1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 全脂膨化大豆添加比例(1~21日龄) Full-fat extruded soybean adding proportions (1 to 21 days of age)/% | 全脂膨化大豆添加比例(22~42日龄) Full-fat extruded soybean adding proportions (22 to 42 days of age)/% | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照 Control) | 5 | 10 | 15 | 0(对照 Control) | 5 | 10 | 15 | |||||||||||
| 原料Ingredients | ||||||||||||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 60.50 | 59.30 | 58.15 | 56.97 | 62.98 | 61.81 | 60.60 | 59.40 | ||||||||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 33.00 | 29.22 | 25.38 | 21.58 | 31.75 | 27.95 | 24.18 | 20.39 | ||||||||||
| 全脂膨化大豆Full-fat extruded soybean | 5.00 | 10.00 | 15.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | 15.00 | ||||||||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.35 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |||||||||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | ||||||||||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.36 | ||||||||||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | ||||||||||||||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.82 | ||||||||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | ||||||||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | ||||||||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | ||||||||||
| 磷酸二氢钙Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | ||||||||||
| 沸石粉Zeolite powder | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | ||||||||||||||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||||||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 2.86 | 2.92 | 2.98 | 3.04 | 2.88 | 2.94 | 3.00 | 3.07 | ||||||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 19.93 | 19.93 | 19.92 | 19.91 | 19.13 | 19.12 | 19.12 | 19.13 | ||||||||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 4.44 | 5.27 | 6.09 | 6.92 | 4.31 | 5.14 | 5.97 | 6.79 | ||||||||||
| 钙Ca | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.88 | ||||||||||
| 总磷TP | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.59 | ||||||||||
| 有效磷AP | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.37 | ||||||||||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.01 | ||||||||||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | ||||||||||
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.74 | ||||||||||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 6 000 IU,VB2 5.5 mg,VD3 2 500 IU,VB1 1.75 mg,VB6 4 mg,VB12 0.017 5 mg,VE 25 mg,VK3 2.25 mg,生物素 biotin 0.14 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.9 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 34 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12 mg,植酸酶 phytase 400 U,胆碱 chloride 300 mg,Fe 75 mg,Cu 7.5 mg,Zn 60 mg,Mn 60 mg,I 0.75 mg,Se 0.15 mg。 | |
2)粗蛋白质、粗脂肪为实测值,其余为计算值。CP and EE were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 颗粒饲料质量
1.3.2 生长性能
1.3.3 屠宰性能
1.3.4 肉品质
1.3.5 养分表观代谢率
1.3.6 血清生化指标
1.4 数据统计及分析
2 结果
2.1 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡颗粒饲料质量的影响
表2 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡颗粒饲料质量的影响Table 2 Effects of adding proportion of full-fat extruded soybean on pellet feed quality of broilers |
| 组别 Groups | 1~21日龄1 to 21 days of age | 22~42日龄22 to 42 days of age | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 硬度 Hardness/g | 颗粒耐久性 PDI/% | 硬度 Hardness/g | 颗粒耐久性 PDI/% | ||
| 0(对照Control) | 2 260.30±491.79 | 92.52±0.47c | 3 969.15±589.37c | 98.44±0.25c | |
| 5% | 2 210.96±499.87 | 91.96±0.04bc | 3 554.92±630.08b | 97.80±0.21b | |
| 10% | 2 138.56±397.51 | 91.35±0.27b | 3 274.72±748.18b | 97.46±0.21b | |
| 15% | 2 053.52±334.65 | 88.72±0.59a | 2 810.90±340.66a | 96.06±0.12a | |
| P值P-value | 0.368 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
2.2 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响
表3 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of adding proportion of full-fat extruded soybean on growth performance of broilers |
| 阶段 Phase | 组别 Groups | 平均日采食量 ADFI/g | 平均日增重 ADG/g | 料重比 F/G |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age | 0(对照Control) | 45.77±3.39a | 32.01±2.15a | 1.43±0.03b |
| 5% | 45.42±3.13a | 31.76±2.08a | 1.43±0.03b | |
| 10% | 45.82±3.94a | 34.17±3.35b | 1.34±0.03a | |
| 15% | 51.69±3.09b | 38.63±2.68c | 1.34±0.04a | |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age | 0(对照Control) | 120.69±9.31a | 57.74±9.07a | 2.12±0.20 |
| 5% | 127.69±11.05ab | 61.93±10.41ab | 2.10±0.31 | |
| 10% | 132.35±10.48b | 66.70±7.73bc | 2.00±0.12 | |
| 15% | 148.54±11.95c | 73.76±11.38c | 2.05±0.26 | |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.552 | |
| 1~42日龄 1 to 42 days of age | 0(对照Control) | 83.23±5.15a | 44.87±5.01a | 1.87±0.11 |
| 5% | 86.56±6.38ab | 46.84±5.52ab | 1.86±0.15 | |
| 10% | 89.09±5.37b | 50.44±4.27b | 1.78±0.07 | |
| 15% | 100.12±6.17c | 56.19±5.80c | 1.80±0.15 | |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.162 |
表4 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of adding proportion of full-fat extruded soybean on slaughter performance of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 5% | 10% | 15% | ||
| 活重Live weight/kg | 2.40±0.31 | 2.40±0.31 | 2.40±0.29 | 2.42±0.16 | 0.997 |
| 屠宰重Slaughter weight/kg | 2.24±0.26 | 2.22±0.29 | 2.23±0.28 | 2.25±0.18 | 0.994 |
| 全净膛重Full bore weight/kg | 1.79±0.23 | 1.79±0.24 | 1.80±0.28 | 1.81±0.16 | 0.998 |
| 肝脏重Liver weight/g | 61.65±14.93 | 59.53±4.44 | 60.80±4.50 | 62.01±7.10 | 0.905 |
| 腹脂重Abdominal fat weight/g | 27.21±6.33 | 27.88±2.08 | 27.68±9.19 | 29.72±6.04 | 0.764 |
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage/% | 93.09±0.88 | 92.64±1.35 | 92.68±0.64 | 92.54±1.09 | 0.728 |
| 全净膛率 Eviscerated yield percentage/% | 74.51±1.38 | 74.65±2.03 | 74.85±3.68 | 73.91±1.72 | 0.990 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.3 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡肉品质的影响
表5 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对胸肌滴水损失率及肉色的影响Table 5 Effects of adding proportion of full-fat extruded soybean on breast muscle drip loss rate and meat color of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 5% | 10% | 15% | ||
| 24 h滴水损失率Drip loss rate at 24 h/% | 0.99±0.27 | 1.03±0.36 | 1.01±0.18 | 1.04±0.28 | 0.980 |
| 48 h滴水损失率Drip loss rate at 48 h/% | 1.70±0.40 | 1.99±0.66 | 1.76±0.16 | 1.88±0.48 | 0.450 |
| 亮度值L* value | 63.61±0.83 | 63.75±0.82 | 63.41±0.76 | 63.77±1.66 | 0.840 |
| 红度值a* value | 1.13±0.51 | 1.64±0.64 | 1.02±0.57 | 1.23±0.73 | 0.089 |
| 黄度值b* value | 0.86±0.44 | 1.29±0.54 | 0.85±0.43 | 1.12±0.76 | 0.171 |
2.4 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡养分表观代谢率的影响
表6 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡养分表观代谢率的影响Table 6 Effects of adding proportion of full-fat extruded soybean on nutrient apparent metabolic rates of broilers % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 5% | 10% | 15% | ||
| 粗蛋白质表观代谢率 CP apparent metabolic rate | 71.07±1.44a | 79.39±0.21b | 86.28±0.64c | 88.63±0.62d | <0.001 |
| 干物质表观代谢率 DM apparent metabolic rate | 82.74±1.35a | 84.14±0.50a | 89.66±0.74b | 90.65±0.91b | <0.001 |
2.5 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响
表7 全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 7 Effects of adding proportion of full-fat extruded soybean on serum biochemical indexes of broilers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 5% | 10% | 15% | ||
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 14.05±2.22 | 13.04±0.79 | 14.33±0.90 | 13.79±1.99 | 0.363 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 2.59±0.29b | 2.63±0.21b | 2.09±0.22a | 2.46±0.21b | <0.001 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.44±0.12ab | 0.43±0.08ab | 0.36±0.08a | 0.51±0.14b | 0.014 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 0.64±0.06b | 0.62±0.05b | 0.51±0.14a | 0.62±0.11b | 0.018 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 1.74±0.40 | 1.86±0.33 | 1.63±0.34 | 1.78±0.27 | 0.156 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 12.22±10.90 | 12.49±1.13 | 11.81±1.10 | 12.77±0.90 | 0.241 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 418.57±43.96 | 393.61±46.11 | 385.35±55.01 | 373.97±42.05 | 0.091 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(g/L) | 4.24±0.11 | 4.24±0.10 | 4.37±0.21 | 4.24±0.07 | 0.102 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(g/L) | 1.54±0.08 | 1.62±0.10 | 1.57±0.13 | 1.52±0.13 | 0.240 |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(g/L) | 2.23±0.09a | 2.35±0.06b | 2.32±0.10b | 2.23±0.08a | 0.006 |

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