1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计及饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~54日龄 22 to 54 days of age | ||
| 原料 Ingredients | |||
| 玉米 Corn | 15.19 | 16.15 | |
| 陈化小麦 Aged wheat1) | 15.00 | 20.00 | |
| 陈化糙米混合物 Aged brown rice mixture1) | 30.00 | 30.00 | |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 26.60 | 18.60 | |
| 膨化大豆 Extruded soybean | 5.00 | ||
| 花生粕 Peanut meal | 2.00 | ||
| 葵花粕 Sunflower meal | 2.00 | 2.00 | |
| 玉米干酒糟及其可溶物 Corn DDGS | 2.00 | ||
| 玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal | 1.00 | 3.00 | |
| 米糠油 Rice bran oil | 0.86 | 2.27 | |
| 石粉 Stone powder | 1.53 | 1.40 | |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.81 | 0.57 | |
| 预混料 Premix2) | 2.00 | 2.00 | |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels3) | |||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 21.49 | 19.50 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 3.32 | 4.16 | |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | ||
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 22~54日龄 22 to 54 days of age | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.88 | 12.47 | |
| 钙 Ca | 0.83 | 0.72 | |
| 总磷 TP | 0.59 | 0.52 | |
1)陈化小麦与陈化糙米混合物为陈化粮,脂肪酸值分别为98.82、86.72 mg/kg,均属重度不宜存状态。The aged wheat and aged brown rice mixture are aged grain, with fatty acid values of 98.82 and 86.72 mg/kg, respectively, which belongs to the state of severe unsuitable storage. 2)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VD 5 000 mg,VA 10 000 mg,VE 30 mg,VK3 150 mg,VB1 90 mg,VB2 80 mg,VB12 5 mg,VB6 32 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 18 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 30 g,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,VH 3 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 6 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfat) 60 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 70 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 90 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 1.0 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.15 mg。 3)代谢能为计算值,其他营养水平均为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while other nutrient levels were measured values. |
表2 新型复合抗氧化剂组成Table 2 Composition of new compound antioxidants |
| 组成 Components | 含量 Content/% | 有效含量 Active content/% | 单价 Unit price/(元/kg) | 成本 Cost/(元/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乙氧基喹啉 EQ | 20.00 | 19.00 | 50.00 | 10.00 |
| 茶多酚 TP | 22.70 | 4.00 | 20.00 | 4.54 |
| 维生素E Vitamin E | 10.00 | 7.50 | 80.00 | 8.00 |
| 酵母硒 SY | 5.00 | 0.01 | 40.00 | 2.00 |
| 白炭黑 Silica | 23.00 | 23.00 | 6.00 | 1.38 |
| 沸石粉 Zeolite powder | 19.30 | 19.30 | 0.60 | 0.12 |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | 26.04 |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 生长性能指标
1.4 肉品质指标
1.5 血清及组织抗氧化功能指标
1.6 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡生长性能的影响
表3 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of new compound antioxidants on growth performance of cyan-shank partridge chickens |
| 项目 Items | 日龄 Days of age | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 维生素E Vitamin E | EQ | X1 | X2 | X3 | ||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 1~21 | 32.92 | 32.94 | 32.93 | 32.75 | 32.87 | 32.94 | 0.30 | 0.985 |
| 22~54 | 124.29 | 126.99 | 123.61 | 124.83 | 127.96 | 127.29 | 0.71 | 0.424 | |
| 1~54 | 90.12 | 87.88 | 88.01 | 88.39 | 88.75 | 90.38 | 1.11 | 0.118 | |
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 1~21 | 19.12 | 19.42 | 19.21 | 19.54 | 19.51 | 20.41 | 0.70 | 0.520 |
| 22~54 | 53.39c | 55.62abc | 54.89bc | 56.09ab | 56.82ab | 57.58a | 0.36 | 0.011 | |
| 1~54 | 39.60b | 40.84ab | 40.03b | 40.78ab | 41.78a | 41.75a | 0.74 | 0.025 | |
| 料重比 F/G | 1~21 | 1.73 | 1.70 | 1.73 | 1.69 | 1.70 | 1.64 | 0.05 | 0.575 |
| 22~54 | 2.31 | 2.19 | 2.19 | 2.20 | 2.22 | 2.31 | 0.02 | 0.188 | |
| 1~54 | 2.23a | 2.16b | 2.16b | 2.16b | 2.15b | 2.16b | 0.02 | 0.019 | |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
图1 新型复合抗氧化剂添加量和平均日增重的曲线回归拟合图Fig.1 Curve regression fitting chart of new compound antioxidants addition and ADG |
2.2 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡肉品质的影响
表4 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡肉品质的影响Table 4 Effects of new compound antioxidants on meat quality of cyan-shank partridge chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 维生素E Vitamin E | EQ | X1 | X2 | X3 | ||||
| 亮度 L* | 50.64a | 48.23b | 48.68b | 48.42b | 48.46b | 47.60b | 0.29 | 0.032 | |
| 红度 a* | 5.11c | 5.93b | 5.85b | 5.96b | 5.92b | 6.58a | 0.21 | <0.001 | |
| 黄度 b* | 5.45 | 5.77 | 5.88 | 5.40 | 4.79 | 5.86 | 0.66 | 0.570 | |
| pH45 min | 6.21 | 6.20 | 6.20 | 6.31 | 6.24 | 6.23 | 0.07 | 0.490 | |
| 滴水损失 Drip loss/% | 7.28 | 7.73 | 7.64 | 6.82 | 7.26 | 7.62 | 0.62 | 0.700 | |
| 剪切力 Shear force/N | 14.77a | 12.08bc | 13.92ab | 12.28bc | 10.86c | 10.38c | 0.93 | <0.001 | |
| 蒸煮损失 Cooking loss/% | 17.69a | 16.24ab | 17.28a | 16.58ab | 14.70b | 16.15ab | 0.92 | 0.043 | |
2.3 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡血清抗氧化功能的影响
表5 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡血清抗氧化功能的影响Table 5 Effects of new compound antioxidants on antioxidant function in serum of cyan-shank partridge chickens |
| 项目 Items | 日龄 Days of age | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 维生素E Vitamin E | EQ | X1 | X2 | X3 | ||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 | 21 | 99.67 | 101.93 | 103.96 | 102.68 | 106.06 | 114.84 | 7.39 | 0.412 |
| SOD/(U/mL) | 54 | 109.90 | 130.27 | 131.13 | 133.43 | 134.40 | 126.95 | 9.62 | 0.137 |
| 过氧化氢酶 | 21 | 1.52c | 4.58ab | 3.94b | 4.40ab | 4.85a | 4.78a | 0.35 | 0.001 |
| CAT/(U/mL) | 54 | 3.00b | 5.19a | 4.34a | 4.75a | 4.88a | 4.91a | 0.41 | <0.001 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 | 21 | 1 090.91c | 1 234.72ab | 1 171.36bc | 1 212.41ab | 1 280.86ab | 1 291.62a | 49.88 | 0.002 |
| GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 54 | 1 099.40b | 1 254.57ab | 1 240.11ab | 1 250.00ab | 1 344.23a | 1 367.04a | 81.94 | 0.037 |
| 丙二醛 | 21 | 2.55a | 2.17bc | 2.26ab | 2.16bc | 1.84c | 1.90bc | 0.15 | <0.001 |
| MDA/(nmol/mL) | 54 | 1.62 | 1.55 | 1.40 | 1.49 | 1.39 | 1.50 | 0.15 | 0.603 |
2.4 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡肝脏抗氧化功能的影响
表6 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡肝脏抗氧化功能的影响Table 6 Effects of new compound antioxidants on antioxidant function in liver of cyan-shank partridge chickens |
| 项目 Items | 日龄 Days of age | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 维生素E Vitamin E | EQ | X1 | X2 | X3 | ||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 | 21 | 170.58d | 222.12b | 200.64c | 216.96bc | 229.31b | 249.32a | 8.84 | 0.003 |
| SOD/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 223.70c | 276.65b | 229.35c | 241.23bc | 357.80a | 328.14a | 21.61 | <0.001 |
| 过氧化氢酶 | 21 | 17.98b | 18.63b | 18.13b | 18.93b | 19.16b | 21.16a | 0.64 | 0.007 |
| CAT/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 23.94b | 30.94a | 24.05b | 24.96b | 36.44a | 33.21a | 2.73 | 0.004 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 | 21 | 26.98b | 30.96ab | 28.45b | 30.32ab | 34.68a | 35.07a | 2.33 | 0.010 |
| GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 28.12c | 37.44ab | 36.29b | 37.86ab | 38.63ab | 40.54a | 1.47 | <0.001 |
| 丙二醛 | 21 | 0.79a | 0.69ab | 0.67ab | 0.65b | 0.64bc | 0.52c | 0.06 | 0.010 |
| MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 54 | 0.72a | 0.64ab | 0.70a | 0.68a | 0.58b | 0.57b | 0.04 | 0.002 |
2.5 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡胸肌抗氧化功能的影响
表7 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡胸肌抗氧化功能的影响Table 7 Effects of new compound antioxidants on antioxidant function in chest muscle of cyan-shank partridge chickens |
| 项目 Items | 日龄 Days of age | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 维生素E Vitamin E | EQ | X1 | X2 | X3 | ||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 | 21 | 27.36c | 30.86bc | 28.13bc | 30.61bc | 32.72b | 38.00a | 2.17 | 0.002 |
| SOD/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 28.45c | 36.20ab | 30.10c | 31.94bc | 37.12a | 38.02a | 2.42 | <0.001 |
| 过氧化氢酶 | 21 | 0.96c | 2.58a | 1.77b | 2.39ab | 2.73a | 2.91a | 0.15 | <0.001 |
| CAT/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 1.34c | 1.93b | 1.56c | 1.57c | 3.37a | 3.53a | 0.17 | <0.001 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 | 21 | 3.06c | 4.12b | 3.23bc | 3.54bc | 6.49a | 6.71a | 0.43 | 0.001 |
| GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 2.35d | 4.04b | 2.90cd | 3.68bc | 4.26b | 5.45a | 0.41 | <0.001 |
| 丙二醛 | 21 | 0.34a | 0.26ab | 0.29a | 0.26ab | 0.19bc | 0.15c | 0.04 | 0.003 |
| MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 54 | 0.31a | 0.22b | 0.29a | 0.23b | 0.15c | 0.10d | 0.02 | <0.001 |
2.6 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡心脏抗氧化功能的影响
表8 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡心脏抗氧化功能的影响Table 8 Effects of new compound antioxidants on antioxidant function in heart of cyan-shank partridge chickens |
| 项目 Items | 日龄 Days of age | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 维生素E Vitamin E | EQ | X1 | X2 | X3 | ||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 | 21 | 184.74c | 230.23b | 214.05b | 226.14b | 235.01ab | 255.96a | 10.69 | <0.001 |
| SOD/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 177.95b | 205.18b | 185.87b | 194.45b | 309.08a | 327.57a | 22.85 | 0.002 |
| 过氧化氢酶 | 21 | 3.38c | 3.85bc | 3.52c | 3.62c | 4.37ab | 4.61a | 0.29 | <0.001 |
| CAT/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 3.74d | 4.79bc | 3.75d | 4.42c | 5.13ab | 5.59a | 0.28 | <0.001 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 | 21 | 46.03b | 50.50ab | 47.20b | 50.18ab | 50.97ab | 54.62a | 2.81 | 0.002 |
| GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 53.29c | 61.69bc | 53.73c | 55.67c | 66.89ab | 73.19a | 4.13 | 0.001 |
| 丙二醛 | 21 | 1.04a | 0.62c | 0.82b | 0.81b | 0.58c | 0.53c | 0.09 | <0.001 |
| MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 54 | 1.10a | 0.38c | 1.04a | 0.74b | 0.48c | 0.37c | 0.06 | <0.001 |
2.7 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡肾脏抗氧化功能的影响
表9 新型复合抗氧化剂对青脚麻鸡肾脏抗氧化功能的影响Table 9 Effects of new compound antioxidants on antioxidant function in kidney of cyan-shank partridge chickens |
| 项目 Items | 日龄 Days of age | 组别 Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 维生素E Vitamin E | EQ | X1 | X2 | X3 | ||||
| 超氧化物歧化酶 | 21 | 110.26c | 129.27b | 120.65b | 129.15b | 139.10a | 140.31a | 4.21 | 0.001 |
| SOD/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 113.04c | 130.07b | 121.69bc | 122.16bc | 147.61a | 143.11a | 5.77 | <0.001 |
| 过氧化氢酶 | 21 | 20.26c | 30.06ab | 25.15bc | 28.61ab | 31.93a | 32.96a | 2.69 | 0.001 |
| CAT/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 18.66d | 33.02b | 19.95cd | 25.12c | 36.67b | 43.19a | 2.82 | <0.001 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 | 21 | 24.62c | 29.51b | 25.85c | 29.25b | 31.12ab | 33.88a | 1.50 | 0.001 |
| GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 54 | 20.19d | 30.72b | 26.19c | 29.20bc | 32.52ab | 35.22a | 1.85 | 0.002 |
| 丙二醛 | 21 | 0.47a | 0.35b | 0.47a | 0.52a | 0.31b | 0.30b | 0.03 | 0.004 |
| MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 54 | 0.39a | 0.36a | 0.39a | 0.38a | 0.20b | 0.25b | 0.05 | 0.002 |

京公网安备 11010802041926号