1 材料与方法
1.1 金银花化学成分及作用靶点数据来源
1.2 炎症相关靶点获取
1.3 金银花-炎症交集靶点确定
1.4 蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络构建
1.5 基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析
1.6 分子对接
2 结果
2.1 金银花有效成分和作用靶点获取结果
表1 金银花的有效成分Table 1 Effective components in Lonicerae japonicae flos |
| 分子编号 Numerator number | 中文名称 Chinese name | 英文名称 English name | 口服生物利用度 OB/% | 类药性 DL | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MOL001494 | 亚油酸乙酯 | mandenol | 42 | 0.19 | |||||
| MOL001495 | 亚麻酸乙酯 | ethyl linolenate | 46.1 | 0.2 | |||||
| MOL002707 | 六氢番茄红素 | phytofluene | 43.18 | 0.5 | |||||
| MOL002914 | 黄烷酮 | eriodyctiol (flavanone) | 41.35 | 0.24 | |||||
| MOL003006 | (-)(3R,8S,9R,9aS,10aS)-9-ethenyl-8-(beta-D- glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3,9,9a,10,10a-hexahydro-5- oxo-5H,8H-pyrano[4,3-d]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-3- carboxylic acid_qt | 87.47 | 0.23 | ||||||
| MOL003014 | scologanic dibutylacetal_qt | 53.65 | 0.29 | ||||||
| MOL002773 | β-胡萝卜素 | beta-carotene | 37.18 | 0.58 | |||||
| MOL003036 | ZINC03978781 | 43.83 | 0.76 | ||||||
| MOL003044 | 金圣草(黄)素 | chryseriol | 35.85 | 0.27 | |||||
| MOL003059 | β-隐黄素 | cryptoxanthin | 47.25 | 0.57 | |||||
| MOL003062 | 4,5’-retro-.beta.,.beta.-arotene-3,3’-dione, 4’,5’-didehydro- | 31.22 | 0.55 | ||||||
| MOL003095 | 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)chromone | 51.96 | 0.41 | ||||||
| MOL003101 | 7-epi-vogeloside | 46.13 | 0.58 | ||||||
| MOL003108 | caeruloside C | 55.64 | 0.73 | ||||||
| MOL003111 | centauroside_qt | 55.79 | 0.5 | ||||||
| MOL003117 | loniceracetalides B_qt | 61.19 | 0.19 | ||||||
| MOL003124 | xylostosidine | 43.17 | 0.64 | ||||||
| MOL003128 | dinethylsecologanoside | 48.46 | 0.48 | ||||||
| MOL000358 | β-谷甾醇 | beta-sitosterol | 36.91 | 0.75 | |||||
| MOL000422 | 山奈酚 | kaempferol | 41.88 | 0.24 | |||||
| MOL000449 | 豆甾醇 | stigmasterol | 43.83 | 0.76 | |||||
| MOL000006 | 木樨草素 | luteolin | 36.16 | 0.25 | |||||
| MOL000098 | 槲皮素 | quercetin | 46.43 | 0.28 |
2.2 金银花有效成分-靶点构建
图1 金银花有效成分-靶点图 MAPK14:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶14 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14;IRF1:干扰素调节因子1 interferon regulatory factor 1;IL-6:白细胞介素-6 interleukin-6;IL-1β:白细胞介素-1β interleukin-1β;IL-1α:白细胞介素-1α interleukin-1α;IL-10:白细胞介素-10 interleukin-10;IFNG:干扰素-γ interferon-gamma;ICAM1:细胞间黏附分子1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1;HSP90AA1:热休克蛋白HSP 90-alpha成员A1 heat shock protein 90-alpha, member A1;HMOX1:血红素加氧酶1 heme oxygenase 1;HIF1A:缺氧诱导因子1α hypoxia-inducible factor 1α;EGFR:表皮生长因子受体 epidermal growth factor receptor;CYP1A1:细胞色素P450家族1亚家族A多肽1 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1;CXCL:趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand;CTNNB1:连环蛋白β1 catenin beta-1;CRP:C反应蛋白 C-reactive protein;CDKN1A:细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A;CD40LG:CD40配体 CD40 ligand;CCL2:CC基序趋化因子配体2 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2;BIRC5:含杆状病毒凋亡抑制蛋白重复序列蛋白5 baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5;APP:淀粉样前体蛋白 amyloid precursor protein;AKT1:丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶1 serine threonine protein kinase 1;VEGFA:血管内皮生长因子A vascular endothelial growth factor A;TP53:肿瘤蛋白p53 tumor protein p53;TNF:肿瘤坏死因子 tumor necrosis factor;THBD:血栓调节蛋白 thrombomodulin;TGFB1:转化生长因子β1 transforming growth factor beta 1;SPP1:分泌型焦磷酸蛋白1 secreted phosphoprotein 1;SERPINE1:丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制蛋白E1 Serpin family E member 1;SELE:选择素E selectin E;RELA:转录因子p65 transcription factor p65;PTGS2:前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2;PTGES:前列腺素E合成酶 prostaglandin E synthase;PPARG:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma;PPARA:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha;PLAU:尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物 plasminogen activator, urokinase;PLAT:组织型纤溶酶原激活物 plasminogen activator, tissue;PGR:孕酮受体 progesterone receptor;PARP1:聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶1 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1;NR3C2:核受体亚家族3 C组成员2 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2;NR3C1:核受体亚家族3 C组成员1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1;NOS:一氧化氮合酶 nitric oxide synthase;NFE2L2:核因子红细胞衍生2样2 nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2;MPO:髓过氧化物酶 myeloperoxidase;MMP:基质金属蛋白酶 matrix metalloproteinase。 Fig.1 Effective components-targets diagram of Lonicerae japonicae flos Positive diamond nodes represented active components, and circular nodes represented targets. |
2.3 交集靶点筛选及PPI网络构建
图2 金银花有效成分靶点-炎症靶点韦恩图Fig.2 Venn diagram of effective component targets of Lonicerae japonicae flos and inflammatory targets |
图3 金银花炎症潜在靶点PPI网络图Fig.3 PPI network diagram of potential targets of Lonicerae japonicae flos and inflammation |
表2 核心靶点的基本信息Table 2 Basic information of core targets |
| 蛋白质编号 Protein ID | 名称 Names | 中文名 Chinese names | 蛋白质类别 Protein type | 度值 Degree value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P01375 | TNF | 肿瘤坏死因子 | 信号分子 | 49 | |||||
| P05231 | IL-6 | 白细胞介素-6 | 无 | 44 | |||||
| P31749 | AKT1 | 丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶1 | 激酶 | 43 | |||||
| P01584 | IL-1β | 白细胞介素-1β | 无 | 43 | |||||
| P335354 | PTGS2 | 前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2 | 氧化还原酶 | 41 | |||||
| P22301 | IL-10 | 白细胞介素-10 | 无 | 41 | |||||
| P10145 | CXCL8 | 趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体8 | 信号分子 | 40 | |||||
| P14780 | MMP9 | 基质金属蛋白酶9 | 氧化还原酶 | 39 | |||||
| P05362 | ICAM1 | 细胞间黏附分子1 | 无 | 38 | |||||
| P04637 | TP53 | 肿瘤蛋白p53 | 转录因子 | 37 | |||||
| P05121 | SERPINE1 | 丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制蛋白E1 | 酶调节剂 | 36 | |||||
| P13500 | CCL2 | CC基序趋化因子配体2 | 信号分子 | 35 | |||||
| P15692 | VEGFA | 血管内皮生长因子 | 信号分子 | 34 | |||||
| P15692 | CTNNB1 | 连环蛋白β1 | 无 | 33 | |||||
| Q04206 | RELA | 转录因子p65 | 转录因子 | 33 | |||||
| P00533 | EGFR | 表皮生长因子受体 | 激酶 | 32 | |||||
| P29475 | NOS3 | 一氧化氮合酶3 | 无 | 28 | |||||
| P02741 | CRP | C反应蛋白 | 无 | 28 |
2.4 GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析
2.4.1 GO功能富集分析
2.4.2 KEGG通路富集分析
2.5 金银花-有效成分-炎症靶点-通路网络图构建
图6 金银花-有效成分-炎症靶点-通路网络图Complement and coagulation cascades:补体与凝结级联;Apoptosis:细胞凋亡;Janus激酶-信号转导子与转录激活子信号通路 JAK-STAT signaling pathway;Necroptosis:细胞坏死性凋亡;T cell receptor signaling pathway:T细胞受体信号通路;PI3K-Akt signaling pathway:磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶-蛋白激酶B信号通路;Th17 cell differentiation:Th17细胞分化;Sphingolipid signaling pathway:鞘脂信号通路;Estrogen signaling pathway:雌激素信号通路;MAPK signaling pathway:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路;Apelin signaling pathway:爱帕琳肽信号通路;Intestinal immune network for IgA production:产免疫球蛋白A肠道免疫网络;RIG-Ⅰ-like receptor signaling pathway:视黄酸(维甲酸)诱导基因蛋白-Ⅰ样信号通路;NOD-like receptor signaling pathway:NOD样受体信号通路;Adipocytokine signaling pathway:脂肪细胞因子信号通路;Leukocyte transendothelial migration:白细胞跨内皮迁移;Chemokine signaling pathway:趋化因子信号通路;VEGF signaling pathway:血管内皮生长因子信号通路;FoxO signaling pathway:叉头转录因子O亚族蛋白信号通路;Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor:病毒蛋白与细胞因子和细胞因子受体的相互作用。 正六边形代表金银花有效成分,正中心的菱形节点代表金银花,正方形节点代表通路,圆形节点代表交集靶点;颜色越深,其富集基因越多。 Fig.6 Network diagram of the Lonicerae japonicae flos-effective component-inflammatory target-pathway The regular hexagon represented the effective component of Lonicerae japonicae flos, the diamond node in the center represented Lonicerae japonicae flos, the square node represented the pathway, and the circular node represented the intersection target; the darker the color, the more genes were enriched. |
2.6 分子对接结果
表3 槲皮素、木樨草素分别与核心靶点分子对接结果Table 3 Molecular docking results of core targets with quercetin and luteolin |
| 项目 Items | 靶点 Targets | 氢键结合数目 Number of binding hydrogen bonds | 结合自由能 Binding free energy/(kcal/mol) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNF | 5 | -6.07 | |||||
| ATK1 | 4 | -3.31 | |||||
| 槲皮素Quercetin | IL-6 | 2 | -1.95 | ||||
| IL-1β | 5 | -5.45 | |||||
| PTGS2 | 2 | -2.66 | |||||
| TNF | 3 | -4.97 | |||||
| ATK1 | 4 | -3.47 | |||||
| 木樨草素Luteolin | IL-6 | 2 | -2.22 | ||||
| IL-1β | 5 | -6.48 | |||||
| PTGS2 | 5 | -3.51 |
图7 槲皮素与核心靶点对接的最佳构象相互作用示意图A~E分别表示槲皮素与ATK1、PTGS2、TNF、IL-6和IL-1β的结合。 Fig.7 Schematic diagram of optimal conformational interaction of quercetin docking with core targets A to E represented the binding of quercetin with ATK1, PTGS2, TNF, IL-6 and IL-1β, respectively. |

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