1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计及动物
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮 Diets | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | |
| 赖氨酸Lys/% | 0.85 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 0.85 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 0.85 | 1.00 | 1.15 | |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||||||||||
| 玉米 Corn | 70.00 | 70.00 | 70.00 | 67.20 | 67.20 | 67.20 | 64.40 | 64.40 | 64.40 | |
| 小麦麸 Wheat bran | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 2.35 | 2.35 | 2.35 | 3.60 | 3.60 | 3.60 | |
| 大豆粕 Soybean meal | 22.20 | 22.20 | 22.20 | 21.15 | 21.15 | 21.15 | 20.20 | 20.20 | 20.20 | |
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn protein meal | 1.77 | 1.77 | 1.77 | 4.30 | 4.30 | 4.30 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||||||||||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.12 | 12.12 | 12.12 | 12.12 | 12.12 | 12.12 | 12.12 | 12.12 | 12.12 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 17.03 | 17.05 | 17.06 | 18.07 | 18.05 | 18.06 | 19.03 | 19.06 | 19.04 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.83 | 1.01 | 1.14 | 0.86 | 1.03 | 1.13 | 0.84 | 1.00 | 1.13 | |
| 可消化赖氨酸 DLys | 0.77 | 0.93 | 1.07 | 0.77 | 0.93 | 1.07 | 0.77 | 0.93 | 1.07 | |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | |
| 可消化蛋氨酸+可消化半胱氨酸 DMet+DCys | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | |
| 钙 Ca | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | |
| 总磷 TP | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | |
| 有效磷 AP | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | |
1) 预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 7 200 IU,VD 3 360 IU,VE 20 IU,VK 2.9 mg,硫胺素 thiamine 2.4 mg,生物素 biotin 0.24 mg,核黄素 riboflavin 6.2 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 36 mg,胆碱 choline 800 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 13 mg,吡哆醇 pyridoxine 4.3 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,VB12 0.032 mg,Fe 100 mg, Mn 100 mg,Zn 90 mg,Cu 8 mg,I 1.8 mg, Se 0.30 mg。 2) 粗蛋白质和赖氨酸是实测值,其余营养水平为计算值。营养水平根据中国饲料数据库[16](2013年)提供的数据进行计算。CP and Lys were measured values, and other nutrient levels were calculated values. Nutrient levels were calculated from the data provided by Feed Database in China[16] (2013). |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 生长性能指标
1.3.2 血清生化指标
1.4 统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对油鸡育雏期生长性能的影响
2.1.1 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对0~3周龄油鸡生长性能的影响
表2 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对0~3周龄油鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary CP and Lys levels on growth performance of BYC at 0 to 3 weeks of age |
| 项目 Items | 周平均采食量 Weekly average feed intake/g | 周平均体增重 Weekly average body weight gain/g | 料重比 F/G | 死淘率 Mortality rate/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 赖氨酸 Lys/% | ||||
| 17 | 0.85 | 116.22 | 56.62 | 2.05 | 0.00 |
| 17 | 1.00 | 116.09 | 54.71 | 2.12 | 0.00 |
| 17 | 1.15 | 115.15 | 53.51 | 2.15 | 0.00 |
| 18 | 0.85 | 115.56 | 52.67 | 2.20 | 0.00 |
| 18 | 1.00 | 115.87 | 54.04 | 2.14 | 0.00 |
| 18 | 1.15 | 116.53 | 54.44 | 2.14 | 0.00 |
| 19 | 0.85 | 114.35 | 50.31 | 2.27 | 0.00 |
| 19 | 1.00 | 118.49 | 51.20 | 2.41 | 0.00 |
| 19 | 1.15 | 119.11 | 55.47 | 2.15 | 0.00 |
| SEM | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.03 | 0.00 | |
| 项目 Items | 周平均采食量 Weekly average feed intake/g | 周平均体增重 Weekly average body weight gain/g | 料重比 F/G | 死淘率 Mortality rate/% | |
| 主效应 Main effect | |||||
| 17 | 115.82 | 54.95 | 2.11 | 0.00 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 18 | 115.99 | 53.72 | 2.16 | 0.00 |
| 19 | 117.32 | 52.33 | 2.28 | 0.00 | |
| 0.85 | 115.38 | 53.20 | 2.18 | 0.00 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys/% | 1.00 | 116.82 | 53.32 | 2.22 | 0.00 |
| 1.15 | 116.93 | 54.47 | 2.15 | 0.00 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 0.393 | 0.145 | 0.088 | ||
| P值 P-value | 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.354 | 0.562 | 0.593 | |
| 粗蛋白质×赖氨酸CP×Lys | 0.330 | 0.139 | 0.458 |
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.1.2 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对4~6周油鸡雏鸡生长性能的影响
表3 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对4~6周龄油鸡生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary CP and Lys levels on growth performance of BYC at 4 to 6 weeks of age |
| 项目 Items | 周平均采食量 Weekly average feed intake/g | 周平均体增重 Weekly average body weight gain/g | 料重比 F/G | 死淘率 Mortality rate/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 赖氨酸 Lys/% | ||||
| 17 | 0.85 | 246.36 | 80.27 | 3.07 | 0.00 |
| 17 | 1.00 | 243.59 | 82.75 | 2.94 | 0.67 |
| 17 | 1.15 | 244.22 | 80.60 | 3.0 | 0.67 |
| 18 | 0.85 | 253.70 | 80.25 | 3.16 | 1.33 |
| 18 | 1.00 | 248.18 | 82.13 | 3.02 | 0.00 |
| 18 | 1.15 | 250.60 | 82.35 | 3.05 | 0.67 |
| 19 | 0.85 | 254.10 | 83.02 | 3.10 | 0.67 |
| 19 | 1.00 | 252.61 | 88.70 | 2.88 | 1.33 |
| 19 | 1.15 | 248.84 | 84.84 | 2.94 | 0.00 |
| SEM | 1.08 | 0.76 | 0.03 | 0.20 | |
| 主效应 Main effect | |||||
| 17 | 244.72b | 81.21b | 3.02 | 0.44 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 18 | 250.83b | 81.58b | 3.08 | 0.67 |
| 19 | 251.85a | 85.52a | 2.97 | 0.67 | |
| 0.85 | 251.39 | 81.18 | 3.11a | 0.67 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys/% | 1.00 | 248.13 | 84.53 | 2.95b | 0.67 |
| 1.15 | 247.89 | 82.60 | 3.01ab | 0.44 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 0.022 | 0.048 | 0.243 | 0.867 | |
| P值 P-value | 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.346 | 0.208 | 0.037 | 0.867 |
| 粗蛋白质×赖氨酸CP×Lys | 0.896 | 0.877 | 0.918 | 0.244 |
2.1.3 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对0~6周龄油鸡雏鸡生长性能的影响
表4 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对0~6周龄油鸡生长性能的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary CP and Lys levels on growth performance of BYC at 0 to 6 weeks of age |
| 项目 Items | 周平均采食量 Weekly average feed intake/g | 周平均体增重 Weekly average body weight gain/g | 料重比 F/G | 死淘率 Mortality rate/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 赖氨酸 Lys/% | ||||
| 17 | 0.85 | 181.29 | 68.44ab | 2.65 | 0.00 |
| 17 | 1.00 | 179.84 | 68.73ab | 2.61 | 0.67 |
| 17 | 1.15 | 179.69 | 67.06b | 2.68 | 0.67 |
| 18 | 0.85 | 184.63 | 66.46c | 2.78 | 1.33 |
| 18 | 1.00 | 182.02 | 68.09ab | 2.67 | 0.00 |
| 18 | 1.15 | 183.57 | 68.40ab | 2.69 | 0.67 |
| 19 | 0.85 | 184.23 | 66.67c | 2.78 | 0.67 |
| 19 | 1.00 | 185.55 | 69.95a | 2.65 | 1.33 |
| 19 | 1.15 | 183.98 | 70.15a | 2.62 | 0.00 |
| SEM | 0.49 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.20 | |
| 主效应 Main effect | |||||
| 17 | 180.27b | 68.08 | 2.65 | 0.44 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 18 | 183.40a | 67.65 | 2.71 | 0.67 |
| 19 | 184.58a | 68.92 | 2.69 | 0.67 | |
| 0.85 | 183.38 | 67.19b | 2.74a | 0.67 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys/% | 1.00 | 182.47 | 68.92a | 2.65b | 0.67 |
| 1.15 | 182.41 | 68.54a | 2.66b | 0.44 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 0.003 | 0.111 | 0.075 | 0.867 | |
| P值 P-value | 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.666 | 0.017 | 0.005 | 0.867 |
| 粗蛋白质×赖氨酸CP×Lys | 0.711 | 0.031 | 0.109 | 0.244 |
2.2 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对油鸡雏鸡血清生化指标的影响
3 讨论
3.1 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对雏鸡生长性能的影响
表5 饲粮粗蛋白质和赖氨酸水平对0~6周龄油鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary CP and Lys levels on serum biochemical indexes of BYC at 0 to 6 weeks of age |
| 项目 Items | 总蛋白 Total protein/ (g/L) | 白蛋白 Albumin/ (g/L) | 葡萄糖 GLU/ (mmol/L) | 总胆固醇 T-CHO/ (mmol/L) | 甘油三酯 TG/ (mmol/L) | 尿酸 UA/ (μmol/L) | 谷草 转氨酶 AST/ (U/L) | 谷丙 转氨酶 ALT/ (U/L) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 粗蛋白质CP/% | 赖氨酸 Lys/% | ||||||||
| 17 | 0.85 | 36.76 | 17.05 | 12.54 | 5.06 | 0.69 | 288.42 | 31.55 | 4.37 |
| 17 | 1.00 | 40.17 | 16.66 | 13.92 | 4.79 | 0.93 | 239.27 | 30.69 | 5.23 |
| 17 | 1.15 | 40.02 | 20.12 | 14.17 | 5.77 | 1.01 | 290.30 | 28.45 | 5.70 |
| 18 | 0.85 | 35.44 | 18.47 | 13.76 | 4.78 | 1.30 | 268.27 | 32.28 | 6.88 |
| 18 | 1.00 | 38.48 | 16.99 | 14.20 | 4.63 | 0.66 | 291.05 | 36.58 | 6.52 |
| 18 | 1.15 | 33.65 | 18.22 | 14.35 | 5.30 | 0.59 | 214.78 | 32.29 | 5.28 |
| 19 | 0.85 | 34.33 | 18.26 | 15.81 | 5.56 | 0.60 | 426.65 | 33.94 | 6.02 |
| 19 | 1.00 | 38.12 | 19.19 | 16.83 | 6.81 | 1.13 | 359.23 | 32.02 | 6.70 |
| 19 | 1.15 | 43.17 | 21.94 | 15.89 | 5.91 | 0.58 | 286.35 | 27.56 | 5.89 |
| SEM | 0.743 | 0.347 | 0.524 | 0.194 | 0.088 | 14.802 | 1.097 | 0.204 | |
| 主效应 Main effect | |||||||||
| 17 | 38.98 | 17.94b | 13.54 | 5.21 | 0.88 | 272.67b | 30.23 | 5.10 | |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% | 18 | 35.86 | 17.89b | 14.10 | 4.90 | 0.85 | 258.04b | 33.72 | 6.23 |
| 19 | 38.54 | 19.80a | 16.18 | 6.09 | 0.77 | 357.41a | 31.18 | 6.20 | |
| 0.85 | 35.51 | 17.92b | 14.04 | 5.13 | 0.87 | 327.78 | 32.59 | 5.75 | |
| 赖氨酸Lys/% | 1.00 | 38.92 | 17.61b | 14.98 | 5.41 | 0.90 | 296.52 | 33.10 | 6.15 |
| 1.15 | 38.95 | 20.09a | 14.80 | 5.66 | 0.73 | 263.81 | 29.44 | 5.63 | |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 0.206 | 0.062 | 0.125 | 0.056 | 0.877 | 0.028 | 0.424 | 0.059 | |
| P值 P-value | 赖氨酸 Lys | 0.123 | 0.018 | 0.739 | 0.552 | 0.693 | 0.238 | 0.357 | 0.561 |
| 粗蛋白质×赖氨酸 CP×Lys | 0.179 | 0.383 | 0.985 | 0.507 | 0.177 | 0.400 | 0.840 | 0.245 | |

京公网安备 11010802041926号