1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物和分组
1.3 试验饲粮
表1 22~42日龄饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of diets during 22 to 42 days of age (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低代谢能Ⅰ组 Low ME group Ⅰ | 低代谢能Ⅰ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅰ+chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 低代谢能Ⅱ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅱ+chlorophyll and VB12 compound group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米Corn | 48.80 | 48.80 | 48.80 | 48.80 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 27.50 | 27.50 | 27.50 | 27.50 |
| 次粉Wheat middling | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.60 |
| 麸皮Wheat bran | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 3.70 | 3.70 | 3.70 | 3.70 |
| 米糠Rice bran | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 3.00 | 1.84 | 1.84 | 0.68 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-lysine·HCl (98.5%) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine (99%) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| L-苏氨酸L-threonine (99%) | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.86 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 沸石粉Zeolite powder | 1.19 | 2.35 | 2.35 | 3.51 |
| 玉米芯粉Corncob powder | 1.68 | 1.68 | 1.68 | 1.68 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.51 | 11.09 | 11.09 | 10.67 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 19.55 | 19.63 | 19.85 | 19.51 |
| 钙Ca | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 |
| 总磷TP | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.72 |
| 非植酸磷NPP | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.41 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 |
| 饲料成本Feed cost/(元/t) | 3 575 | 3 442 | 3 507 | 3 374 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 9 000 IU,VD3 500 IU,VE 35 mg,VK3 2.2 mg,VB1 2.3 mg,VB2 5.0 mg,VB6 2.4 mg,VB12 0.04 mg,烟酸 niacin 35 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 10 mg,生物素 biotin 0.10 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.7 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 1 000 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 60 mg,Zn 80 mg,I 0.60 mg,Se 0.15 mg。 | |
2)粗蛋白质为实测值,其他为计算值。CP was a measured value, while the others were calculated values. |
表2 43~49日龄饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of diets during 43 to 49 days of age (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低代谢能Ⅰ组 Low ME group Ⅰ | 低代谢能Ⅰ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅰ+chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 低代谢能Ⅱ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅱ+chlorophyll and VB12 compound group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米Corn | 49.50 | 49.50 | 49.50 | 49.50 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 22.50 | 22.50 | 22.50 | 22.50 |
| 次粉Wheat middling | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| 麸皮Wheat bran | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 |
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 |
| 米糠Rice bran | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 4.00 | 2.84 | 2.84 | 1.60 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-lysine·HCl (98.5%) | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine (99%) | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| L-苏氨酸L-threonine (99%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.87 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.51 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 沸石粉Zeolite powder | 0.76 | 1.92 | 1.92 | 3.16 |
| 玉米芯粉Corncob powder | 2.28 | 2.28 | 2.28 | 2.28 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.77 | 11.35 | 11.35 | 10.93 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 18.08 | 17.56 | 18.15 | 17.74 |
| 钙Ca | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 |
| 总磷TP | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 |
| 非植酸磷NPP | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 |
| 饲料成本Feed cost/(元/t) | 3 547 | 3 414 | 3 479 | 3 346 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 6 000 IU,VD3 500 IU,VE 25 mg,VK3 1.7 mg,VB1 1.0 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB6 0.6 mg,VB12 0.04 mg,烟酸 niacin 20 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 12 mg,生物素 biotin 0.02 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.30 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 1 300 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 55 mg,Zn 75 mg,I 0.50 mg,Se 0.15 mg。 | |
2)粗蛋白质为实测值,其他为计算值。CP was a measured value, while the others were calculated values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 测定指标及方法
1.5.1 生长性能
1.5.2 血常规指标及血浆生化指标
1.5.3 胴体性状
1.5.4 肉品质
1.5.5 养分利用率
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对22~49日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
表3 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对22~49日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of low ME diet supplemented with chlorophyll and VB12 on growth performance of fast-growing type yellow-feathered chickens during 22 to 49 days of age |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低代谢 能Ⅰ组 Low ME group Ⅰ | 低代谢能Ⅰ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅰ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 低代谢能Ⅱ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅱ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22~42日龄22 to 42 days of age | ||||||
| 初重Initial BW/g | 455.00 | 455.00 | 455.83 | 455.83 | 0.48 | 0.551 |
| 末重Final BW/g | 1 079.36 | 1 042.50 | 1 088.33 | 1 079.72 | 13.92 | 0.094 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 80.70 | 82.37 | 81.41 | 82.12 | 0.68 | 0.660 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 29.73 | 27.98 | 30.12 | 29.71 | 0.67 | 0.217 |
| 料重比F/G | 2.78 | 2.86 | 2.71 | 2.76 | 0.06 | 0.163 |
| 死亡率Mortality rate/% | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.222 |
| 22~49日龄22 to 49 days of age | ||||||
| 初重Initial BW/g | 455.00 | 455.00 | 455.83 | 455.83 | 0.48 | 0.551 |
| 末重Final BW/g | 1 449.05a | 1 404.70b | 1 461.39a | 1 428.89ab | 14.75 | 0.044 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 96.13 | 96.93 | 96.40 | 96.32 | 0.74 | 0.081 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 34.28a | 32.75b | 34.67a | 33.55ab | 0.51 | 0.041 |
| 料重比F/G | 2.83 | 2.92 | 2.78 | 2.87 | 0.04 | 0.128 |
| 死亡率Mortality rate/% | 1.67 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.129 |
| 增重成本 Weight gain cost/(元/kg) | 9.46 | 9.67 | 9.17 | 9.52 | ||
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts indicated no insignificant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对50日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡胴体性状的影响
表4 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对50日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡胴体性状的影响Table 4 Effects of low ME diet supplemented with chlorophyll and VB12 on carcass traits of fast-growing type yellow-feathered chickens at 50 days of age % |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低代谢 能Ⅰ组 Low ME group Ⅰ | 低代谢能Ⅰ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅰ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 低代谢能Ⅱ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅱ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 屠宰率Carcass rate | 87.30 | 86.15 | 86.07 | 85.95 | 0.99 | 0.610 |
| 半净膛率 Half-eviscerated yield rate | 79.26 | 77.43 | 78.69 | 80.23 | 1.48 | 0.445 |
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated yield rate | 65.45a | 63.85b | 64.73ab | 64.44ab | 0.57 | 0.036 |
| 胸肌率Breast muscle rate | 13.46 | 12.77 | 12.61 | 12.65 | 0.43 | 0.192 |
| 腿肌率Leg muscle rate | 15.56 | 15.72 | 16.37 | 15.72 | 0.42 | 0.268 |
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat rate | 1.46 | 1.27 | 1.50 | 1.31 | 0.25 | 0.554 |
2.3 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对50日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响
表5 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对50日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of low ME diet supplemented with chlorophyll and VB12 on meat quality of fast-growing type yellow-feathered chickens at 50 days of age |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低代谢 能Ⅰ组 Low ME group Ⅰ | 低代谢能Ⅰ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅰ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 低代谢能Ⅱ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅱ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 肉色 Meat color | 45 min亮度 | 63.20 | 48.23 | 49.99 | 49.46 | 9.38 | 0.490 |
| 45 min红度 | 12.17 | 12.96 | 12.33 | 12.48 | 0.79 | 0.867 | |
| 45 min黄度 | 8.15 | 10.13 | 8.37 | 7.89 | 0.97 | 0.175 | |
| 24 h亮度 | 52.90 | 53.83 | 53.73 | 53.71 | 1.04 | 0.367 | |
| 24 h红度 | 10.73b | 11.33b | 14.23a | 11.09b | 2.09 | 0.042 | |
| 24 h黄度 | 9.10 | 10.31 | 9.48 | 9.09 | 0.52 | 0.118 | |
| pH | pH45 min | 5.90b | 5.85b | 6.12a | 6.05a | 0.09 | 0.030 |
| pH24 h | 5.75 | 5.77 | 5.70 | 5.82 | 0.06 | 0.279 | |
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 2.70a | 2.60a | 2.21b | 2.51ab | 0.32 | 0.011 | |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 40.17 | 41.83 | 38.05 | 38.15 | 4.09 | 0.364 | |
2.4 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对50日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡血常规指标的影响
表6 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对50日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡血常规指标的影响Table 6 Effects of low ME diet supplemented with chlorophyll and VB12 on blood routine indices of fast-growing type yellow-feathered chickens at 50 days of age |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低代谢 能Ⅰ组 Low ME group Ⅰ | 低代谢能Ⅰ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅰ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 低代谢能Ⅱ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅱ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 红细胞RBC/(×1012个/L) | 1.559 | 1.553 | 1.598 | 1.668 | 0.09 | 0.064 | |||||||
| 血红蛋白HGB/(g/L) | 106.17b | 107.25b | 123.25a | 116.55ab | 6.15 | 0.047 | |||||||
| 红细胞压积HCT/% | 18.46b | 18.30b | 21.22a | 19.93ab | 1.02 | 0.034 | |||||||
| 平均红细胞体积MCV/fL | 118.38 | 117.98 | 119.11 | 119.45 | 1.79 | 0.932 | |||||||
| 红细胞平均血红蛋白含量 MCH/pg | 68.08 | 69.04 | 70.94 | 69.79 | 0.95 | 0.052 | |||||||
| 红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度 MCHC/(g/L) | 575.33b | 585.42ab | 595.83a | 584.73ab | 6.56 | 0.039 | |||||||
| 红细胞分布宽度变异系数 RDW-CV/% | 12.10 | 12.76 | 12.12 | 11.91 | 0.53 | 0.563 | |||||||
| 红细胞分布宽度标准差 RDW-SD/fL | 60.77 | 64.26 | 61.60 | 60.39 | 2.69 | 0.629 | |||||||
| 血小板PLT/(×109个/L) | 5.00 | 5.75 | 5.67 | 4.64 | 0.58 | 0.302 | |||||||
| 平均血小板体积MPV/fL | 6.28 | 6.64 | 6.21 | 6.72 | 0.44 | 0.441 | |||||||
| 血小板分布宽度PDW/% | 19.28 | 20.11 | 19.34 | 20.82 | 0.66 | 0.135 | |||||||
| 降钙素PCT/% | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.617 |
2.5 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对50日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡血浆生化指标的影响
表7 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对50日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡血浆生化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of low ME diet supplemented with chlorophyll and VB12 on plasma biochemical indices of fast-growing type yellow-feathered chickens at 50 days of age |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低代谢 能Ⅰ组 Low ME group Ⅰ | 低代谢能Ⅰ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅰ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 低代谢能Ⅱ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅱ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乳酸LA/(nmol/L) | 4.39 | 4.57 | 4.59 | 4.67 | 0.27 | 0.936 |
| 尿酸UA/(mg/L) | 56.03 | 56.68 | 53.70 | 46.09 | 3.54 | 0.225 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 0.96ab | 1.49a | 0.66b | 1.50a | 0.19 | 0.013 |
2.6 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对快速型黄羽肉鸡养分利用率的影响
表8 低代谢能饲粮添加叶绿素和维生素B12对快速型黄羽肉鸡养分利用率的影响Table 8 Effects of low ME diet supplemented with chlorophyll and VB12 on nutrient utilization of fast-growing type yellow-feathered chickens |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低代谢 能Ⅰ组 Low ME group Ⅰ | 低代谢能Ⅰ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅰ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 低代谢能Ⅱ+叶绿素和 维生素B12复合组 Low ME Ⅱ+ chlorophyll and VB12 compound group | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 16.56 | 16.12 | 16.06 | 15.84 | ||
| 代谢能实测值 Measured ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.78 | 11.06 | 11.60 | 11.03 | ||
| 能量表观利用率 Energy apparent utilization/% | 71.20a | 69.36b | 72.94a | 67.75c | 1.10 | 0.019 |
| 粗蛋白质表观利用率 CP apparent utilization/% | 63.97a | 63.61a | 65.31a | 59.71b | 2.52 | 0.031 |

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