1 受精卵发育和胚胎附植
图1 猪胚胎附植的黏附级联过程(参考Johnson等[6])猪胚胎附植的黏附级联过程主要包括:1)胚胎滋养外胚层延长和透明带脱落;2)子宫腔上皮顶端表面黏蛋白的下调,以潜在的、但尚未鉴定的低亲和力的碳水化合物-凝集素结合分子,来介导胚胎接触前的滋养外胚层向子宫腔上皮的定向;3)低亲和力接触被更稳定和广泛的整合素与母体腔上皮细胞外基质之间的黏附相互作用所取代,来介导滋养外胚层与腔上皮的贴近;4)子宫绒毛细胞顶面表达的整合素受体与精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(RGD)和非RGD氨基酸序列的其细胞外基质分子结合,并与滋养外胚层细胞顶面表达的另一组潜在的整合素受体连接,来介导滋养外胚层黏连。 Fig.1 Cascade adhesion process of porcine embryo implantation (refer to Johnson, et al[6]) The adhesion cascade for pig embryo implantation mainly includes: 1) elongation of embryotrophic ectoderm and shedding of zona pellucida; 2) downregulation of mucin on the apical surface of the uterine lumen to mediate the orientation of the pre-contact trophoblastic ectoderm towards the uterine lumen with potential, but not yet identified, low-affinity carbohydrate-lectin binding molecules; 3) the low affinity contact was replaced by a more stable and extensive adhesion interaction between integrin and the extracellular matrix of the maternal luminal epithelium to mediate the proximity of the trophotrophic ectoderm to the luminal epithelium; 4) the integrin receptor expressed on the apical surface of uterine villus cells binds to the extracellular matrix molecules of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) and non-RGD amino acid sequences, and connects to another set of potential integrin receptors expressed on the apical surface of trophoblastic ectodermal cells to mediate trophoblastic ectodermal adhesion. |
2 胚胎来源的细胞因子
2.1 IL-1β
2.2 IFN
图2 JAKs-STATs通路IFN:干扰素;JAKs:Janus激酶,是一种蛋白酪氨酸激酶,胞内酶的一种,JAKs通过配对的JAKs传递细胞因子信号。STATs:信号转路及转录激活蛋白(signal transducer and activator of transcription),是一种能与DNA结合的蛋白质独特家族。 Fig.2 JAKs-STATs pathways[21] IFN: interferon; JAKs:Janus kinase, a protein tyrosine kinase, and a type of intracellular enzyme. JAKs transmits cytokine signals through paired JAKs. STATs: signal transducer and activator of transcription, a unique family of proteins that can bind DNA. |

京公网安备 11010802041926号