1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 小麦秸秆营养成分(干物质基础)Table 1 Nutritional composition of wheat straw (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 有机物Organic matter | 89.17 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 67.33 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 46.69 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素Acid detergent lignin | 11.49 |
| 纤维素Cellulose | 34.58 |
| 半纤维素Hemicellulose | 21.52 |
1.2 试验设计
1.3 瘤胃体外发酵
1.3.1 供试动物及瘤胃液采集
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 全贮玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 40.20 |
| 羊草Chinese wildrye | 20.00 |
| 干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS | 3.79 |
| 玉米Corn | 20.73 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 4.35 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 9.34 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.48 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.53 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.58 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg)2) | 11.11 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 13.83 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 37.77 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 19.03 |
| 钙Ca | 0.61 |
| 磷P | 0.37 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:VA 4 210 IU,D-生物素 D-biotin 5 mg,VD3 750 IU,VE 35 IU,Fe 25 mg,Zn 46 mg,Mn 40 mg,Cu 10 mg,Co 0.36 mg,Se 0.30 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其他均为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.3.2 体外发酵培养
1.4 测定指标及方法
1.4.1 常规营养成分的测定
1.4.2 体外降解率指标
1.4.3 体外产气量及产气参数指标
1.4.4 体外瘤胃发酵指标
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 不同纤维素酶处理对小麦秸秆体外营养物质降解率的影响
表3 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外DMD的影响Table 3 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro DMD of wheat straw % |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 20 000 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 24 h干物质 降解率 24 h DMD | 0C | 17.55ab | 17.21ab | 17.79a | 15.21b | 18.80a | 0.91 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.80 | 0.06 |
| 15BC | 17.55b | 16.83b | 20.05ab | 17.50b | 20.15a | 0.04 | 0.77 | ||||||
| 30B | 17.55b | 17.51b | 20.82a | 18.40ab | 20.22a | 0.03 | 0.55 | ||||||
| 720A | 17.55b | 21.54a | 21.37a | 22.28a | 23.04a | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||||
| 48 h干物质 降解率 48 h DMD | 0C | 25.24abc | 22.28c | 27.38a | 24.15c | 26.02ab | 1.10 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.75 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 15B | 25.24c | 30.28b | 33.97a | 30.61b | 32.24ab | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 30AB | 25.24c | 28.72b | 34.92a | 33.46a | 32.48a | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 720A | 25.24b | 31.71a | 34.08a | 34.21a | 35.37a | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
同列数据肩标不同大写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。ST为处理时间的影响;L.和Q.分别为不同处理时间下添加水平的线性和二次效应;TL.和TQ.分别为添加水平的线性和二次效应;Int.为处理时间与添加水平的交互作用。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference(P<0.05); in the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05); while with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). ST was the effect of treatment time; L. and Q. were the linear and quadratic effect of supplemental level under different treatment time, respectively; TL. and TQ. were the linear and quadradic effect of supplemental level, respectively; Int. was the interaction between treatment time and supplemental level. The same as below. |
表4 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外NDFD的影响Table 4 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro NDFD of wheat straw % |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 20 000 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 24 h中性洗涤 纤维降解率 24 h NDFD | 0B | 14.11 | 15.42 | 15.07 | 15.55 | 15.82 | 0.99 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.73 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.45 |
| 15A | 14.11c | 15.20b | 17.35ab | 17.08ab | 19.60a | 0.01 | 0.91 | ||||||
| 30A | 14.11b | 15.07b | 18.35a | 18.32a | 18.25a | 0.01 | 0.15 | ||||||
| 720A | 14.11b | 17.80a | 17.68a | 18.83a | 19.61a | 0.01 | 0.22 | ||||||
| 48 h中性洗涤 纤维降解率 48 h NDFD | 0C | 23.65C | 24.06b | 25.12abc | 27.29ab | 28.30a | 1.32 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.59 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| 15B | 23.65c | 26.64b | 29.55b | 29.65b | 33.06a | 0.01 | 0.65 | ||||||
| 30B | 23.65c | 27.59b | 33.31a | 30.90a | 33.58a | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||||
| 720A | 23.65b | 31.98a | 33.79a | 34.51a | 33.34a | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
表5 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外ADFD的影响Table 5 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro ADFD of wheat straw % |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 20 000 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 24 h酸性洗涤 纤维降解率 24 h ADFD | 0B | 15.58 | 15.61 | 15.28 | 15.56 | 16.85 | 1.16 | 0.01 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
| 15A | 15.58c | 17.93bc | 19.80b | 15.54c | 21.43a | 0.02 | 0.83 | ||||||
| 30A | 15.58bc | 15.44c | 20.71a | 18.87b | 17.79c | 0.04 | 0.04 | ||||||
| 720A | 15.58b | 20.77a | 17.57ab | 18.71ab | 17.44b | 0.65 | 0.05 | ||||||
| 48 h酸性洗涤 纤维降解率 48 h ADFD | 0C | 24.30b | 24.21b | 27.51a | 28.96a | 30.38a | 1.27 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.78 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| 15B | 24.30c | 28.76b | 31.03ab | 31.21ab | 33.23a | 0.01 | 0.10 | ||||||
| 30AB | 24.30c | 28.80b | 34.24a | 32.05a | 35.05a | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||||
| 720A | 24.30c | 32.82ab | 31.80b | 33.44ab | 35.08a | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
表6 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外ADLD的影响Table 6 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro ADLD of wheat straw % |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 20 000 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 24 h酸性洗涤 木质素降解率 24 h ADLD | 0C | 8.49b | 8.61b | 16.43a | 8.25b | 9.11b | 1.43 | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 15BC | 8.49 | 11.18 | 12.27 | 8.88 | 10.71 | 0.64 | 0.25 | ||||||
| 30A | 8.49b | 11.73b | 14.37a | 10.94b | 14.50a | 0.15 | 0.38 | ||||||
| 720AB | 8.49b | 12.23ab | 12.56ab | 14.09a | 12.17ab | 0.05 | 0.07 | ||||||
| 48 h酸性洗涤 木质素降解率 48 h ADLD | 0C | 16.23b | 18.21b | 22.93a | 16.96b | 16.05b | 1.34 | 0.01 | 0.70 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 15C | 16.23b | 19.10ab | 19.00ab | 19.21ab | 20.18a | 0.07 | 0.49 | ||||||
| 30B | 16.23b | 17.94b | 23.91a | 24.25a | 24.92a | 0.01 | 0.13 | ||||||
| 720A | 16.23b | 26.16a | 23.59a | 25.10a | 26.75a | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||||
表7 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外HD的影响Table 7 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro HD of wheat straw % |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 20 000 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 24 h半纤维素 降解率 24 h HD | 0 | 8.92 | 10.86 | 12.80 | 13.08 | 11.14 | 1.65 | 0.62 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.60 | 0.34 |
| 15 | 8.92c | 8.23c | 11.03bc | 17.24a | 14.08ab | 0.01 | 0.80 | ||||||
| 30 | 8.92c | 11.34bc | 11.71bc | 15.01ab | 16.40a | 0.01 | 0.89 | ||||||
| 720 | 8.92b | 9.66b | 12.20ab | 11.74ab | 15.84a | 0.01 | 0.54 | ||||||
| 48 h半纤维素 降解率 48 h HD | 0B | 20.20 | 21.50 | 18.29 | 22.15 | 22.14 | 3.11 | 0.02 | 0.64 | 0.70 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.38 |
| 15AB | 20.20b | 20.35b | 24.74ab | 24.94ab | 30.75a | 0.01 | 0.54 | ||||||
| 30A | 20.20b | 22.84ab | 29.65a | 26.99ab | 28.92ab | 0.03 | 0.35 | ||||||
| 720A | 20.20b | 26.48ab | 32.75a | 30.48a | 24.20ab | 0.22 | 0.01 | ||||||
表8 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外CD的影响Table 8 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro CD of wheat straw % |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 24 h纤维素 降解率 24 h CD | 0C | 20.26 | 18.83 | 19.74 | 20.01 | 21.65 | 1.60 | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.38 | 0.07 |
| 15BC | 20.26b | 19.13b | 25.56a | 23.43ab | 21.11ab | 0.24 | 0.08 | ||||||
| 30AB | 20.26bc | 21.89abc | 24.31b | 19.60c | 26.44a | 0.05 | 0.59 | ||||||
| 720A | 20.26b | 26.08a | 23.45ab | 25.98a | 24.94a | 0.08 | 0.16 | ||||||
| 48 h纤维素 降解率 48 h CD | 0C | 29.15bc | 28.30c | 33.36ab | 34.82a | 37.21a | 1.81 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.64 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.36 |
| 15B | 29.15b | 33.24ab | 36.47a | 36.63a | 39.69a | 0.01 | 0.40 | ||||||
| 30AB | 29.15c | 34.23b | 39.24a | 36.26ab | 39.77a | 0.01 | 0.08 | ||||||
| 720A | 29.15b | 38.35a | 38.07a | 41.08a | 42.40a | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||||||
2.2 不同纤维素酶处理对体外发酵指标的影响
表9 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外pH的影响Table 9 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro pH of wheat straw |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 20 000 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 24 h pH | 0A | 6.72 | 6.72 | 6.72 | 6.70 | 6.72 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.50 | 0.85 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.03 |
| 15B | 6.72a | 6.72a | 6.69b | 6.70ab | 6.69b | 0.01 | 0.63 | ||||||
| 30C | 6.72a | 6.67bc | 6.67bc | 6.68b | 6.65c | 0.01 | 0.13 | ||||||
| 720AB | 6.72a | 6.72a | 6.71ab | 6.68b | 6.71ab | 0.06 | 0.39 | ||||||
| 48 h pH | 0A | 6.70ab | 6.72a | 6.69ab | 6.68b | 6.70ab | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.69 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.14 |
| 15A | 6.70 | 6.70 | 6.72 | 6.70 | 6.70 | 0.70 | 0.33 | ||||||
| 30B | 6.70ab | 6.68abc | 6.65c | 6.68b | 6.71a | 0.77 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 720AB | 6.70 | 6.71 | 6.69 | 6.68 | 6.68 | 0.03 | 0.69 | ||||||
表10 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外NH3-N浓度的影响Table 10 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro NH3-N concentration of wheat straw mg/dL |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 20 000 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 24 h氨态氮 24 h NH3-N | 0BC | 18.34 | 18.72 | 17.20 | 17.32 | 18.40 | 1.07 | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.45 | 0.99 | 0.51 | 0.21 |
| 15C | 18.34 | 16.50 | 18.15 | 17.45 | 18.72 | 0.61 | 0.34 | ||||||
| 30A | 18.34b | 20.61ab | 22.07a | 17.83b | 17.83b | 0.26 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 720A | 18.34 | 20.30 | 19.41 | 19.86 | 20.17 | 0.34 | 0.62 | ||||||
| 48 h氨态氮 48 h NH3-N | 0B | 24.28 | 21.19 | 22.64 | 23.02 | 23.97 | 1.31 | 0.01 | 0.77 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
| 15B | 24.28 | 23.97 | 23.72 | 24.35 | 21.69 | 0.25 | 0.43 | ||||||
| 30B | 24.28 | 19.86 | 22.77 | 24.92 | 22.64 | 0.66 | 0.47 | ||||||
| 720A | 24.28 | 25.23 | 22.77 | 26.06 | 29.22 | 0.01 | 0.04 | ||||||
表11 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外TVFA浓度及乙酸/丙酸的影响Table 11 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro TVFA concentration and A/P of wheat straw |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 20 000 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 24 h总挥发性 脂肪酸 24 h TVFA/ (mmoL/L) | 0 | 40.95 | 42.94 | 43.29 | 43.49 | 43.79 | 2.12 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.66 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 1.00 |
| 15 | 40.95 | 44.87 | 45.77 | 45.63 | 44.67 | 0.23 | 0.18 | ||||||
| 30 | 40.95b | 45.08ab | 47.34a | 47.16a | 47.13a | 0.04 | 0.18 | ||||||
| 720 | 40.95b | 43.73ab | 47.07a | 46.94ab | 45.80ab | 0.06 | 0.16 | ||||||
| 48 h总挥发性 脂肪酸 48 h TVFA/ (mmoL/L) | 0B | 52.45 | 53.04 | 53.44 | 54.09 | 53.81 | 1.85 | 0.04 | 0.47 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.99 |
| 15AB | 52.45 | 55.00 | 55.84 | 55.46 | 54.28 | 0.43 | 0.17 | ||||||
| 30A | 52.45b | 55.50ab | 57.49a | 57.61a | 57.16a | 0.03 | 0.16 | ||||||
| 720A | 52.45 | 56.35 | 57.04 | 56.89 | 56.74 | 0.09 | 0.15 | ||||||
| 24 h乙酸/丙酸 24 h A/P | 0 | 2.76 | 2.73 | 2.50 | 2.59 | 2.59 | 0.15 | 0.61 | 0.32 | 0.50 | 0.53 | 0.22 | 1.00 |
| 15 | 2.76 | 2.77 | 2.60 | 2.61 | 2.81 | 0.90 | 0.33 | ||||||
| 30 | 2.76 | 2.73 | 2.75 | 2.71 | 2.86 | 0.69 | 0.58 | ||||||
| 720 | 2.76 | 2.71 | 2.64 | 2.68 | 2.65 | 0.60 | 0.79 | ||||||
| 48 h乙酸/丙酸 48 h A/P | 0 | 3.16 | 2.93 | 2.79 | 2.97 | 2.88 | 0.26 | 0.78 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 1.00 |
| 15 | 3.16 | 3.04 | 2.89 | 3.02 | 3.02 | 0.73 | 0.59 | ||||||
| 30 | 3.16 | 3.18 | 3.06 | 3.05 | 3.08 | 0.73 | 0.90 | ||||||
| 720 | 3.16 | 3.10 | 3.07 | 3.04 | 3.03 | 0.70 | 0.92 | ||||||
2.3 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体产气参数的影响
表12 不同纤维素酶处理时间和添加水平对小麦秸秆体外产气参数的影响Table 12 Effects of different treatment time and supplemental levels of cellulase on in vitro gas production parameters of wheat straw |
| 项目 Items | 处理时间 Treatment time/min | 添加水平Supplemental level/(U/kg) | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 20 000 | ST. | L. | Q. | TL. | TQ. | Int. | |||
| 48 h产气量 48 h gas production/mL | 0B | 40.53d | 44.70d | 58.77c | 72.58b | 81.17a | 1.93 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 15D | 40.53c | 38.33c | 45.45b | 48.61ab | 51.96a | 0.01 | 0.23 | ||||||
| 30A | 40.53d | 59.51c | 87.83a | 78.10b | 42.63d | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 720C | 40.53d | 46.33c | 54.24b | 56.11b | 71.25a | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||||||
| B/mL | 0B | 50.56b | 52.06ab | 54.93ab | 61.54a | 60.94a | 2.85 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.96 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.12 |
| 15A | 50.56b | 63.85a | 65.01a | 68.39a | 65.90a | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 30A | 50.56b | 56.49b | 70.55a | 67.05a | 65.79a | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 720A | 50.56b | 64.78a | 71.18a | 68.18a | 71.59a | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| c/(mL/h) | 0C | 0.92 | 0.94 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.59 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.11 |
| 15B | 0.92c | 1.04b | 1.16ab | 1.13ab | 1.22a | 0.01 | 0.24 | ||||||
| 30AB | 0.92c | 1.04c | 1.33a | 1.17bc | 1.25ab | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| 720A | 0.92c | 1.10b | 1.33a | 1.23ab | 1.27a | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
B为理论产气量,c为产气速率。 | |
B was the theoretical gas production, and c was the gas production rate. |

京公网安备 11010802041926号