1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 1.50% | 4.50% | 7.50% | ||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 69.67 | 68.06 | 64.83 | 61.63 | |||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 16.95 | 16.55 | 15.77 | 14.98 | |||||
| 椰子粕Copra meal | 1.50 | 4.50 | 7.50 | ||||||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | |||||
| 麸皮Bran | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | |||||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 3.00 | 3.50 | 4.50 | 5.50 | |||||
| 石粉Limestone | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.94 | |||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | |||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | |||||
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 | |||||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | |||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.74 | 12.74 | 12.74 | 12.74 | |||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.83 | 15.83 | 15.83 | 15.83 | |||||
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||
| 对照Control | 1.50% | 4.50% | 7.50% | ||||||
| 粗纤维CF | 2.44 | 2.54 | 2.73 | 2.92 | |||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 6.13 | 6.69 | 7.80 | 8.91 | |||||
| 钙Ca | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 | |||||
| 总磷TP | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.62 | |||||
| 有效磷AP | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | |||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | |||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | |||||
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.63 | |||||
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.03 | |||||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:Cu 10 mg,Fe 80 mg,Mn 60 mg,Zn 70 mg,I 2 mg,Se 0.40 mg,VA 10 000 IU,VD 3 2 000 IU,VE 10 mg,VB1 2 mg,VB2 3 mg,VB6 3.50 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 15 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.50 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 10 mg,生物素 biotin 0.15 mg,氰钴胺 cyanocobalamin 10 μg。 |
1.3 测定指标
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 屠宰性能
1.3.3 肌肉品质
1.3.4 肌纤维直径和面积
1.3.5 肌肉常规营养成分
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 椰子粕对文昌鸡生长性能和器官指数的影响
表2 饲粮中不同水平椰子粕对文昌鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different dietary levels of copra meal on growth performance of Wenchang chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 1.50% | 4.50% | 7.50% | |
| 初始体重IBW/g | 1 177.92±4.25 | 1 176.67±4.59 | 1 177.50±4.87 | 1 177.92±5.53 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 1 830.66±10.58 | 1 872.57±12.25 | 1 840.77±21.75 | 1 858.97±15.81 |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 15.92±0.19 | 16.97±0.26 | 16.18±0.53 | 16.61±0.33 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 88.20±0.43 | 90.42±0.95 | 86.59±1.63 | 86.32±0.86 |
| 料重比F/G | 5.54±0.06a | 5.33±0.05b | 5.37±0.09ab | 5.20±0.07b |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
表3 饲粮中不同水平椰子粕对文昌鸡器官指数的影响Table 3 Effects of different dietary levels of copra meal on organ indices of Wenchang chickens % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 1.50% | 4.50% | 7.50% | |
| 心脏Heart | 3.71±0.22 | 3.51±0.29 | 3.82±0.21 | 4.14±0.25 |
| 肝脏Liver | 27.88±3.56 | 27.28±2.89 | 26.13±2.64 | 25.85±1.40 |
| 胃Stomach | 16.18±0.79 | 13.72±0.84 | 15.70±0.50 | 15.17±0.82 |
| 脾脏Spleen | 1.66±0.20 | 1.20±0.11 | 2.02±0.51 | 1.56±0.12 |
| 肌胃Muscular | 12.64±0.63 | 10.62±0.68 | 11.82±0.53 | 11.67±0.55 |
| 腺胃Glandular | 3.54±0.18 | 3.11±0.38 | 3.88±0.38 | 3.50±0.39 |
2.2 椰子粕对文昌鸡屠宰性能的影响
表4 饲粮中不同水平椰子粕对文昌鸡屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of different dietary levels of copra meal on slaughter performance of Wenchang chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 1.50% | 4.50% | 7.50% | |
| 活重Alive weight/g | 1 844.13±14.71 | 1 857.88±18.66 | 1 857.50±23.34 | 1 877.63±11.12 |
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage/% | 92.13±0.35b | 93.13±0.15a | 91.83±0.34b | 91.91±0.46b |
| 半净膛率 Half-eviscerated yield percentage/% | 80.37±1.38 | 80.90±1.26 | 81.36±1.72 | 81.46±1.35 |
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated yield percentage/% | 65.01±0.89 | 63.53±1.03 | 64.45±1.30 | 64.63±1.26 |
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat percentage/% | 8.19±0.70 | 11.11±0.73 | 9.79±0.66 | 10.14±0.81 |
| 胸肌率Breast muscle percentage/% | 15.55±0.61 | 14.76±0.38 | 14.04±0.74 | 14.41±0.29 |
| 腿肌率Leg muscle percentage/% | 19.34±0.57 | 17.98±0.67 | 19.31±0.59 | 18.17±0.34 |
2.3 椰子粕对文昌鸡肉品质的影响
表5 饲粮中不同水平椰子粕对文昌鸡胸肌肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of different dietary levels of copra meal on breast muscle quality of Wenchang chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 1.50% | 4.50% | 7.50% | |
| pH45 min | 5.76±0.08 | 5.50±0.12 | 5.91±0.20 | 5.68±0.09 |
| pH24 h | 5.39±0.07a | 5.32±0.05ab | 5.13±0.02b | 5.29±0.07ab |
| 24 h滴水损失Drop loss at 24 h/% | 4.12±0.48 | 1.04±0.52 | 3.52±0.61 | 4.10±0.82 |
| 熟肉率Cooking rate/% | 64.38±2.88 | 63.46±0.32 | 65.57±1.76 | 75.34±7.13 |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 47.84±6.35 | 53.46±5.48 | 59.41±4.16 | 66.99±6.94 |
表6 饲粮中不同水平椰子粕对文昌鸡腿肌肉品质的影响Table 6 Effects of different dietary levels of copra meal on thigh muscle quality of Wenchang chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 1.50% | 4.50% | 7.50% | |
| pH45 min | 5.87±0.19 | 5.63±0.11 | 6.07±0.08 | 5.95±0.19 |
| pH24 h | 5.60±0.05ab | 5.35±0.07b | 5.52±0.08ab | 5.75±0.12a |
| 24h滴水损失Drop loss at 24 h/% | 2.63±0.36 | 0.91±0.67 | 3.61±0.83 | 3.84±1.01 |
| 熟肉率Cooking rate/% | 63.22±4.10 | 63.16±1.32 | 59.33±4.25 | 68.07±4.67 |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 54.33±3.72 | 55.97±5.92 | 43.54±3.16 | 67.00±6.95 |
2.4 椰子粕对文昌鸡肌肉组织学性状的影响
表7 饲粮中不同水平椰子粕对文昌鸡肌肉组织学性状的影响Table 7 Effects of different dietary levels of copra meal on muscle histological characteristics of Wenchang chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 1.50% | 4.50% | 7.50% | |
| 胸肌Breast muscle | ||||
| 直径Diameter/μm | 62.55±1.90 | 61.04±1.95 | 61.78±1.22 | 60.27±1.49 |
| 横截面积Cross sectional area/μm2 | 2 541.81±210.58 | 2 190.56±118.93 | 2 106.67±120.70 | 2 218.33±117.73 |
| 腿肌Thigh muscle | ||||
| 直径Diameter/μm | 62.16±3.38 | 58.60±0.88 | 56.69±3.85 | 58.73±4.11 |
| 横截面积Cross sectional area/μm2 | 2 487.78±391.00 | 2 128.33±178.49 | 2 412.22±320.38 | 2 127.78±398.70 |
2.5 椰子粕对文昌鸡肌肉常规营养成分的影响
表8 饲粮中不同水平椰子粕对文昌鸡肌肉常规营养成分的影响Table 8 Effects of different dietary levels of copra meal on routine nutritional components of muscle of Wenchang chickens % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 1.50% | 4.50% | 7.50% | |
| 胸肌Breast muscle | ||||
| 水分Moisture | 72.35±0.49 | 72.23±0.47 | 72.13±0.24 | 72.08±0.59 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 23.78±0.29b | 24.83±0.09a | 22.90±1.43b | 25.08±0.31a |
| 肌内脂肪Intramuscular fat | 3.08±0.71 | 2.10±0.50 | 3.80±1.81 | 1.50±0.38 |
| 腿肌Thigh muscle | ||||
| 水分Moisture | 68.88±1.34 | 68.35±0.73 | 68.28±2.89 | 66.58±1.30 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 19.33±0.33 | 19.18±0.22 | 20.10±1.42 | 18.45±0.38 |
| 肌内脂肪Intramuscular fat | 10.78±1.42 | 10.68±1.00 | 9.20±2.64 | 13.68±0.79 |

京公网安备 11010802041926号