1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 试验饲粮和饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basic diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 38.250 0 | ||
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 1.254 0 | ||
| 次粉Wheat middling | 3.000 0 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 9.750 0 | ||
| 统糠Rice bran meal | 1.500 0 | ||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 1.200 0 | ||
| 高粱Sorghum | 21.875 0 | ||
| 小麦Wheat | 10.937 5 | ||
| 豌豆Peas | 10.937 5 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.099 0 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.177 0 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 0.519 0 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.036 0 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.036 0 | ||
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.024 0 | ||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.024 0 | ||
| 防霉剂Antifungal agent | 0.030 0 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.060 0 | ||
| 沸石粉Zeolite | 0.291 0 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.000 0 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.670 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.333 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.639 | ||
| 粗纤维CF | 3.875 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.348 | ||
| 总磷TP | 0.387 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.707 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.213 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:VA 7 350 IU,VD3 1 650 IU,VE 11.25 mg,VK 1.95 mg,VB1 1.5 mg,VB2 4.8 mg,VB6 3.0 mg,VB12 15 μg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 30 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.75 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 9 mg,生物素 biotin 0.03 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 3 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 105 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 90 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 60 mg,I (as calcium iodide) 0.3 mg。 | |
2)代谢能为计算值,其他指标均为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 样品采集
1.5 测定指标与方法
1.5.1 生长性能测定
1.5.2 血清生化指标测定
1.5.3 肝脏抗氧化能力测定
1.5.4 基因表达水平检测
表2 引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences |
| 基因 Genes | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 片段长度 Fragment length/bp | 登录号 Accession number |
|---|---|---|---|
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | F:CTCTACTCATGGCCACTTCCG R:ACAACGTATTCAGCACCAGC | 138 | NM_001282835.1 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶1 SOD1 | F:ACTGCTAAAGGAGGTGTGGC R:GAGGTCCCGCATTTCCAGTT | 163 | XM_013370038.1 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶2 SOD2 | F:CGTGACTTTGGTTCCTTCGC R:GCTGCTATTTGTAGGCGTCC | 122 | XM_013368727.2 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶1 GPX1 | F:GCTTGGTTTTCTCGCAGGTG R:GCCACTTTCCCCAGCATAGT | 157 | XM_013369154.2 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶2 GPX2 | F:TTTGGAGCCCAACACATCACG R:TGAAATCCACCTTCTCCCCCT | 164 | XM_005514825.2 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶3 GPX3 | F:CCTTTTCTTGGCTGGGCTTG R:GGATGTACTCGTCCCCATCG | 128 | XM_005503383.3 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶4 GPX4 | F:TCCCTGGAGAAGTACCGGGG R:CTTCTCAGCGTATCTGGCGT | 117 | XM_005509302.2 |
1.6 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 种鸽饲粮添加不同硒源对乳鸽生长性能及种鸽体重的影响
表3 不同硒源对乳鸽生长性能及种鸽体重的影响Table 3 Effects of different selenium sources on growth performance of squabs and body weight of breeding pigeons |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 亚硒酸钠 Sodium selenite | 酵母硒 Selenium yeast | 纳米硒 Nanometer selenium | ||
| 乳鸽体重Weight of squabs/(g/窝) | |||||
| 1日龄1 day of age | 63.78±2.20 | 61.59±0.52 | 60.69±2.65 | 63.81±2.63 | 0.272 6 |
| 28日龄28 days of age | 1 820.42±84.08 | 1 813.22±148.90 | 1 824.62±103.40 | 1 890.01±57.76 | 0.789 4 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/窝) | 62.74±3.08 | 62.56±5.33 | 63.00±3.64 | 65.22±2.16 | 0.802 9 |
| 种鸽体重Weight of breeding pigeons/(g/窝) | |||||
| 初重Initial weight | 1 165.84±11.89 | 1 120.31±18.90 | 1 138.02±25.94 | 1 150.26±34.51 | 0.210 7 |
| 末重Final weight | 979.29±33.54 | 949.31±26.70 | 946.83±40.63 | 934.16±22.06 | 0.402 7 |
| 减重Weight loss | 186.55±21.82 | 171.00±32.56 | 191.19±41.83 | 216.10±14.02 | 0.368 1 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/窝) | 227.78±3.61 | 221.50±11.53 | 225.44±9.68 | 223.83±10.32 | 0.864 2 |
| 窝料重比NFCR | 4.07±0.17 | 3.94±0.25 | 4.03±0.36 | 3.90±0.34 | 0.889 0 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
Different small letters in the shoulder marks of peer data indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while the same or no letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 种鸽饲粮添加不同硒源对乳鸽血清生化指标的影响
表4 不同硒源对乳鸽血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of different selenium sources on serum biochemical indexes of squabs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 亚硒酸钠 Sodium selenite | 酵母硒 Selenium yeast | 纳米硒 Nanometer selenium | ||
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 132.50±12.13a | 94.67±11.24b | 108.00±15.52b | 97.50±8.78b | 0.000 1 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 20.83±1.47a | 19.17±0.98ab | 20.33±1.37a | 17.83±1.17b | 0.002 6 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 689.40±75.85 | 699.00±98.30 | 691.40±68.84 | 724.80±89.86 | 0.877 3 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 8.47±0.37a | 6.44±0.32b | 7.05±0.56b | 6.49±0.37b | <0.000 1 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 1.44±0.23a | 1.46±0.08ab | 1.23±0.14bc | 1.13±0.07c | 0.000 6 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 14.63±1.28a | 13.74±0.93a | 13.88±0.67a | 11.51±0.48b | <0.000 1 |
2.3 种鸽饲粮添加不同硒源对乳鸽肝脏抗氧化能力的影响
表5 不同硒源对乳鸽肝脏抗氧化能力的影响Table 5 Effects of different selenium sources on liver antioxidant capacity of squabs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 亚硒酸钠 Sodium selenite | 酵母硒 Selenium yeast | 纳米硒 Nanometer selenium | ||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 0.25±0.03c | 0.29±0.03bc | 0.29±0.02ab | 0.33±0.02a | 0.000 4 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 46.06±1.98b | 46.78±0.75b | 47.58±1.75ab | 50.02±1.30a | 0.001 3 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 14.78±0.68b | 16.09±1.32ab | 17.06±1.18a | 16.81±0.99a | 0.006 5 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 0.31±0.04a | 0.30±0.05a | 0.27±0.04ab | 0.22±0.01b | 0.000 8 |
2.4 种鸽饲粮添加不同硒源对乳鸽肝脏抗氧化和硒蛋白基因表达的影响
表6 不同硒源对乳鸽肝脏抗氧化与硒蛋白相关基因表达的影响Table 6 Effects of different selenium sources on antioxidation and selenoprotein related gene expression in liver of squabs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 亚硒酸钠 Sodium selenite | 酵母硒 Selenium yeast | 纳米硒 Nanometer selenium | ||
| 超氧化物歧化酶1 SOD1 | 1.00±0.00b | 1.11±0.18ab | 1.16±0.15ab | 1.29±0.22a | 0.033 1 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶2 SOD2 | 1.00±0.00b | 1.39±0.32a | 1.46±0.16a | 1.45±0.27a | 0.005 2 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶1 GPX1 | 1.00±0.00b | 1.28±0.16ab | 1.30±0.24ab | 1.37±0.24a | 0.014 3 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶2 GPX2 | 1.00±0.00b | 1.55±0.19a | 1.44±0.35a | 1.47±0.19a | 0.001 3 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶3 GPX3 | 1.00±0.00b | 1.75±0.63a | 1.76±0.52a | 2.03±0.22a | 0.003 0 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化酶4 GPX4 | 1.00±0.00b | 1.56±0.54ab | 1.47±0.84ab | 2.12±0.79a | 0.047 2 |

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