1 酮病的危害
2 酮病的病理学变化
2.1 氧化应激
2.2 系统性炎症
2.3 肝脏脂质沉积
2.4 胰岛素抵抗
图1 奶牛酮病的病理学变化图片使用BioRender在线网站绘制(https://biorender.com/)。A为胰岛素抵抗,B为系统性炎症,C为肝功能障碍,D为酮病与肠道的关系,E为酮病与瘤胃的关系。VFA:挥发性脂肪酸;GLUT1:葡萄糖转运体1;GLUT4:葡萄糖转运体4;NEFA:非酯化脂肪酸;ROS:活性氧;RNS:活性氮;NF-κB:核因子-κB;TLR4:Toll样受体4;STAT-1:信号转导和转录激活因子-1;TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子-α;IL-6:白细胞介素-6;IL-12:白细胞介素-12;IL-1β:白细胞介素-1β;BHBA:β-羟丁酸;AcAc:乙酰乙酸;Ac:丙酮;VLDL:极低密度脂蛋白;TG:甘油三酯;CPT1A:肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1A;ApoB100:载脂蛋白B100。 Fig.1 Pathological changes of ketosis in dairy cows The image is drawn using the BioRender online website (https://biorender.com/). A is insulin resistance, B is systemic inflammation, C is liver dysfunction, D is the relationship between ketosis and the intestinal tract, and E is the relationship between ketosis and the rumen. VFA: volatile fatty acid; GLUT1: glucose transporter 1; GLUT4: glucose transporter 4; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acids; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; STAT-1: signal transduction and activation of transcription-1; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-12: interleukin-12; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; BHBA: β-hydroxybutyric acid; AcAc: acetoacetic acid; Ac: acetone; VLDL: very low density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride; CPT1A: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A; ApoB100: apolipoprotein B100. |

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