1 材料与方法
1.1 试验动物与试验设计
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 60.00 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 23.50 | ||
| 麸皮Bran | 3.00 | ||
| 菊花梗粉Chrysanthemum pedicel powder | 3.00 | ||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 2.00 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 6.00 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.50 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | ||
| 微量元素预混料Trace elements premix1) | 0.50 | ||
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.10 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.10 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.48 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.22 | ||
| 粗纤维CF | 4.05 | ||
| 钙Ca | 2.64 | ||
| 有效磷AP | 0.35 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.67 | ||
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.57 | ||
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.19 | ||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.61 | ||
| 维生素B1 VB1/(mg/kg) | 2.26 |
1)微量元素预混料和维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The trace elements premix and vitamin premix provided the following per kg of the diet: VA 9 000 IU,VD3 2 000 IU,VE 40 mg,VK3 0.8 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinic acid 30 mg,泛酸钙 pantothenate 11 mg,VB6 4.0 mg,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,VB12 (1%) 12 μg,Se 0.5 mg,Fe 80 mg,Mn 30 mg,Cu 4 mg,I 0.3 mg,Zn 0.3 mg。 2)维生素B1为实测值,其他营养水平为计算值。VB1 was a measured value, while the other nutrient levels were calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 繁殖性能
1.4.2 血清生殖激素指标
1.4.3 肠道组织形态
1.4.4 盲肠菌群结构
1.5 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮维生素B1添加水平对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能的影响
表2 饲粮维生素B1添加水平对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能的影响Table 2 Effects of dietary vitamin B1 supplemental level on reproductive performance of breeding geese during laying period % |
| 项目 Items | 维生素B1添加水平 Vitamin B1 supplemental level/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素B1 Vitamin B1 | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||||
| 0(对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||
| 种蛋合格率 Qualified rate of breeding eggs | 99.51 | 99.28 | 97.85 | 98.82 | 97.65 | 98.67 | 0.38 | 0.689 | 0.321 | 0.411 |
| 种蛋受精率 Fertilization rate of breeding eggs | 91.67 | 93.33 | 94.67 | 96.00 | 90.67 | 92.00 | 0.93 | 0.604 | 0.800 | 0.198 |
| 种蛋孵化率 Hatchability rate of breeding eggs | 93.29 | 94.94 | 96.79 | 91.40 | 92.73 | 92.73 | 1.21 | 0.862 | 0.579 | 0.722 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮维生素B1添加水平对种鹅产蛋期血清生殖激素指标的影响
表3 饲粮维生素B1添加水平对产蛋期种鹅血清生殖激素指标的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary vitamin B1 supplemental level on serum reproductive hormone indices of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 维生素B1添加水平 Vitamin B1 supplemental level/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素B1 Vitamin B1 | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||||||||
| 0(对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||
| 催乳素PRL/(mIU/mL) | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.01 | 0.874 | 0.734 | 0.535 |
| 促黄体生成素 LH/(mIU/mL) | 8.94 | 7.92 | 8.49 | 8.97 | 9.54 | 6.43 | 0.36 | 0.155 | 0.306 | 0.179 |
| 雌二醇E2/(pg/mL) | 297.85 | 345.68 | 392.32 | 363.91 | 352.00 | 352.78 | 14.79 | 0.642 | 0.403 | 0.182 |
| 孕酮P4/(ng/mL) | 4.40b | 5.12b | 8.59a | 3.72b | 5.58b | 3.39b | 0.42 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.005 |
| 睾酮T/(pg/mL) | 63.26 | 70.12 | 71.48 | 71.46 | 71.60 | 65.56 | 1.29 | 0.261 | 0.539 | 0.020 |
| 促卵泡素FSH/(mIU/mL) | 2.33b | 2.89ab | 3.75a | 3.32a | 3.08ab | 2.97ab | 0.12 | 0.026 | 0.171 | 0.004 |
2.3 饲粮维生素B1添加水平对种鹅肠道组织形态的影响
表4 饲粮维生素B1添加水平对产蛋期种鹅肠道组织结构的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary vitamin B1 supplemental level on intestinal tissue structure of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 维生素B1添加水平 Vitamin B1 supplemental level/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 维生素B1 Vitamin B1 | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||||||||||||||||||
| 0(对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
| 十二指肠Duodenum | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 992.24 | 1 015.51 | 1 146.52 | 1 064.81 | 891.36 | 940.64 | 28.76 | 0.115 | 0.183 | 0.072 | |||||||||||
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 143.90 | 133.35 | 125.85 | 126.80 | 129.56 | 137.58 | 2.21 | 0.116 | 0.299 | 0.008 | |||||||||||
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度 Villus height/crypt depth | 6.93 | 7.61 | 9.10 | 8.43 | 6.89 | 6.87 | 0.28 | 0.056 | 0.501 | 0.009 | |||||||||||
| 空肠Jejunum | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 808.63 | 831.08 | 984.62 | 843.58 | 746.61 | 697.24 | 29.48 | 0.062 | 0.073 | 0.025 | |||||||||||
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 131.70 | 127.69 | 116.51 | 122.84 | 133.39 | 141.58 | 2.74 | 0.102 | 0.150 | 0.015 | |||||||||||
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度 Villus height /crypt depth | 6.14bc | 6.50bc | 8.56a | 6.86ab | 5.60abc | 4.94c | 0.33 | 0.008 | 0.038 | 0.003 | |||||||||||
| 回肠Ileum | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 598.67 | 684.75 | 800.47 | 726.08 | 689.55 | 646.55 | 21.86 | 0.112 | 0.647 | 0.011 | |||||||||||
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 146.38 | 141.46 | 132.74 | 146.88 | 150.52 | 150.52 | 2.17 | 0.124 | 0.131 | 0.103 | |||||||||||
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度 Villus height /crypt depth | 4.13b | 4.85ab | 6.04a | 4.94ab | 4.58b | 4.30b | 0.19 | 0.030 | 0.730 | 0.005 | |||||||||||
图1 饲粮维生素B1添加水平对产蛋期种鹅十二指肠形态结构的影响Fig.1 Effects of dietary vitamin B1 supplemental level on duodenum morphology of breeding geese during laying period (40×) |
图2 饲粮维生素B1添加水平对产蛋期种鹅回肠形态结构的影响Fig.2 Effects of dietary vitamin B1 supplemental level on ileum morphology of breeding geese during laying period (40×) |
2.4 饲粮维生素B1添加水平对产蛋期种鹅盲肠菌群结构的影响
2.4.1 α多样性指数
表5 盲肠菌群α多样性Table 5 Cecum flora α diversity |
| 项目 Items | 维生素B1添加水平 Vitamin B1 supplemental level/(mg/kg) | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 2 | |||
| Sobs指数Sobs index | 629.0 | 689.4 | 26.25 | 0.26 |
| Chao指数Chao index | 686.6 | 739.9 | 23.40 | 0.28 |
| Ace指数Ace index | 710.9 | 778.4 | 28.63 | 0.26 |
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 4.35 | 4.16 | 0.62 | 0.14 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.11 |
| Invsimpson指数Invsimpson index | 32.31a | 21.97b | 2.64 | 0.04 |
| 覆盖度指数Coverage index | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.36 |
2.4.2 盲肠内容物有效操作分类单元(OTU)数目统计
2.4.3 盲肠菌群高通量测序的差异分析
2.4.3.1 Metastats分析
图5 科水平差异物种比较箱图Campylobacteraceac:弯曲杆菌科;Cellulomonadaceae:纤维单胞菌科;Methylobacteriaceae:甲基杆菌科。 Fig.5 Comparison box diagram of differential species at family level |

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