动物营养学报 >

2023 , Vol. 35 >Issue 5: 2859 - 2866

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2023.268

研究论文

苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响

  • 张森 , 1 ,
  • 李成旭 2 ,
  • 王鹏飞 1 ,
  • 闫尊强 1 ,
  • 马艳萍 3 ,
  • 滚双宝 , 1, 4, *
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  • 1 甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,兰州 730070
  • 2 永登县动物卫生监督所,兰州 730300
  • 3 甘肃农业大学图书馆,兰州 730070
  • 4 甘肃现代养猪工程技术研究中心,兰州 730070
*滚双宝,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:

张 森(1999—),男,甘肃靖远人,硕士研究生,从事猪生产研究。E-mail:

Copy editor: 武海龙

收稿日期: 2022-10-18

  网络出版日期: 2023-05-11

基金资助

甘肃省科技创新项目(GSSYLXM-02)

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Effects of Alfalfa Processing Dust on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Economic Efficiency of Fattening Pigs

  • ZHANG Sen , 1 ,
  • LI Chengxu 2 ,
  • WANG Pengfei 1 ,
  • YAN Zunqiang 1 ,
  • MA Yanping 3 ,
  • GUN Shuangbao , 1, 4, *
Expand
  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • 2 Animal Health Inspection of Yongdeng County, Lanzhou 730300, China
  • 3 Gansu Agricultural University Library, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • 4 Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China
*professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2022-10-18

  Online published: 2023-05-11

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摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响,探讨其在育肥猪上的应用效果。选取平均体重为(30.32±1.46) kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪48头,按性别、体重基本一致的原则随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加2%、4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘的饲粮。试验期82 d,分为育肥前期(1~41 d)和育肥后期(42~82 d)2个阶段。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,2%苜蓿加工粉尘组育肥后期和育肥全期平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)差异不显著(P>0.05),育肥前期ADFI显著降低了10.13%(P<0.05),育肥前期ADG和F/G分别降低了6.85%和3.53%(P>0.05);4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘组育肥前期、育肥后期和育肥全期ADG、ADFI和F/G差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,2%、4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘组瘦肉率分别增加了0.60%、1.50%和2.45%(P>0.05);各组之间宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、胴体直长、胴体斜长、骨率、皮率、肥肉率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各组之间肌肉大理石纹评分、失水率、剪切力、亮度值、红度值、黄度值、熟肉率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,育肥前期,2%、4%苜蓿加工粉尘组饲料增重成本分别降低了0.48、0.65元/kg(P>0.05),6%苜蓿加工粉尘组显著降低了0.83元/kg(P<0.05);育肥后期,2%、4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘组饲料增重成本分别降低了0.03、0.02、0.37元/kg(P>0.05);育肥全期,2%、4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘组饲料增重成本分别降低了0.18、0.36、0.57元/kg(P>0.05)。综上可知,饲粮中添加2%~6%苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质无负面影响,同时还可提高胴体瘦肉率,其中饲粮中添加6%苜蓿加工粉尘可最大程度降低饲料成本。

关键词： 苜蓿加工粉尘; 育肥猪; 非常规饲料; 生长性能; 胴体性状; 肉品质

本文引用格式

张森 , 李成旭 , 王鹏飞 , 闫尊强 , 马艳萍 , 滚双宝 . 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2023 , 35(5) : 2859 -2866 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2023.268

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary alfalfa processing dust on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and economic efficiency of fattening pigs, and to explore its application effect on fattening pigs. Forty-eight “Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire” ternary crossbred pigs with an average weight of (30.32±1.46) kg were selected and randomly divided into four groups with three replicates per group and four pigs per replicate according to the principle of gender and weight consistency. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemental with 2%, 4% and 6% alfalfa processed dust, respectively. The trial period was 82 d, which divided into two stages: early fattening stage (1 to 41 d) and late fattening stage (42 to 82 d). The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group, the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) in late fattening stage and while fattening stage of 2% alfalfa processed dust group were no significant difference (P>0.05), the ADFI in early fattening stage was significantly decreased by 10.13%(P<0.05), and the ADG and F/G in early fattening stage were decreased by 6.85% and 3.53% (P>0.05); the ADG, ADFI and F/G in early fattening stage, late fattening stage and whole fattening stage of 4% and 6% alfalfa processed dust groups were no significant difference (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the lean meat percentage of 2%, 4% and 6% alfalfa processed dust groups was increased by 0.60%, 1.50% and 2.45% (P>0.05); there were no significant differences in live weight before slaughter, carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, carcass straight length, carcass oblique length, bone percentage, skin percentage and fat meat percentage among all groups (P>0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in marbling score, water lose percentage, shear force, brightness value, redness value, yellowness value, cooked meat percentage among all groups (P>0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, in early fattening stage, the feed weight gain cost of 2% and 4% alfalfa processing dust groups was decreased by 0.48 and 0.65 RMB/kg (P>0.05), and the 6% alfalfa processing dust group was significantly decreased by 0.83 RMB/kg (P<0.05); in later fattening stage, the feed weight gain cost of 2%, 4% and 6% alfalfa processing dust groups was decreased by 0.03, 0.02 and 0.37 RMB/kg (P>0.05); in whole fattening stage, the feed weight gain cost of 2%, 4% and 6% alfalfa processing dust groups was decreased by 0.18, 0.36 and 0.57 RMB/kg (P>0.05). In summary, the dietary 2% to 6% alfalfa processing dust have no negative effects on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of fattening pigs, and it can also improve the carcass lean percentage, the 6% alfalfa processing dust supplemental level can reduce feed cost in the maximum extent.

Key words： alfalfa processing dust; fattening pigs; non-conventional feeds; growth performance; carcass traits; meat quality

近年来,随着我国畜禽产品消费快速增长和畜牧业蓬勃发展,饲料原料的需求日益旺盛,“人畜争粮”矛盾日益突出[1],饲料原料价格上涨导致养殖成本逐年增加。合理开发利用非常规饲料、降低成本已迫在眉睫。苜蓿营养价值高,蛋白质含量在17%以上,被誉为“牧草之王”,2020年我国苜蓿总产量达400万t[2]。据调研,在苜蓿产品加工过程中产生的苜蓿加工粉尘约占苜蓿产品加工量的10%,仅在甘肃省年产量就达10万余t,大多因没有合理的利用途经而被废弃。随着苜蓿产品加工规模的不断扩大,产生的苜蓿加工粉尘也逐渐增多,由此造成的资源浪费和环境污染问题也日益严重。国内在开发非常规饲料方面已有大量研究,如在饲粮中合理添加桑叶粉[3]、茶叶渣[4]、葡萄渣[5]等,在畜禽生产中已得到应用。研究表明,苜蓿及其加工产品已被广泛用于畜禽生产中[6⇓⇓-9]。但是,有关苜蓿加工粉尘有无饲用价值、能否在育肥猪产生中应用尚未见报道。因此,本试验在育肥猪饲粮中添加不同水平的苜蓿加工粉尘,研究其对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响,为苜蓿加工粉尘在育肥猪饲粮中合理应用提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

苜蓿加工粉尘由武威市某草产品加工企业提供,经测定,其常规营养水平见表1。
表1 苜蓿加工粉尘常规营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Conventional nutrient levels of alfalfa processing dust (air-dry basis) %

项目Items 含量Content
干物质DM 94.05
粗蛋白质CP 14.08
粗脂肪EE 5.33
粗纤维CF 25.71
中性洗涤纤维NDF 42.83
酸性洗涤纤维ADF 26.99
粗灰分Ash 30.03
钙Ca 3.38
磷P 0.50

1.2 试验设计与饲粮

采用单因素试验设计,选取平均体重为(30.32±1.46) kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪48头,按性别、体重基本一致的原则随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加苜蓿加工粉尘),试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加2%、4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘的饲粮。试验期82 d,分为育肥前期(1~41 d)和育肥后期(42~81 d)。试验饲粮参照《猪饲养标准》(NY/T 65—2004)配制,其组成及营养水平见表2。试验饲粮均制成直径为3.00 mm的颗粒料。
表2 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis) %

项目
Items		 育肥前期Early fattening stage 育肥后期Late fattening stage
苜蓿加工粉尘添加水平
Alfalfa processing dust
supplemental level/%		 苜蓿加工粉尘添加水平
Alfalfa processing dust
supplemental level/%
0(对照
Control)		 2 4 6 0(对照
Control)		 2 4 6
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 64.00 64.10 64.20 64.30 66.00 66.10 66.20 66.30
豆粕Soybean meal 25.00 25.20 25.40 25.60 22.00 22.20 22.40 22.60
麸皮Wheat bran 7.00 4.70 2.40 0.10 8.00 5.70 3.40 1.10
苜蓿加工粉尘Alfalfa processing dust 2.00 4.00 6.00 2.00 4.00 6.00
预混料Premix1) 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
合计Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
干物质DM 84.37 84.46 84.95 84.68 84.30 84.00 84.42 85.43
粗灰分Ash 4.38 4.95 4.92 4.44 4.49 4.35 4.31 3.79
粗蛋白质CP 14.95 15.15 15.21 14.80 15.35 15.73 15.72 15.58
粗脂肪EE 1.98 1.99 1.87 2.01 1.94 1.90 1.80 1.85
粗纤维CF 2.58 2.76 3.05 3.22 2.73 2.96 3.04 3.25
食盐NaCl 0.17 0.18 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.19
钙Ca 1.24 1.23 1.18 1.22 1.24 1.24 1.22 1.20
磷P 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.74 0.76
消化能DE/(MJ/kg) 13.47 13.45 13.44 13.43 13.42 13.40 13.39 13.38

1)每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of premix contained the following:育肥前期 early fattening stage,VA 100 000 IU,VD3 30 000 IU,VE 300 mg,VK3 30 mg,VB1 25 mg,VB2 60 mg,VB6 25 mg,VB12 0.2 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 190 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 250 mg,叶酸 folic acid 12 mg,生物素 biotin 0.6 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 200 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 2 000 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 1 000 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 500 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 3 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 3 mg,Ca 80 g,P 8 g,赖氨酸 lysine 20 g,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 5 g,氯化钠 NaCl 50 g;育肥后期 late fattening stage,VA 80 000 IU,VD3 25 000 IU,VE 250 mg,VK3 20 mg,VB1 25 mg,VB2 60 mg,VB6 25 mg,VB12 0.2 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 190 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 250 mg,叶酸 folic acid 10 mg,生物素 biotin 0.5 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 200 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 2 000 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 1 000 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 500 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 3 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 3 mg,Ca 80 g,P 3 g,赖氨酸 lysine 10 g,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 5 g,氯化钠 NaCl 50 g。

2)消化能为计算值,其余为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the others were measured values.

1.3 饲养管理

试验猪均不限量饲喂,自由采食和饮水,饲养于同一栋猪舍,免疫、驱虫、清洁和消毒工作按猪场常规程序进行。

1.4 样品采集与指标测定

1.4.1 生长性能测定

于试验第1天、第42天和第82天上午对所有试验猪进行称重。根据记录的体重和采食量,计算各阶段平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G),计算公式如下:
ADG(kg/d)=(终末体重-初始体重)/试验天数;
ADFI(kg/d)=总采食量/试验天数;
F/G=ADFI/ADG。

1.4.2 胴体性状测定

饲养试验结束后,每个组取3头猪(每个重复1头)进行屠宰。参照《猪生产学实验实习指导》[10]相关方法测定宰前活重、胴体重、眼肌面积、胴体直长、胴体斜长、屠宰率、皮率、骨率、瘦肉率、肥肉率。

1.4.3 肉品质测定

采集屠宰猪背最长肌和腰大肌,参照《猪生产学实验实习指导》[10]相关方法测定肌肉大理石纹评分、失水率、剪切力、亮度值、红度值、黄度值、熟肉率。

1.5 数据处理与统计分析

试验数据采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),用LSD法进行多重比较,P<0.05为差异显著,结果用平均值±标准差表示。

2 结果

2.1 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪生长性能的影响

由表3可知,各组之间初始体重、中期体重和结束体重均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,2%苜蓿加工粉尘组育肥后期和育肥全期ADG、ADFI和F/G差异不显著(P>0.05),育肥前期ADFI显著降低了10.13%(P<0.05),育肥前期ADG和F/G分别降低了6.85%和3.53%(P>0.05);4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘组育肥前期、育肥后期和育肥全期ADG、ADFI和F/G差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表3 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪生长性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of alfalfa processing dust on growth performance of finishing pigs

项目
Items		 苜蓿加工粉尘添加水平
Alfalfa processing dust supplemental level/%
0(对照Control) 2 4 6
初始体重Initial body weight/kg 30.78±1.00 30.26±1.40 29.61±0.50 30.55±1.09
中期体重Middle body weight/kg 60.60±1.42 58.07±2.54 61.03±3.26 60.50±0.90
结束体重Final body weight/kg 93.53±3.40 91.27±5.46 93.17±1.18 93.56±1.52
育肥前期平均日增重ADG in early fattening stage/(kg/d) 0.73±0.02 0.68±0.03 0.77±0.09 0.73±0.01
育肥前期平均日采食量ADFI in early fattening stage/(kg/d) 2.27±0.09a 2.04±0.07b 2.28±0.17a 2.17±0.02ab
育肥前期料重比F/G in early fattening stage 3.12±0.17 3.01±0.06 2.99±0.15 2.97±0.04
育肥后期平均日增重ADG in late fattening stage/(kg/d) 0.80±0.10 0.81±0.08 0.78±0.05 0.81±0.02
育肥后期平均日采食量ADFI in late fattening stage/(kg/d) 2.98±0.37 3.04±0.28 2.98±0.25 3.02±0.26
育肥后期料重比F/G in late fattening stage 3.72±0.04 3.75±0.12 3.80±0.08 3.74±0.26
育肥全期平均日增重ADG in whole fattening stage/(kg/d) 0.77±0.04 0.74±0.05 0.78±0.02 0.77±0.02
育肥全期平均日采食量ADFI in whole fattening stage/(kg/d) 2.63±0.20 2.54±0.15 2.63±0.04 2.59±0.14
育肥全期料重比F/G in whole fattening stage 3.43±0.10 3.41±0.07 3.40±0.14 3.37±0.15

同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪胴体性状的影响

由表4可知,与对照组相比,2%、4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘组瘦肉率分别增加了0.60%、1.50%和2.45%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、胴体直长、胴体斜长、骨率、皮率、肥肉率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表4 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪胴体性状的影响

Table 4 Effects of alfalfa processing dust on carcass traits of finishing pigs

项目
Items		 苜蓿加工粉尘添加水平
Alfalfa processing dust supplemental level/%
0(对照Control) 2 4 6
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter/kg 96.00±1.73 95.00±2.00 94.33±0.58 94.67±1.53
胴体重Carcass weight/kg 73.24±0.57 72.53±1.42 71.73±1.78 72.60±0.59
屠宰率Dressing percentage/% 76.30±0.78 76.36±1.32 76.04±1.50 76.70±0.62
眼肌面积Eye muscle area/cm2 58.63±4.69 57.98±2.60 58.13±6.79 53.83±0.75
胴体直长Carcass straight length/cm 87.67±2.08 85.83±1.15 88.33±2.52 89.33±1.53
胴体斜长Carcass oblique length/cm 72.33±2.08 73.00±1.73 73.67±1.53 73.17±1.04
骨率Bone percentage/% 13.85±0.65 12.88±0.47 12.59±2.03 13.47±1.65
皮率Skin percentage/% 7.71±0.84 6.48±0.62 7.34±0.99 6.83±1.05
肥肉率Fat meat percentage/% 15.66±1.51 17.49±3.98 16.80±1.45 15.38±1.17
瘦肉率Lean meat percentage/% 62.78±2.68 63.15±4.23 63.72±2.95 64.32±3.29

2.3 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪肉品质的影响

由表5可知,各组之间肌肉大理石纹评分、失水率、剪切力、亮度值、红度值、黄度值、熟肉率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表5 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪肉品质的影响

Table 5 Effects of alfalfa processing dust on meat quality of finishing pigs

项目
Items		 苜蓿加工粉尘添加水平
Alfalfa processing dust supplemental level/%
0(对照Control) 2 4 6
大理石纹评分Marbling score 2.00±0.00 2.00±0.00 2.00±0.00 2.00±0.00
失水率Water lose percentage/% 24.11±0.52 24.28±1.21 23.78±0.05 23.93±0.05
剪切力Shear force/N 34.60±0.76 34.58±1.16 35.38±1.39 34.58±0.47
亮度值L* value 44.39±2.82 41.78±4.75 38.64±6.19 39.09±2.73
红度值a* value 20.41±1.11 17.52±2.98 16.78±2.65 17.36±2.98
黄度值b* value 9.30±0.86 7.82±1.58 6.88±2.45 7.23±1.77
熟肉率Cooked meat percentage/% 66.15±1.92 64.77±4.29 65.92±1.36 64.75±1.35

2.4 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪饲料增重成本的影响

由表6可知,与对照组相比,育肥前期,2%、4%%苜蓿加工粉尘组饲料增重成本分别降低了0.48、0.65元/kg(P>0.05),6%苜蓿加工粉尘组显著降低了0.83元/kg(P<0.05);育肥后期,2%、4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘组饲料增重成本分别降低了0.03、0.02、0.37元/kg(P>0.05);育肥全期,2%、4%、6%苜蓿加工粉尘组饲料增重成本分别降低了0.18、0.36、0.57元/kg(P>0.05)。
表6 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪饲料增重成本的影响 元/kg

Table 6 Effects of alfalfa processing dust on feed weight gain costs of finishing pigs (n=48)

项目
Items		 苜蓿加工粉尘添加水平
Alfalfa processing dust supplemental level/%
0(对照Control) 2 4 6
育肥前期饲料增重成本
Feed weight gain cost in early fattening stage		 9.99±0.55a 9.51±0.19ab 9.34±0.46ab 9.16±0.11b
育肥后期饲料增重成本
Feed weight gain cost in late fattening stage		 11.91±0.14 11.88±0.39 11.89±0.25 11.54±0.81
育肥全期饲料增重成本
Feed weight gain cost in whole fattening stage		 10.98±0.32 10.80±0.22 10.62±0.45 10.41±0.47

3 讨论

3.1 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪生长性能的影响

生长性能是评价饲粮营养状况及经济效益的重要指标。猪的肠道内有大量的纤维降解菌群,具有较强的纤维消化能力,育肥猪的肠道已经发育完全,能够很好地利用纤维性饲料[11]。因此,在养猪生产中应用非常规饲料原料,既缓解了目前饲料原料紧张的局面,还可在不影响F/G的前提下有效降低养殖生产成本。本研究中,尽管在育肥前期饲粮中添加2%苜蓿加工粉尘导致ADFI降低,但对F/G基本无影响,对整个试验期育肥猪生长性能无不良影响。

3.2 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪胴体性状的影响

胴体性状是衡量肉用畜禽体组织营养物质沉积的重要指标[12]。饲粮中纤维含量增加,可减少脂肪合成和沉积,提高胴体瘦肉率[13-14]。本研究中,各苜蓿加工粉尘组的瘦肉率相对于对照组都有所升高,且随着苜蓿加工粉尘添加水平的增加而升高,这可能是随着苜蓿加工粉尘添加水平的增加,导致饲粮中纤维含量增加,从而降低了脂肪的合成,因此瘦肉率升高。本研究中,饲粮中添加苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪屠宰率、眼肌面积、胴体直长、胴体斜长、骨率、皮率、肥肉率均无显著影响,表明在此添加水平范围内苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪胴体性状无不良影响。

3.3 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪肉品质的影响

肉品质是决定猪肉价值的重要因素。大理石纹是脂肪沉淀在肌肉中显现出红白相间的纹路,与肉的多汁性、风味以及嫩度有关[15]。肉色是消费者直观评价肉品好坏的重要指标,剪切力和失水率是评价肌肉嫩度的指标[16]。肉色评定指标包括亮度、红度和黄度值,其中红度是值影响肌肉颜色的主要因素,红度值越高,肌肉品质质量越佳,而亮度和黄度值是衡量肉色的辅助性指标,亮度和黄度值越低则肉品质越差[17]。熟肉率是衡量肌肉蛋白质在加热过程中变性凝固所失水分的重要指标,熟肉率越高,蒸煮损失水分越少,肉的保水性越好[18]。本研究中,饲粮中添加苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪的肉品质无显著影响,表明在此添加水平范围内苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪肉品质无不良影响。

3.4 苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪饲料增重成本的影响

苜蓿加工粉尘作为一种潜在的非常规饲料原料,其成本相较于常规饲料的成本较低,这使得苜蓿加工粉尘代替一定比例的常规饲料具有经济上的可能性。本试验结果表明,在育肥猪饲粮中添加6%苜蓿加工粉尘组饲料增重成本最低,表明用苜蓿加工粉尘代替育肥猪常规饲料原料可以很好地降低饲料成本,用苜蓿加工粉尘饲喂育肥猪将具有广阔的前景。

4 结论

饲粮中添加2%~6%苜蓿加工粉尘对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质无负面影响,同时还可提高胴体瘦肉率,其中6%苜蓿加工粉尘添加水平可最大程度降低饲料成本。

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