 13.36 | 10.88 |
| 美国NRC(2012) NRC of America (2012) | 木薯粉 Cassava meal | 14.44 | 14.26 | 14.17 | 11.07 |
| 法国INRA(2012) INRA of France (2012) | 木薯,含淀粉67% Cassava, starch content 67% | 14.50 | 12.60 | 12.30 | 10.00 |
| 法国INRA(2012) INRA of France (2012) | 木薯,含淀粉72% Cassava, starch content 72% | 14.90 | 13.80 | 13.60 | 11.00 |
1.2 木薯的粗蛋白质及氨基酸含量
表3 国内外饲料原料数据库中木薯的粗蛋白质与氨基酸含量及猪对木薯氨基酸的表观回肠消化率和标准回肠消化率Table 3 Contents of CP and amino acids of cassava and AID or SID of amino acids of cassava for pigs in domestic and overseas feed ingredient databases% |
| 项目 Items | 中国猪营养需要(2020):木薯粉 Nutrient requirements of swine in China (2020): cassava meal | 美国NRC(2012):木薯粉 NRC of America (2012): cassava meal | 法国INRA(2012):木薯, 含淀粉67% INRA of France (2012): cassava, starch content 67% | 法国INRA(2012):木薯, 含淀粉72% INRA of France (2012): cassava, starch content 72% | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 含量 Content | 表观回肠 消化率 AID | 标准回肠 消化率 SID | 含量 Content | 表观回肠 消化率 AID | 标准回肠 消化率 SID | 含量 Content | 表观回肠 消化率 AID | 标准回肠 消化率 SID | 含量 Content | 表观回肠 消化率 AID | 标准回肠 消化率 SID | |||||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 2.93 | — | — | 2.88 | — | — | 2.70 | — | — | 2.50 | — | — | ||||
| 必需氨基酸 Essential amino acids | ||||||||||||||||
| 精氨酸 Arg | 0.25 | 62 | 91 | 0.18 | — | 90 | 0.12 | — | — | 0.11 | — | — | ||||
| 组氨酸 His | 0.11 | 55 | 76 | 0.08 | — | 80 | 0.12 | — | — | 0.11 | — | — | ||||
| 异亮氨酸 Ile | 0.04 | — | 29 | 0.11 | — | 81 | 0.08 | — | — | 0.08 | — | — | ||||
| 亮氨酸 Leu | 0.07 | 49 | 75 | 0.19 | — | 79 | 0.15 | — | — | 0.13 | — | — | ||||
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.07 | 32 | 64 | 0.12 | — | 71 | 0.11 | — | — | 0.10 | — | — | ||||
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.02 | 56 | 82 | 0.04 | — | 84 | 0.05 | — | — | 0.04 | — | — | ||||
| 苯丙氨酸 Phe | 0.05 | 41 | 62 | 0.15 | — | 80 | 0.10 | — | — | 0.09 | — | — | ||||
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.06 | 23 | 69 | 0.11 | — | 73 | 0.08 | — | — | 0.08 | — | — | ||||
| 色氨酸 Trp | 0.06 | — | — | 0.04 | — | 77 | 0.02 | — | — | 0.02 | — | — | ||||
| 缬氨酸 Val | 0.08 | 40 | 74 | 0.14 | — | 76 | 0.16 | — | — | 0.15 | — | — | ||||
| 非必需氨基酸 Non-essential amino acids | ||||||||||||||||
| 丙氨酸 Ala | 0.09 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.13 | — | — | 0.12 | — | — | ||||
| 天冬氨酸 Asp | 0.11 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.19 | — | — | 0.17 | — | — | ||||
| 半胱氨酸 Cys | 0.04 | 41 | 76 | 0.05 | — | 68 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| 谷氨酸 Glu | 0.49 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.33 | — | — | 0.31 | — | — | ||||
| 甘氨酸 Gly | 0.05 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.09 | — | — | 0.08 | — | — | ||||
| 脯氨酸 Pro | 0.04 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.13 | — | — | 0.12 | — | — | ||||
| 丝氨酸 Ser | 0.06 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.09 | — | — | 0.08 | — | — | ||||
| 酪氨酸 Tyr | 0.04 | 2 | 66 | 0.04 | — | 76 | 0.07 | — | — | 0.06 | — | — | ||||
1.3 木薯的碳水化合物含量
1.4 木薯的油脂和脂肪酸含量
2 木薯中的主要抗营养因子
2.1 氢氰酸
表4 木薯在不同处理条件下的氢氰酸含量Table 4 Hydrocyanic acid content of cassava under different treatment conditions[29]mg/kg |
| 项目 Items | 氢氰酸含量 Hydrocyanic acid content |
|---|---|
| 晒干去皮木薯块茎 Sundried cassava tuber without peel | 17~27 |
| 晒干整个木薯块茎 Sundried whole cassava tuber | 23~42 |
| 烘干去皮木薯块茎 Oven-dried cassava tuber without peel | 24~31 |
| 烘干整个木薯块茎Oven-dried whole cassava tuber | 52~64 |
| 新鲜去皮木薯块茎 Fresh cassava tuber without peel | 34~301 |
| 新鲜木薯块茎 Fresh cassava tuber | 88~416 |
| 晒干木薯皮 Sundried cassava peel | 264~322 |
| 新鲜木薯皮 Fresh cassava peel | 364~815 |

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