1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 沙葱粉的营养成分含量Table 1 Nutrient contents of Allium mongolicum Regel powder % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 12.71 |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 10.47 |
| 干物质Dry matter | 93.40 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 22.34 |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract | 4.68 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 33.31 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 24.61 |
| 钙Calcium | 1.40 |
| 磷Phosphorus | 0.47 |
消化能和代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。 | |
DE and ME were calculated values, while the others were measured values. |
1.2 试验设计
表2 放牧后补饲精料的组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the supplemented concentrate after grazing (DM basis) % |
| 原料Ingredients | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 5.00 | 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 12.04 | |
| 玉米Corn | 50.00 | 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 9.87 | |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 5.00 | 干物质Dry matter | 86.84 | |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 3.00 | 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 14.89 | |
| 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay | 35.00 | 粗脂肪Ether extract | 2.19 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.50 | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 19.23 | |
| 碳酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.60 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 14.26 | |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 | 钙Calcium | 1.08 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.40 | 磷Phosphorus | 0.46 | |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
1)预混料为每千克精料提供The premix provided the following per kg of the concentrate:Fe 66 mg,Cu 18 mg,Zn 30 mg,Se 0.5 mg,I 0.5 mg,Co 0.25 mg,Mn 48 mg,VA 22 000 IU,VD 4 800 IU,VE 50 IU。 2)消化能和代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。DE and ME were calculated values, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集与指标测定
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 屠宰性能及内脏器官重量和相对重量
1.4.3 肉品质
1.4.4 瘤胃发酵参数
1.5 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊生长性能的影响
表3 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel powder and yeast preparation on growth performance of Tibetan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 18.54 | 18.71 | 18.78 | 0.72 | 0.992 |
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 20.95 | 22.04 | 21.11 | 0.95 | 0.187 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | |||||
| 第1~30天Days 1 to 30 | 100.31b | 124.13a | 111.11ab | 15.85 | 0.001 |
| 第31~60天Days 31 to 60 | 21.75b | 21.97b | 22.43a | 0.94 | 0.043 |
| 第61~75天Days 61 to 75 | -10.72ab | -1.27a | -32.79b | 7.12 | 0.027 |
| 第1~75天Days 1 to 75 | 32.08b | 52.24a | 32.96b | 7.39 | 0.001 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊屠宰性能的影响
表4 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel powder and yeast preparation on slaughter performance of Tibetan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重LWBS/kg | 18.57b | 22.00a | 21.70a | 0.57 | 0.001 |
| 胴体重Carcass weight/kg | 8.17b | 10.07a | 10.33a | 0.35 | <0.001 |
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage/% | 43.98 | 45.78 | 47.64 | 0.68 | 0.060 |
| GR值GR value/mm | 3.32 | 3.21 | 2.97 | 0.11 | 0.451 |
| 眼肌面积Loin muscle area/cm2 | 8.36b | 13.79a | 16.83a | 1.35 | 0.004 |
| 背膘厚度Backfat thickness/mm | 1.91 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.95 | 0.104 |
2.3 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊内脏器官重量和相对重量的影响
表5 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊内脏器官重量和相对重量的影响Table 5 Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel powder and yeast preparation on visceral organ weight and relative weight of Tibetan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 指标 Index | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 心脏 | 重量Weight/kg | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.345 |
| Heart | 相对重量Relative weight/% | 0.80 | 0.73 | 0.63 | 0.36 | 0.193 |
| 肝脏 | 重量Weight/kg | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 0.21 | 0.217 |
| Liver | 相对重量Relative weight/% | 1.87 | 1.73 | 2.00 | 0.78 | 0.397 |
| 肺脏 | 重量Weight/kg | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.170 |
| Lung | 相对重量Relative weight/% | 1.41 | 1.24 | 1.60 | 0.83 | 0.237 |
| 肾脏 | 重量Weight/kg | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.422 |
| Kidney | 相对重量Relative weight/% | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.386 |
| 脾脏 | 重量Weight/kg | 0.10a | 0.08ab | 0.06b | 0.01 | 0.016 |
| Spleen | 相对重量Relative weight/% | 0.52a | 0.35b | 0.26b | 0.41 | 0.003 |
2.4 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊肉品质的影响
表6 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊肉品质的影响Table 6 Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel powder and yeast preparation on meat quality of Tibetan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH45 min | 6.45 | 6.37 | 6.43 | 0.83 | 0.949 |
| 肉色Meat color | |||||
| 亮度L* | 50.97 | 50.83 | 50.45 | 0.18 | 0.539 |
| 红度a* | 6.69 | 8.92 | 6.67 | 0.49 | 0.074 |
| 黄度b* | 22.33 | 23.06 | 22.30 | 0.17 | 0.086 |
| 蒸煮损失Cooking loss/% | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.01 | 0.474 |
| 失水率Rate of water loss/% | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 0.135 |
| 剪切力Shear force/kgf | 6.30 | 7.23 | 6.34 | 0.30 | 0.411 |
2.5 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊瘤胃液pH和NH3-N浓度的影响
表7 沙葱粉和酵母制剂对藏羊瘤胃液pH和NH3-N浓度的影响Table 7 Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel powder and yeast preparation rumen fluid pH and NH3-N concentration of Tibetan sheep |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 试验Ⅰ组 Test group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Test group Ⅱ | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.11 | 6.77 | 7.04 | 0.06 | 0.122 |
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(mg/dL) | 8.21a | 7.01b | 6.49b | 0.22 | 0.001 |

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