1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 5种废弃茶叶原料与新鲜皇竹草的营养成分含量(干物质基础)Table 1 Nutrient contents of five kinds of deposed tea materials and fresh Pennisetum sinese Roxb (DM basis)% |
| 项目 Items | 新鲜皇竹草 Fresh Pennisetum sinese Roxb | 废弃茶叶原料 Deposed tea materials | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 绿茶 Green tea | 红茶 Black tea | 普洱生茶 Pu-erh raw tea | 普洱熟茶 Pu-erh ripe tea | 白茶 White tea | ||
| 干物质 DM | 27.77 | 30.02 | 29.62 | 31.36 | 28.09 | 28.76 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 7.55 | 33.82 | 29.77 | 27.17 | 30.90 | 14.47 |
| 非蛋白氮 NPN | 3.06 | 9.81 | 8.41 | 8.93 | 7.26 | 4.81 |
| 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC | 10.29 | 4.18 | 7.80 | 4.47 | 0.44 | 8.49 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 52.39 | 33.66 | 33.79 | 26.04 | 44.83 | 33.93 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 30.74 | 8.13 | 14.03 | 7.74 | 36.84 | 18.55 |
1.2 试验设计
1.3 指标测定及方法
1.3.1 营养成分含量和发酵指标测定
1.3.2 微生物数量分析
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 添加不同废弃茶叶对皇竹草青贮营养成分含量的影响
表2 添加不同废弃茶叶对皇竹草青贮营养成分含量的影响Table 2 Influences of adding different deposed teas on nutrient contents of Pennisetum sinese Roxb silage% DM |
| 处理 Treatments | 干物质 DM | 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC | 粗蛋白质 CP | 非蛋白氮 NPN | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 26.37±2.52b | 1.06±0.17b | 7.13±0.90d | 4.19±0.32bc | 52.34±2.10 | 32.81±3.15 | |
| G | 27.57±1.08ab | 1.32±0.14a | 11.37±0.80a | 5.87±0.15a | 50.27±1.08 | 32.08±2.85 | |
| B | 31.14±0.67a | 1.17±0.14ab | 10.59±0.33ab | 4.58±0.46b | 51.51±2.48 | 31.63±1.22 | |
| Z | 27.28±1.04ab | 1.12±0.10ab | 10.07±0.44b | 4.91±0.75b | 49.86±1.28 | 30.87±2.44 | |
| D | 30.92±4.40a | 0.61±0.12c | 11.28±0.96a | 4.55±0.26b | 51.99±0.48 | 33.16±2.57 | |
| W | 28.81±0.55ab | 1.30±0.07a | 8.16±0.31c | 3.76±0.23c | 51.46±0.55 | 35.29±3.06 | |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 0.516 | 0.030 | 0.135 | 0.097 | 0.358 | 0.620 | |
| P值 P-value | 0.026 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.354 | 0.448 | |
CK代表不添加废弃茶叶的对照;G代表添加绿茶废弃茶叶;B代表添加红茶废弃茶叶;Z代表添加普洱生茶废弃茶叶;D代表添加普洱熟茶废弃茶叶;W代表添加白茶废弃茶叶。同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
CK represents the control without deposed tea; G represents adding deposed green tea; B represents adding deposed black tea; Z represents adding deposed Pu-erh raw tea; D represents adding deposed Pu-erh ripe tea; W represents adding deposed white tea. Values with different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 添加不同废弃茶叶对皇竹草青贮微生物组成的影响
表3 添加不同废弃茶叶对皇竹草青贮微生物组成的影响Table 3 Influences of adding different deposed teas on microbial composition of Pennisetum sinese Roxb silagelg(CFU/g FM) |
| 处理 Treatments | 乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria | 酵母菌 Yeast | 大肠型细菌 Coliform bacteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 5.33±0.31b | 5.00 | 5.88 |
| G | 6.38±0.15a | ND | ND |
| B | 5.79±0.32ab | ND | ND |
| Z | 5.80±0.17ab | ND | ND |
| D | 5.88±0.10ab | ND | ND |
| W | 6.08±0.79a | ND | ND |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 0.090 | ||
| P值 P-value | 0.017 |
ND表示未检出。 | |
ND mean not detected. The same as |
2.3 添加不同废弃茶叶对皇竹草青贮发酵指标的影响
表4 添加不同废弃茶叶对皇竹草青贮发酵指标的影响Table 4 Influences of different deposed teas on fermentation indexes of Pennisetum sinese Roxb silage |
| 处理 Treatments | pH | 乳酸 LA/ (g/kg DM) | 乙酸 AA/ (g/kg DM) | 乳酸/乙酸 LA/AA | 丙酸 PA/ (g/kg DM) | 丁酸 BA/ (g/kg DM) | 氨态氮 NH3-N/ (g/kg DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 5.57±0.25ab | 1.09±0.18c | 2.44±0.15a | 0.45±0.07d | 0.20±0.12b | ND | 0.36±0.06ab |
| G | 5.26±0.33bc | 0.81±0.10d | 0.93±0.27bc | 0.95±0.44cd | 1.68±0.00a | ND | 0.36±0.93abc |
| B | 4.64±0.07e | 2.89±0.11a | 0.81±0.16c | 3.64±0.64a | 0.97±0.23ab | 0.29±0.50 | 0.32±0.13bc |
| Z | 4.79±0.23de | 1.49±0.10b | 1.10±0.04b | 1.36±0.08c | 0.96±1.02ab | ND | 0.28±0.30c |
| D | 5.88±0.07a | 0.27±0.05e | 0.69±0.10c | 0.39±0.05d | 0.28±0.03b | 0.12±0.10 | 0.43±0.33a |
| W | 5.11±0.21cd | 1.62±0.17b | 0.74±0.03c | 2.20±0.15b | 0.50±0.12b | ND | 0.34±0.13bc |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 0.050 | 0.030 | 0.035 | 0.077 | 0.102 | 0.049 | 0.101 |
| P值 P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.011 | 0.477 | 0.017 |
2.4 添加不同废弃茶叶对皇竹草青贮微生物多样性的影响
2.4.1 皇竹草青贮微生物α多样性分析
表5 添加不同废弃茶叶的皇竹草青贮的微生物α多样性分析Table 5 Analysis of microbial α diversity in Pennisetum sinese Roxb silage added different deposed teas |
| 处理 Treatments | 操作分类单元 OTU | 覆盖度 Coverage | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | Ace指数 Ace index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 490 | 0.998 | 550.67 | 594.06 | 3.15 | 0.78 |
| G | 546 | 0.998 | 620.86 | 643.69 | 3.66 | 0.81 |
| B | 439 | 0.998 | 506.54 | 538.29 | 2.91 | 0.71 |
| Z | 491 | 0.998 | 554.60 | 590.40 | 2.59 | 0.64 |
| D | 301 | 0.998 | 356.59 | 382.94 | 2.31 | 0.62 |
| W | 431 | 0.998 | 484.02 | 513.76 | 2.82 | 0.73 |
2.4.2 皇竹草青贮中微生物在门水平上的分布
图1 添加不同废弃茶叶的皇竹草青贮中微生物在门水平上的分布Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝藻菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Actinobacteria:放线菌门;unidentified_bacteria:未鉴定的细菌门;Desulfobacterota:脱硫杆菌门;Fusobacteriota:梭杆菌门;unidentified_Archaea:未鉴定的古生菌;Others:其他。 Fig.1 Distribution of microorganisms in Pennisetum sinese Roxb silage added different deposed teas at phylum level |
2.4.3 皇竹草青贮中微生物在属水平上的分布
图2 添加不同废弃茶叶的皇竹草青贮中微生物在属水平上的分布Lactiplantibacillus:植物乳杆菌属;Enterobacter:肠杆菌属;unidentified_Chloroplast:未鉴定的叶绿体;Lactococcus:乳球菌属;Enterococcus:肠球菌属。*:差异显著 significant difference (P<0.05);ns:差异不显著 no significant difference (P>0.05)。 Fig.2 Distribution of microorganisms in Pennisetum sinese Roxb silage added different deposed teas at genus level |

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