1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 全株玉米营养成分(干物质基础)Table 1 Nutrient composition of whole-plant corn (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 干物质DM/% FM | 31.36±3.34 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 8.07±0.57 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.75±0.68 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 4.88±0.63 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 56.24±2.11 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 19.59±1.48 |
| 可溶性碳水化合物WSC | 11.06±1.69 |
1.2 试验设计
1.3 指标测定
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同浓度没食子酸对全株玉米青贮营养成分和青贮品质的影响
表2 不同浓度没食子酸对全株玉米青贮营养成分和青贮品质的影响Table 2 Effects of different concentrations of gallic acid on nutrient composition and silage quality of whole-plant corn silage |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 没食子酸添加浓度Gallic acid supplemental concentration/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | ||
| 营养成分(干物质基础) Nutrient composition (DM basis)/% | ||||||
| 干物质DM | 27.70±0.07e | 30.23±0.11d | 30.40±0.16d | 30.86±0.10c | 31.08±0.14b | 31.55±0.07a |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 7.12±0.16d | 7.85±0.13c | 8.42±0.12b | 8.90±0.10a | 8.85±0.11a | 8.87±0.13a |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.81±0.05 | 3.75±0.06 | 3.76±0.06 | 3.78±0.08 | 3.77±0.08 | 3.76±0.06 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 5.15±0.11 | 5.15±0.12 | 5.22±0.12 | 5.21±0.12 | 5.13±0.11 | 5.05±0.10 |
| 可溶性碳水化合物WSC | 4.51±0.08d | 5.15±0.03c | 6.48±0.03a | 5.78±0.06b | 5.82±0.04b | 6.41±0.05a |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 52.12±1.23a | 48.20±0.99b | 45.02±0.96c | 41.79±0.97d | 41.82±0.96d | 41.88±0.96d |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 18.95±0.47a | 17.95±0.38b | 17.01±0.37c | 15.94±0.37d | 15.84±0.38d | 15.86±0.37d |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 2.95±0.24a | 2.66±0.06b | 2.63±0.05b | 2.65±0.04b | 2.66±0.03b | 2.67±0.05b |
| 纤维素CL | 16.00±0.37a | 15.29±0.21b | 14.39±0.40c | 13.29±0.40d | 13.18±0.36d | 13.20±0.40d |
| 半纤维素HCL | 33.17±0.76a | 30.25±1.29b | 28.00±1.32c | 25.85±1.08cd | 25.98±0.82cd | 26.02±1.24cd |
| 综纤维素HoC | 49.17±1.09a | 45.54±0.96b | 42.39±0.94c | 39.14±0.94d | 39.16±0.97d | 39.21±0.92d |
| 青贮品质Silage quality | ||||||
| pH | 3.72±0.04a | 3.69±0.02ab | 3.67±0.02ab | 3.65±0.03bc | 3.65±0.02bc | 3.62±0.01c |
| 乳酸LA/(μg/g) | 67.16±0.30d | 68.16±0.26c | 69.32±0.29b | 71.87±0.24a | 71.75±0.26a | 68.96±0.26b |
| 氨态氮/总氮NH3-N/TN/% | 5.74±0.27a | 4.71±0.20b | 4.13±0.19c | 3.58±0.20d | 3.67±0.22d | 3.64±0.25d |
| 费氏评分FS | 111.73±1.48d | 117.99±0.70c | 118.99±0.72c | 120.85±0.90b | 121.30±0.54b | 123.31±0.54a |
同行数据标注不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Values in the same row with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.2 不同浓度没食子酸对全株玉米青贮BDP和RFV的影响
2.3 全株玉米青贮品质指标间的相关性分析
图2 全株玉米青贮品质指标间相关性分析DM:干物质 dry matter;CP:粗蛋白质 crude protein;EE:粗脂肪 ether extract;Ash:粗灰分 crude ash;WSC:可溶性碳水化合物 water soluble carbohydrate;NDF:中性洗涤纤维 neutral detergent fiber;ADF:酸性洗涤纤维 acid detergent fiber;ADL:酸性洗涤木质素 acid detergent lignin;CL:纤维素 cellulose;HCL:半纤维素 hemicellulose;HoC:综纤维素 holocellulose;LA:乳酸 lactic acid;NH3-N/TN:氨态氮/总氮 ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen。 *表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01。* mean P<0.05, and ** mean P<0.01. Fig.2 Correlation analysis of quality indices of whole-plant corn silage |
2.4 全株玉米青贮品质的PCA
表3 主成分的特征值和贡献率Table 3 Eigenvalues and contribution rates of principal components |
| 项目 Items | 初始特征值方差 Variance of initial eigenvalues | 提取平方和载入方差 Extract square sum load variance | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/% | 累积贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate/% | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/% | 累积贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate/% | ||
| 第1主成分 Principal component 1 | 9.921 | 70.866 | 70.866 | 9.921 | 70.866 | 70.866 | |
| 第2主成分 Principal component 2 | 1.360 | 9.716 | 80.582 | 1.360 | 9.716 | 80.582 | |
| 第3主成分 Principal component 3 | 1.056 | 7.541 | 88.123 | 1.056 | 7.541 | 88.123 | |
表4 主成分对应的各特征向量和载荷矩阵Table 4 Eigenvectors and load matrices corresponding to principal components |
| 项目 Items | 第1主成分 Principal component 1 | 第2主成分 Principal component 2 | 第3主成分 Principal component 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM (x1) | -0.945 | -0.050 | -0.103 |
| 粗蛋白质CP (x2) | -0.983 | -0.030 | 0.080 |
| 粗脂肪EE (x3) | 0.168 | 0.443 | 0.838 |
| 粗灰分Ash (x4) | 0.072 | 0.916 | -0.213 |
| 可溶性碳水化合物WSC (x5) | -0.838 | 0.006 | -0.109 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF (x6) | 0.984 | -0.053 | -0.057 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF (x7) | 0.956 | 0.022 | 0.061 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL (x8) | 0.677 | -0.381 | 0.433 |
| 纤维素CL (x9) | 0.938 | 0.070 | 0.012 |
| 半纤维素HCL (x10) | 0.960 | -0.083 | -0.105 |
| 综纤维素HoC (x11) | 0.983 | -0.040 | -0.074 |
| pH (x12) | 0.800 | 0.359 | -0.172 |
| 乳酸LA (x13) | -0.800 | 0.178 | 0.169 |
| 氨态氮/总氮NH3-N/TN (x14) | 0.965 | -0.015 | -0.100 |
表5 各主成分得分和综合得分Table 5 Scores of each principal component and comprehensive score |
| 项目 Items | 第1主成分得分 Principal component 1 score (y1) | 第2主成分得分 Principal component 2 score (y2) | 第3主成分得分 Principal component 3 score (y3) | 综合得分 Comprehensive score (y) | 排序 Ranking | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照组Control group | 5.76 | -0.14 | 0.56 | 4.10±0.28a | 6 | |
| 没食子酸添加浓度 Gallic acid supplemental concentration/% | 0.1 | 2.07 | -0.02 | -0.84 | 1.40±0.19b | 5 |
| 0.3 | -0.41 | 0.61 | 0.64 | -0.28±0.28c | 4 | |
| 0.5 | -2.41 | 0.65 | 0.36 | -1.61±0.18d | 3 | |
| 0.7 | -2.44 | -0.02 | 0.42± | -1.69±0.33d | 2 | |
| 0.9 | -2.57 | -1.09 | 0.15 | -1.91±0.23d | 1 | |
综合得分数据标注不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Values of comprehensive score with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.5 不同浓度没食子酸对全株玉米青贮品质的聚类分析
图3 全株玉米青贮品质指标间聚类分析CK1~CK3为对照组样品,0.1%1~0.1%3为0.1%没食子酸添加组样品,0.3%1~0.3%3为0.3%没食子酸添加组样品,0.5%1~0.5%3为0.5%没食子酸添加组样品,0.7%1~0.7%3为0.7%没食子酸添加组样品,0.9%1~0.9%3为0.9%没食子酸添加组样品。 Fig.3 Cluster analysis of quality indices of whole-plant corn silage CK1 to CK3 were samples in the control group, 0.1%1 to 0.1%3 were samples in 0.1% gallic acid supplemental group, 0.3%1 to 0.3%3 were samples in 0.3% gallic acid supplemental group, 0.5%1 to 0.5%3 were samples in 0.5% gallic acid supplemental group, 0.7%1 to 0.7%3 were samples in 0.7% gallic acid supplemental group, and 0.9%1 to 0.9%3 were samples in 0.9% gallic acid supplemental group. |

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