1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diet (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 1~3周 1 to 3 weeks | 4~6周 4 to 6 weeks | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 玉米 Corn | 35.60 | 36.70 |
| 小麦 Wheat | 25.00 | 25.00 |
| 膨化豆粕 Extruded soybean meal | 26.20 | 22.00 |
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 水解羽毛粉 Hydrolyzed feather meal | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.90 | 0.80 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.70 | 1.60 |
| 豆油 Soy oil | 2.50 | 6.00 |
| L-赖氨酸 L-Lys (70%) | 0.70 | 0.60 |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met | 0.25 | 0.20 |
| L-苏氨酸 L-Thr | 0.15 | 0.10 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.34 | 13.39 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 21.98 | 20.03 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.94 | 0.88 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.65 | 0.58 |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 1.41 | 1.24 |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.57 | 0.50 |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.94 | 0.82 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 8 000 IU,VD3 1 000 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 0.50 mg,VB1 2.00 mg,VB2 8.00 mg,VB6 3.50 mg,VB12 10.00 μg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 35.00 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 10.00 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.55 mg,生物素 biotin 0.18 mg,Fe 80.00 mg,Cu 8.00 mg,Mn 100.00 mg,Zn 80.00 mg,I 0.70 mg,Se 0.30 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 样品采集
1.4 检测指标
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 肝脏和血清脂类含量
1.4.3 盲肠微生物区系
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Test group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 98.84±0.80b | 103.01±0.77a | 0.004 |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 64.75±0.51b | 69.10±0.59a | 0.001 |
| 料重比 F/G | 1.53±0.01a | 1.49±0.01b | 0.024 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡肝脏和血清脂类含量的影响
表3 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡肝脏和血清脂类含量的影响Table 3 Effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on lipid contents in liver and serum of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Test group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 肝脏 Liver/(μmol/g prot) | |||
| 甘油三酯 TG | 111.53±14.61a | 72.90±5.34b | 0.038 |
| 总胆固醇 TC | 170.54±34.16 | 189.83±16.79 | 0.626 |
| 血清 Serum/(mmol/L) | |||
| 甘油三酯 TG | 1.11±0.10 | 1.13±0.14 | 0.899 |
| 总胆固醇 TC | 4.64±0.38 | 5.84±0.51 | 0.087 |
2.3 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡盲肠微生物区系的影响
2.3.1 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡盲肠微生物α多样性的影响
表4 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡盲肠微生物α多样性的影响Table 4 Effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on α diversity of cecal microbiota of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验组 Test group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chao 1指数 Chao1 index | 766.62±70.05 | 717.45±70.43 | 0.631 |
| Shannon指数 Shannon index | 7.45±0.16 | 7.54±0.16 | 0.689 |
| Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.98±0.00 | 0.99±0.00 | 0.219 |
2.3.2 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡盲肠微生物结构的影响
图1 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡盲肠微生物在门水平组成的影响Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidetes:拟杆菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Campilobacterota:弯曲杆菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Desulfobacterota:脱硫菌门;Aenigmarchaeota:谜古菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝藻门;Verrucomicrobiota:疣微菌门;Fusobacteria:梭杆菌门;Others:其他。 Fig.1 Effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on cecal microbial composition at phylum level of broilers |
图2 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡盲肠微生物组成在门水平的差异影响Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidetes:拟杆菌门;Campilobacterota:弯曲杆菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Desulfobacterota:脱硫菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝藻门。 数据柱标注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig.2 Differential effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on cecal microbial composition at phylum level of broilers Value columns with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as |
图3 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡盲肠微生物在属水平组成的影响Bacteroides:拟杆菌属;Faecalibacterium:粪杆菌属;Alistipes:另枝菌属;Clostridia_vadinBB60_group:梭状芽孢杆菌vadinBB60群;Clostridia_UCG-014:梭状芽孢杆菌UCG-014;Helicobacter:螺杆菌属;Bifidobacterium:双歧杆菌属;Parabacteroides:副拟杆菌属;Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group:产粪甾醇真细菌群;Others:其他。 Fig.3 Effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on cecal microbial composition at genus level of broilers |
图4 丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌配伍对肉鸡盲肠微生物组成在属水平的差异影响Helicobacter:螺杆菌属;Bifidobacterium:双歧杆菌属;Parabacteroides:副拟杆菌属;Eubacterium_coprostanoligen-es_group:产粪甾醇真细菌群。 Fig.4 Differential effects of compatibility of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on cecal microbial composition at genus level of broilers |
2.3.3 盲肠微生物与肉鸡生长性能间的相关性
图5 门水平的盲肠微生物与1~42日龄肉鸡生长性能间的相关性Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidetes:拟杆菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Campilobacterota:弯曲杆菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Desulfobacterota:脱硫菌门;Aenigmarchaeota:谜古菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝藻门;Verrucomicrobiota:疣微菌门;Fusobacteria:梭杆菌门;ADFI:平均日采食量 average daily feed intake; ADG:平均日增重 average daily gain; F/G:料重比 feed/gain。 *表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。下图同。* means significant correlation (P<0.05), and ** means extremely significant correlation (P<0.01). The same as below. Fig.5 Correlation between cecal microorganisms at phylum level and growth performance of broilers at 1 to 42 days of age |
图6 属水平的盲肠微生物与1~42日龄肉鸡生长性能间的相关性Bacteroides:拟杆菌属;Faecalibacterium:粪杆菌属;Alistipes:另枝菌属;Clostridia_vadinBB60_group:梭状芽孢杆菌vadinBB60群;Clostridia_UCG-014:梭状芽孢杆菌UCG-014;Helicobacter:螺杆菌属;Bifidobacterium:双歧杆菌属;Parabacteroides:副拟杆菌属;Eubacterium_coprostanoligen-es_group:产粪甾醇真细菌群; ADFI:平均日采食量 average daily feed intake; ADG:平均日增重 average daily gain; F/G:料重比 feed/gain。 Fig.6 Correlation between cecal microorganisms at genus level and growth performance of broilers at 1 to 42 days of age |

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