1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 花生秧粉使用量Peanut seedling powder usage amount/% | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | ||||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||||
| 花生秧粉Peanut seedling powder | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 12.00 | 15.00 | ||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 61.40 | 60.20 | 60.00 | 59.50 | 59.50 | 58.70 | |||||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 16.50 | 17.20 | 16.30 | 17.20 | 16.20 | 15.20 | |||||||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 6.00 | 5.40 | 5.90 | 5.30 | 5.40 | 6.30 | |||||||
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 5.71 | 5.14 | 3.68 | 2.11 | 1.05 | 0.22 | |||||||
| 稻壳粉Powdered rice hulls | 7.20 | 5.80 | 4.90 | 3.60 | 2.70 | 1.40 | |||||||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.01 | |||||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.95 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 0.95 | 0.96 | |||||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | |||||||
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |||||||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 | |||||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |||||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 | |||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.60 | 16.60 | 16.60 | 16.60 | 16.60 | 16.60 | |||||||
| 粗纤维CF | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | |||||||
| 钙Ca | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | |||||||
| 非植酸磷NPP | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||||||
| 项目 Items | 花生秧粉使用量Peanut seedling powder usage amount/% | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | ||||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | |||||||
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | |||||||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 900 000 IU,VD3 300 000 IU,VE 24 mg,VK 150 mg,VB1 40 mg,VB2 600 mg,VB6 200 mg,VB12 1 mg,生物素 biotin 4 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 900 mg,叶酸 folic acid 50 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 456 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 16 mg,Zn 140 mg,Mn 140 mg,I 50 mg,Se 20 mg。 2)营养水平为计算值。Nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 血清生化指标
1.4.3 空肠内容物消化酶活性
1.4.4 屠宰性能
1.5 数据处理与统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 花生秧粉对皖西白鹅生长性能的影响
表2 花生秧粉对皖西白鹅生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of peanut seedling powder on growth performance of Wanxi white geese |
| 项目 Items | 花生秧粉使用量Peanut seedling powder usage amount/% | P值 P-value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | |||||||||
| 初始体重 IBW/g | 940.23 ±12.45 | 941.67 ±10.02 | 948.15 ±11.08 | 952.78 ±9.04 | 946.30 ±11.62 | 935.02 ±8.87 | 0.562 1 | |||||||
| 终末体重 FBW/g | 3 526.85 ±103.82 | 3 626.61 ±135.41 | 3 557.98 ±89.85 | 3 599.86 ±76.93 | 3 575.05 ±71.19 | 3 551.20 ±77.64 | 0.980 8 | |||||||
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 242.57 ±9.35 | 253.33 ±7.79 | 247.93 ±6.85 | 255.05 ±6.00 | 253.67 ±4.42 | 242.02 ±6.50 | 0.635 0 | |||||||
| 平均日增重 ADG/(g/d) | 53.89 ±1.97 | 55.94 ±2.64 | 54.37 ±1.68 | 55.15 ±1.42 | 54.77 ±1.30 | 54.33 ±1.36 | 0.973 6 | |||||||
| 料重比 F/G | 4.50 ±0.07 | 4.55 ±0.13 | 4.57 ±0.10 | 4.63 ±0.02 | 4.64 ±0.05 | 4.45 ±0.04 | 0.495 8 | |||||||
同行数据肩标无字母或者相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 花生秧粉对皖西白鹅屠宰性能的影响
表3 花生秧粉对皖西白鹅屠宰性能的影响Table 3 Effects of peanut seedling powder on slaughter performance of Wanxi white geese % |
| 项目 Items | 花生秧粉使用量Peanut seedling powder usage amount/% | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | ||
| 屠宰率 Carcass rate | 88.66±0.40 | 88.93±0.21 | 88.46±0.28 | 88.70±0.53 | 89.18±0.31 | 89.35±0.32 | 0.620 6 |
| 半净膛率 Half-eviscerated rate | 81.24±0.52 | 80.99±0.32 | 80.25±0.33 | 80.31±0.21 | 80.29±0.25 | 81.89±0.55 | 0.242 0 |
| 全净膛率 All-eviscerated rate | 72.62±0.62 | 72.71±0.36 | 70.66±0.50 | 71.64±0.66 | 71.87±0.27 | 72.36±0.73 | 0.050 0 |
| 胸肌率 Chest muscle rate | 10.87±0.18 | 11.07±0.71 | 10.42±0.64 | 11.43±0.57 | 10.38±0.32 | 10.54±0.38 | 0.641 1 |
| 腿肌率 Leg muscle rate | 12.43±0.32 | 11.94±0.33 | 12.08±0.48 | 12.99±0.55 | 12.74±0.61 | 12.06±0.48 | 0.563 2 |
| 腹脂率 Abdominal fat rate | 3.47±0.12a | 2.73±0.35b | 3.34±0.41ab | 2.74±0.13b | 2.90±0.21ab | 3.39±0.08ab | 0.022 6 |
2.3 花生秧粉对皖西白鹅空肠内容物消化酶活性的影响
表4 花生秧粉对皖西白鹅空肠内容物消化酶活性的影响Table 4 Effects of peanut seedling powder on digestive enzyme activities in jejunum contents of Wanxi white geese |
| 项目 Items | 花生秧粉使用量Peanut seedling powder usage amount/% | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | ||
| 蔗糖酶 Sucrase/(U/mg prot) | 8.35±0.93 | 7.17±1.31 | 7.80±3.50 | 7.30±4.30 | 8.24±1.11 | 9.04±0.89 | 0.770 1 |
| 麦芽糖酶 Maltase/(U/mg prot) | 1.39±0.24bc | 0.73±0.10c | 1.30±0.18bc | 1.68±0.06b | 2.00±0.40b | 3.32±0.37a | <0.000 1 |
| 淀粉酶 Amylase/(U/mg prot) | 0.15±0.03 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.16±0.01 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.16±0.01 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.637 9 |
| 脂肪酶 Lipase/(×102 U/g prot) | 1.33±0.15b | 1.87±0.19a | 1.84±0.25a | 1.86±0.20a | 1.90±0.14a | 1.89±0.16a | <0.000 1 |
2.4 花生秧粉对皖西白鹅血清生化指标的影响
表5 花生秧粉对皖西白鹅血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of peanut seedling powder on serum biochemical indices of Wanxi white geese |
| 项目 Items | 花生秧粉使用量Peanut seedling powder usage amount/% | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | ||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 42.45±1.17a | 39.38±0.92ab | 39.92±1.17ab | 41.30±0.96ab | 41.56±1.34ab | 37.96±1.66b | 0.034 3 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 16.57±0.26 | 16.00±0.51 | 16.15±0.34 | 16.23±0.50 | 15.93±0.33 | 15.28±0.74 | 0.547 0 |
| 球蛋白 GLB/(mmol/L) | 25.88±1.05 | 24.58±1.02 | 25.17±1.08 | 25.87±0.81 | 23.95±1.24 | 22.57±1.04 | 0.227 5 |
| 白球比A/G | 0.65±0.02 | 0.65±0.02 | 0.65±0.02 | 0.63±0.02 | 0.67±0.02 | 0.63±0.02 | 0.724 8 |
| 天冬氨酸氨 基转移酶 AST/(U/L) | 38.67±4.29 | 33.17±3.64 | 43.00±6.18 | 37.25±6.18 | 40.75±0.48 | 41.25±3.82 | 0.701 3 |
| 丙氨酸氨 基转移酶 ALT/(U/L) | 16.60±0.93a | 13.75±0.85ab | 11.83±1.14b | 14.50±0.87ab | 13.33±0.80b | 13.17±0.87b | 0.024 2 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/L) | 361.00±33.35b | 322.00±20.24b | 494.25±46.89ab | 457.25±20.67ab | 562.00±64.82ab | 734.00±43.85a | <0.000 1 |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(g/L) | 0.72±0.07 | 0.77±0.06 | 0.86±0.08 | 0.88±0.05 | 0.87±0.10 | 0.91±0.12 | 0.576 3 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(g/L) | 5.41±0.19a | 4.97±0.14ab | 5.08±0.30ab | 4.67±0.22bc | 4.55±0.31bc | 4.25±0.23c | 0.025 8 |
| 高密度脂 蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 3.49±0.20a | 3.05±0.12ab | 3.09±0.15ab | 3.23±0.25ab | 2.86±0.22b | 2.70±0.18b | 0.046 6 |
| 低密度脂 蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 1.29±0.06bc | 1.48±0.07b | 1.65±0.11a | 1.22±0.04c | 1.28±0.10bc | 1.22±0.10c | 0.005 0 |

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