1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物与基础饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 谷草Millet straw | 58.80 |
| 苜蓿Alfalfa hay | 2.96 |
| 燕麦草Oat grass | 8.08 |
| 玉米Corn | 14.72 |
| 大豆粕Soybean meal | 5.30 |
| 干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS | 3.30 |
| 亚麻仁饼Linseed cake | 5.30 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.12 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.12 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.50 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 |
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.50 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 10.95 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 10.04 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.24 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 54.71 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 30.98 |
| 钙Ca | 0.63 |
| 磷P | 0.29 |
1)每千克预混料中含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 1200 000 IU,VD3 500 000 IU,VE 5 000 IU,VK3 360 mg,VB1 70 mg,VB2 1 700 mg,VB6 180 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 4.4 g,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 3.4 g,VB12 6 mg,生物素 biotin 28 mg,叶酸 folic acid 300 mg,Fe 8 g,Cu 1.6 g,Zn 10 g,Mn 6 g,I 60 mg,Se 60 mg,Co 50 mg。 2)消化能为计算值,其余均为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 试验设计
1.4 瘤胃液采集及体外培养方法
1.5 测定指标与方法
1.6 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 黑沙蒿多糖对体外瘤胃发酵pH、NH3-N与BCP浓度、原虫数量及产气量的影响
表2 黑沙蒿多糖对体外瘤胃发酵pH、NH3-N与BCP浓度、原虫数量和产气量的影响Table 2 Effects of AOP on pH, NH3-N and BCP concentration, protozoa number and gas production of rumen fermentation in vitro |
| 项目 Items | pH | 氨态氮 NH3-N/ (mg/dL) | 菌体蛋白 BCP/ (mg/dL) | 原虫 Protozoa/ (×104个/mL) | 产气量 Gas production/ mL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 添加剂量(组名) Addition dose (group name)/% | |||||
| 0(C) | 6.355c | 17.970a | 13.536a | 20.491c | 80.467a |
| 0.10(AOP1) | 6.337bc | 18.613b | 14.740a | 19.021b | 83.287b |
| 0.20(AOP2) | 6.302b | 19.049d | 16.530bc | 18.414b | 84.383b |
| 0.30(AOP3) | 6.239a | 20.264e | 17.148b | 16.965a | 85.485b |
| 0.45(AOP4) | 6.312bc | 18.884c | 16.088bc | 17.863ab | 84.920b |
| 培养时间Culture time/h | |||||
| 3 | 6.596E | 27.114E | 15.840C | 13.734A | 41.395A |
| 6 | 6.203B | 14.743A | 17.096B | 21.351C | 63.421B |
| 9 | 6.337D | 21.057D | 14.882A | 26.706C | 85.251C |
| 12 | 6.282C | 16.051C | 15.363AB | 14.933AB | 99.164D |
| 24 | 6.128A | 15.814B | 14.861A | 16.029B | 129.310E |
| 均值标准误SEM | 0.017 | 0.391 | 0.385 | 0.446 | 0.816 |
| P值P-value | |||||
| 添加剂量Addition dose | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| 培养时间Culture time | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 添加剂量×培养时间Addition dose×culture time | 0.016 | 0.749 | 0.545 | 0.267 | 0.982 |
| 线性Linear | 0.003 | 0.013 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 二次Quadratic | 0.003 | 0.007 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.012 |
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示不同添加剂量间差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示不同培养时间间差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或大写字母以及无字母肩标表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 | |
In the same column, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference among different addition doses (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference among different culture time (P<0.05), while with the same small letter superscripts or capital letter superscripts and without letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as |
2.2 黑沙蒿多糖对体外瘤胃发酵VFA浓度的影响
表3 黑沙蒿多糖对体外瘤胃发酵VFA浓度的影响Table 3 Effects of AOP on VFA concentrations of rumen fermentation in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 乙酸 Acetic acid/ (mmol/L) | 丙酸 Propionic acid/ (mmol/L) | 丁酸 Butyric acid/ (mmol/L) | 异丁酸 Isobutyric acid/ (mmol/L) | 戊酸 Valeric acid/ (mmol/L) | 异戊酸 Isovaleric acid/ (mmol/L) | 总挥发性 脂肪酸 TVFA/ (mmol/L) | 乙酸/丙酸 Acetic acid/ propionic acid |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 添加剂量(组名) Addition dose (group name)/% | ||||||||
| 0(C) | 23.401c | 7.454c | 2.916 | 0.403c | 0.357d | 0.512c | 35.043 | 3.164c |
| 0.10(AOP1) | 22.588bc | 7.641bc | 2.954 | 0.416bc | 0.376c | 0.544b | 34.519 | 2.979b |
| 0.20(AOP2) | 21.753ab | 7.828ab | 2.967 | 0.417bc | 0.379bc | 0.543b | 33.890 | 2.809a |
| 0.30(AOP3) | 21.678a | 8.000a | 3.068 | 0.439a | 0.397a | 0.573a | 34.155 | 2.764a |
| 0.45(AOP4) | 22.213b | 7.820ab | 2.999 | 0.428ab | 0.386b | 0.547b | 34.391 | 2.892ab |
| 培养时间Culture time/h | ||||||||
| 3 | 12.146A | 4.010A | 1.292A | 0.292A | 0.191A | 0.357A | 18.289A | 3.030C |
| 6 | 21.253B | 6.808B | 2.538B | 0.300AB | 0.277B | 0.351AB | 31.529B | 3.139C |
| 9 | 23.235C | 8.105C | 3.179C | 0.407C | 0.375C | 0.516C | 35.817C | 2.870AB |
| 12 | 24.290D | 9.138D | 3.245CD | 0.408CD | 0.395D | 0.508C | 37.982D | 2.664A |
| 24 | 30.710C | 10.682E | 4.649E | 0.697E | 0.657E | 0.987D | 48.379E | 2.905B |
| 均值标准误SEM | 0.311 | 0.127 | 0.042 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.402 | 0.040 |
| P值P-value | ||||||||
| 添加剂量Addition dose | 0.001 | 0.035 | 0.124 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.332 | <0.001 |
| 培养时间Culture time | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 添加剂量×培养时间 Addition dose×culture time | 0.520 | 0.890 | 1.000 | 0.011 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.918 | 0.109 |
| 线性Linear | 0.003 | 0.012 | 0.051 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.236 | <0.001 |
| 二次Quadratic | 0.001 | 0.059 | 0.250 | 0.040 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.097 | <0.001 |
2.3 黑沙蒿多糖对体外瘤胃发酵SFAEI和MFAEI的影响
表4 黑沙蒿多糖对体外瘤胃发酵SFAEI和MFAEI的影响Table 4 Effects of AOP on SFAEI and MFAEI of rumen fermentation in vitro |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | AOP1 | AOP2 | AOP3 | AOP4 | 处理 Treatment | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 单项组合效应指数SFAEI | |||||||||
| 氨态氮浓度NH3-N concentration | 0.000a | 0.033ab | 0.056ab | 0.096b | 0.077ab | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.003 | 0.128 |
| 菌体蛋白浓度BCP concentration | 0.000a | 0.080b | 0.178c | 0.204c | 0.158bc | 0.019 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 产气量Gas production | 0.000 | 0.031 | 0.044 | 0.058 | 0.050 | 0.015 | 0.093 | 0.018 | 0.128 |
| 原虫数量Protozoa number | 0.000c | -0.080bc | -0.122ab | -0.209a | -0.149ab | 0.026 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 |
| 乙酸浓度Acetic acid concentration | 0.000b | -0.038ab | -0.078a | -0.080a | -0.055ab | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.007 |
| 丙酸浓度Propionic acid concentration | 0.000a | 0.024ab | 0.044ab | 0.067b | 0.047ab | 0.014 | 0.034 | 0.010 | 0.063 |
| 丁酸浓度Butyric acid concentration | 0.000 | 0.014 | 0.016 | 0.050 | 0.027 | 0.012 | 0.083 | 0.040 | 0.198 |
| 异丁酸浓度Isobutyric acid concentration | 0.000b | 0.031b | 0.035b | 0.084a | 0.058ab | 0.010 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.018 |
| 戊酸浓度Valeric acid concentration | 0.000c | 0.049bc | 0.058b | 0.099a | 0.073ab | 0.006 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 异戊酸浓度Isovaleric acid concentration | 0.000c | 0.055b | 0.055b | 0.104a | 0.061b | 0.005 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸浓度 TVFA concentration | 0.000 | 0.013 | -0.012 | -0.002 | 0.006 | 0.027 | 0.976 | 0.995 | 0.776 |
| 多项组合效应指数MFAEI | 0.000a | 0.019b | 0.025c | 0.043e | 0.032d | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示不同组间差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference among different groups (P<0.05), while with the same small letter superscripts or without letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). |

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