1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物和饲养管理
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 不添加植酸酶 Non-phytase supplementation | 添加植酸酶 Phytase supplementation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.18%非植酸磷 0.18% NPP | 0.25%非植酸磷 0.25% NPP | 0.18%非植酸磷 0.18% NPP | 0.25%非植酸磷 0.25% NPP | ||
| 原料 Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米 Corn | 52.40 | 52.40 | 52.40 | 52.40 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 26.10 | 26.10 | 26.10 | 26.10 | |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 9.83 | 9.83 | 9.83 | 9.83 | |
| 石粉 Limestone | 9.36 | 9.08 | 9.36 | 9.08 | |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.28 | 0.71 | 0.28 | 0.71 | |
| DL-蛋氨酸 DL-methionine | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 沸石粉 Zeolite powder | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.58 | 0.43 | |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | |
| 钙 Ca | 3.54 | 3.61 | 3.60 | 3.53 | |
| 项目 Items | 不添加植酸酶 Non-phytase supplementation | 添加植酸酶 Phytase supplementation | |||
| 0.18% NPP | 0.25% NPP | 0.18% NPP | 0.25% NPP | ||
| 总磷 TP | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.48 | |
| 非植酸磷 NPP | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.25 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | |
| 蛋氨酸 Met | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | |
| 色氨酸 Trp | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | |
| 苏氨酸 Thr | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | |
| 精氨酸 Arg | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | |
| 植酸酶 Phytase/(FTU/kg) | 0 | 0 | 500 | 500 | |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 12 000 IU,VD3 1 800 IU,VE 26 IU,VK3 1.0 mg,VB1 3.0 mg,VB2 9.6 mg,VB6 6.0 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,胆碱 choline 500 mg,D-泛酸钙 D-calcium pantothenate 28.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 50 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.6 mg,生物素 biotin 0.15 mg,Fe 50 mg,Cu 10 mg,Mn 90 mg,Zn 90 mg,I 0.50 mg,Se 0.40 mg。 2)钙和总磷为实测值,其余为计算值。Ca and TP were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.3 指标测定及方法
1.3.1 饲粮钙磷含量
1.3.2 产蛋性能
1.3.3 蛋壳品质
1.3.4 孵化性能
1.3.5 子代雏鸭骨骼指标
1.3.6 血浆骨代谢指标
1.3.7 粪磷含量
1.4 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭产蛋性能的影响
表2 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭产蛋性能的影响Table 2 Effects of phytase supplementation on laying performance of laying duck breeders fed diets with low level of NPP |
| 非植酸磷 NPP/% | 植酸酶 Phytase/ (FTU/kg) | 平均日 采食量 ADFI /(g/d) | 产蛋率 Laying rate/% | 平均蛋重 Average egg weight/g | 日产蛋重 Daily egg weight/(g/d) | 料蛋比 Feed/egg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.18 | 0 | 158 | 76.7 | 67.3 | 49.9 | 3.21 |
| 0.25 | 0 | 156 | 73.0 | 67.7 | 50.7 | 3.09 |
| 0.18 | 500 | 159 | 73.4 | 68.0 | 49.9 | 3.11 |
| 0.25 | 500 | 154 | 70.4 | 67.3 | 46.1 | 3.33 |
| SEM | 1 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 0.11 | |
| 主效应 Main effect | ||||||
| 非植酸磷 | 0.18 | 158a | 75.0 | 67.6 | 49.9 | 3.16 |
| NPP/% | 0.25 | 155b | 71.7 | 67.5 | 48.4 | 3.21 |
| SEM | 1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.08 | |
| 植酸酶 | 0 | 157 | 74.8 | 67.5 | 50.3 | 3.15 |
| Phytase/(FTU/kg) | 500 | 156 | 71.9 | 67.7 | 48.0 | 3.22 |
| SEM | 1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.08 | |
| P值 P-value | ||||||
| 非植酸磷 NPP | <0.05 | 0.10 | 0.74 | 0.42 | 0.67 | |
| 植酸酶 Phytase | 0.33 | 0.15 | 0.66 | 0.24 | 0.54 | |
| 非植酸磷×植酸酶 NPP×phytase | 0.33 | 0.85 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.15 | |
同列数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭种蛋蛋壳品质的影响
表3 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭种蛋蛋壳品质的影响Table 3 Effects of phytase supplementation on eggshell quality of laying duck breeders fed diets with low level of NPP |
| 非植酸磷 NPP/% | 植酸酶 Phytase/ (FTU/kg) | 蛋壳相对重量 Eggshell relative weight/% | 蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength/N | 蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness/ mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.18 | 0 | 8.97 | 38.5 | 0.300 |
| 0.25 | 0 | 8.96 | 36.0 | 0.297 |
| 0.18 | 500 | 9.19 | 37.7 | 0.302 |
| 0.25 | 500 | 9.09 | 36.6 | 0.300 |
| SEM | 0.12 | 1.4 | 0.004 | |
| 主效应 Main effect | ||||
| 非植酸磷 | 0.18 | 9.08 | 38.1 | 0.301 |
| NPP/% | 0.25 | 9.02 | 36.3 | 0.299 |
| SEM | 0.09 | 1.1 | 0.003 | |
| 植酸酶 | 0 | 8.96 | 37.3 | 0.298 |
| Phytase/(FTU/kg) | 500 | 9.14 | 37.1 | 0.301 |
| SEM | 0.09 | 1.1 | 0.003 | |
| P值 P-value | ||||
| 非植酸磷 NPP | 0.69 | 0.26 | 0.54 | |
| 植酸酶 Phytase | 0.19 | 0.94 | 0.48 | |
| 非植酸磷×植酸酶 NPP×phytase | 0.86 | 0.65 | 0.91 | |
2.3 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭种蛋孵化性能的影响
表4 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭种蛋孵化性能的影响Table 4 Effects of phytase supplementation on hatching performance of laying duck breeders fed diets with low level of NPP |
| 非植酸磷 NPP/% | 植酸酶 Phytase/ (FTU/kg) | 受精率 Fertilization rate/% | 受精蛋孵化率 Fertilized egg hatching rate/% | 健雏率 Healthy duckling rate/% | 出壳雏 鸭体重 Hatchling duckling body weight/g | 入孵蛋重 Hatchling egg weight/g | 出壳雏鸭体重/ 入孵蛋重 Hatchling duckling body weight/ hatchling egg weight/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.18 | 0 | 80.7 | 80.1 | 97.8 | 37.3c | 67.1 | 56.3 |
| 0.25 | 0 | 83.2 | 80.0 | 99.2 | 40.4a | 68.1 | 57.8 |
| 0.18 | 500 | 88.8 | 75.8 | 97.0 | 39.0b | 67.6 | 57.8 |
| 0.25 | 500 | 82.7 | 81.6 | 99.4 | 39.3ab | 67.1 | 58.8 |
| SEM | 3.3 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 | |
| 主效应 Main effect | |||||||
| 非植酸磷 | 0.18 | 84.7 | 77.9 | 97.4 | 38.2b | 67.3 | 57.1 |
| NPP/% | 0.25 | 83.0 | 80.8 | 99.3 | 39.8a | 67.6 | 58.3 |
| SEM | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |
| 植酸酶 | 0 | 77.9 | 80.0 | 98.5 | 38.8 | 67.6 | 57.1 |
| Phytase/(FTU/kg) | 500 | 80.8 | 78.7 | 98.2 | 39.1 | 67.3 | 58.3 |
| SEM | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |
| P值 P-value | |||||||
| 非植酸磷 NPP | 0.65 | 0.47 | 0.10 | <0.01 | 0.63 | 0.13 | |
| 植酸酶 Phytase | 0.33 | 0.74 | 0.79 | 0.50 | 0.67 | 0.13 | |
| 非植酸磷×植酸酶 NPP×phytase | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.67 | <0.01 | 0.25 | 0.75 | |
2.4 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭子代雏鸭骨骼指标的影响
表5 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭子代雏鸭骨骼指标的影响Table 5 Effects of phytase supplementation on skeletal indices of ducklings from laying duck breeders fed diets with low level of NPPmm |
| 非植酸磷 NPP/% | 植酸酶 Phytase/ (FTU/kg) | 乌喙骨间距 Coracoid spacing | 后侧突间距 Posterolateral process spacing | 龙骨长 Length of keel | 剑突长 Length of xiphoid | 胸骨深 Depth of sternum | 胫骨长 Length of tibia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.18 | 0 | 12.7 | 11.0 | 17.6 | 6.11 | 3.74 | 39.8 |
| 0.25 | 0 | 12.8 | 11.0 | 19.3 | 5.35 | 3.64 | 40.7 |
| 0.18 | 500 | 13.1 | 11.2 | 18.0 | 5.63 | 3.64 | 40.8 |
| 0.25 | 500 | 12.8 | 11.1 | 18.1 | 5.33 | 3.51 | 39.8 |
| SEM | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.51 | 0.13 | 0.5 | |
| 主效应 Main effect | |||||||
| 非植酸磷 | 0.18 | 12.9 | 11.1 | 17.8b | 5.87 | 3.69 | 40.3 |
| NPP/% | 0.25 | 12.8 | 11.0 | 18.7a | 5.34 | 3.57 | 40.3 |
| SEM | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.36 | 0.10 | 0.4 | |
| 植酸酶 | 0 | 12.7 | 11.0 | 18.4 | 5.73 | 3.69 | 40.3 |
| Phytase/(FTU/kg) | 500 | 12.9 | 11.1 | 18.1 | 5.48 | 3.57 | 40.3 |
| SEM | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.36 | 0.10 | 0.4 | |
| P值 P-value | |||||||
| 非植酸磷 NPP | 0.62 | 0.81 | 0.04 | 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.99 | |
| 植酸酶 Phytase | 0.44 | 0.61 | 0.36 | 0.63 | 0.39 | 0.96 | |
| 非植酸磷×植酸酶 NPP×phytase | 0.41 | 0.98 | 0.08 | 0.66 | 0.94 | 0.07 | |
2.5 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭血浆骨代谢指标的影响
表6 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭血浆骨代谢指标的影响Table 6 Effects of phytase supplementation on skeletal metabolism indices in plasma of laying duck breeders fed diets with low level of NPP |
| 非植酸磷 NPP/% | 植酸酶 Phytase/ (FTU/kg) | 钙 Ca/(mmol/L) | 磷 P/(mmol/L) | 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) | 甲状旁腺素 PTH/(pg/mL) | 降钙素 CT/(pg/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.18 | 0 | 1.35 | 2.05 | 9.20 | 7.86 | 4.39 |
| 0.25 | 0 | 1.53 | 2.76 | 9.68 | 10.00 | 5.36 |
| 0.18 | 500 | 1.35 | 2.93 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 4.35 |
| 0.25 | 500 | 1.36 | 2.76 | 9.55 | 10.50 | 4.39 |
| SEM | 0.08 | 0.25 | 1.48 | 0.69 | 0.31 | |
| 主效应 Main effect | ||||||
| 非植酸磷 | 0.18 | 1.35 | 2.49 | 8.78 | 8.11b | 4.37 |
| NPP/% | 0.25 | 1.47 | 2.70 | 9.62 | 10.30a | 4.87 |
| SEM | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.99 | 0.48 | 0.23 | |
| 植酸酶 | 0 | 1.44 | 2.41 | 9.44 | 8.93 | 4.88 |
| Phytase/(FTU/kg) | 500 | 1.36 | 2.78 | 8.96 | 9.43 | 4.37 |
| SEM | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.99 | 0.48 | 0.23 | |
| P值 P-value | ||||||
| 非植酸磷 NPP | 0.23 | 0.46 | 0.56 | <0.01 | 0.13 | |
| 植酸酶 Phytase | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.74 | 0.47 | 0.13 | |
| 非植酸磷×植酸酶 NPP×phytase | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 0.16 | |
2.6 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭粪磷含量的影响
表7 饲粮低NPP水平下添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭粪磷含量的影响Table 7 Effects of phytase supplementation on phosphorus content in feces of laying duck breeders fed diets with low level of NPP% |
| 非植酸磷 NPP/% | 植酸酶 Phytase/(FTU/kg) | 总磷 Total P | 水溶性磷 Water-soluble P |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.18 | 0 | 2.75 | 0.50 |
| 0.25 | 0 | 2.55 | 0.62 |
| 0.18 | 500 | 2.04 | 0.39 |
| 0.25 | 500 | 2.30 | 0.65 |
| SEM | 0.13 | 0.08 | |
| 主效应 Main effect | |||
| 非植酸磷 | 0.18 | 2.40 | 0.44b |
| NPP/% | 0.25 | 2.42 | 0.63a |
| SEM | 0.09 | 0.06 | |
| 植酸酶 | 0 | 2.65a | 0.56 |
| Phytase/(FTU/kg) | 500 | 2.17b | 0.52 |
| SEM | 0.09 | 0.06 | |
| P值 P-value | |||
| 非植酸磷 NPP | 0.81 | 0.03 | |
| 植酸酶 Phytase | <0.01 | 0.64 | |
| 非植酸磷×植酸酶 NPP×phytase | 0.10 | 0.41 | |

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